pomegranate seed pulp

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) containing long-chain fatty acids with L-carnitine (LC) on performance and carcass traits of thirty two Mahabadi male kids. Experimental diets were 1) diet without PSP and LC 2) diet with 10% PSP Kg/DMI and without LC 3) diet without PSP and with 300ppm LC Kg/DMI and 4) diet with 10% PSP and 300ppm LC Kg/DMI. Kids were slaughtered at the end of study and carcass characteristics were measured. Addition of PSP and LC in diet decreased kidney fat (P

Using of agro-industrial by-products in diet of livestock not only reduces the production costs but also can dwindle the use of human foods in animal nutrition and competition between human and livestock. Thus, proper use of these by-products in animal nutrition and identification of new and low cost feed resources may be one of the priorities in livestock husbandry of our country. Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) is a by-product of the industrial decoction of pomegranate. Iran with annually production of more than 900 tons of pomegranates is one of the most important regions of pomegranate cultivation and PSP produced from pomegranate processing factories may be extensively used in animal nutrition. Digestibility determination of feeds is one of the most effective ways to evaluate their nutritional value. In addition, there is a strong relationship between feeds digestibility and performance of animal. There are in vivo, in vitro and in situ methods to determine the digestibility of feeds. Although in vivo methods are reference for digestibility values of feeds and are of high precision but they are usually expensive and time consuming. In addition, these methods do not provide any information related to ruminal degradability kinetic of nutrients. The aim of this study was comparison of two methods of ruminal degradability determination methods namely, in situ (nylon bag) and in vitro (Daisy incubator), using dried and ensiled pomegranate seed pulp (PSP).
The PSP used in this study was prepared from Anaryan Co. in Ferdows, Iran. Decocted pomegranate was a mixture of Yazd varieties which were harvested at early autumn of 1389. Two types of PSP as dried and ensiled were used to compare the methods of ruminal digestibility determination, pervasively. The PSP silage was prepared by ensiling of wet PSP (containing 475 g/kg DM) in 3 kg bins (4 replicates)and with density of 650 kg wet PSP per cubic meter for 60 days and dried PSP was prepared by drying of wet PSP in oven at 60ºC. The digestibility of each feed was determined by both in situ and in vitro methods using two Holstein fistulated heifers and Daisy incubator, respectively. Animals were fed a total mixed ration containing 1.8 kg/d of alfalfa hay, 1.8 kg/d of concentrate, 0.5 kg/d of corn silage and 1.8 kg/d of wheat straw (DM basis) at two meals. The ingredients of concentrate were barley grain (35%), corn grain (18%), soybeanmeal (10%), canola meal (15%), wheat bran (11.5%), molasses (7%), vitamin-mineral supplement (1%), oyster shell (2%) and salt (0.5%) (DM basis). Comparison between treatments for each of digestibility methods at 24 and 48 h of incubation was done separately based on completely randomized design using SAS software. Correlation between digestibility determination methods was estimated using Corr proc of SAS and regression coefficient and also regression equation of in situ digestibility method on in vitro digestibility method was determined using Reg proc of SAS.
The results showed that DM digestibility of PSP (both ensiled and dried) was estimated higher when measured by in vitro than in situ method at both incubation times. The correlation between two methods of digestibility determination for dried and ensiled PSP after 24h incubation was 0.81 and 0.96, respectively and after 48h incubation was 0.99 and 0.75, respectively. The regression equations of DM in situ digestibility estimation from DM in vitro digestibility data were of high accuracy. Tagliapietra et al. (27) compared the in vitro and in situ DM digestibility of 11 different feeds and found a high correlation coefficient of 0.90 (P It was concluded that two studied methods of digestibility determination were highly correlated and regression equation may be used to estimate the in situ DM digestibility of experimental feed samples from in vitro digestibility data precisely.

Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) as a valuable and low cost feed may be used as a cereal grain replacement in ruminant diet.
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing some of cereal grains of diet with ensiled PSP (with or without added urea) on dry matter intake and production performance of south Khorasan crossbred goats.
A total of 21 goats with average daily milk yield of 645.8 ± 0.15 kg and average body weight of 26 ± 2.5 kg were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets based on collected records at pre-experiment period. Experimental diets were included: 1- control (without PSP), 2- containing 10% of ensiled PSP without urea, and 3- containing 10% of ensiled PSP with urea (DM basis), were fed individually as totally mixed ration to goats.
Replacing some of cereal grains of diet with ensiled PSP without urea increased (P Ensiled PSP with urea can be used as a cost effective by-product for replacing of some part of diet’s grain and thereby reducing the production costs.

Effects of feeding pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on dry matter intake, performance, and carcass characteristics, carcass components and blood metabolites were examined in this study. During a pretrial period, 33 southern Khorasan (Iran) cross-bred kids were fed a similar diet and dry matter intake, performance, Growth and carcass characteristics, carcass components and blood metabolites were recorded. Male kids were fed diets containing 10% PSP supplements without and with 2g/kg urea for 85 days. The kids had an initial live weight of 13.9 ± 0.4 kg and were fed a mixed ration ad libitum (2/6 Mcal/kg ME and 16% crude protein). There was no difference in dry matter intake, performance due to diet. The PSP dietary supplementation no affected hot carcasses, cold carcasses, quality meat and components carcasses consist of neck. The PSP diet reduced (P<0.05) kidney fat and abdominal fat weight. The feeding PSP reduced (P<0.05) TG, LDL, glucose and insulin concentration in the blood but HDL concentration in the blood plasma at PSP fed kids were higher (P < 0.05) than control.

Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP, resulting from squeezing of pomegranate seed) contains remarkable amount of nutrients such as protein and specially oil which in areas that it is accessible can stand in ruminant’s diet instead of some cereal grains, but its tannin content can reduces palatability and nutritive value. Irradiation is one of physical processing methods that can reduce tannins and improve nutritional value of feeds. So, PSP was irradiated with three doses of 10, 15 and 20 KGy of electron beam and then chemical composition, phenolic compounds content and DM ruminal degradability parameters and ruminal, post-ruminal and total tract digestibility of its DM were measured. The data were analyzed based on completely randomized design using Proc GLM of SAS software. The results showed crude protein was significantly increased by irradiation at 15 and 20 KGy while water soluble carbohydrate was reduced by irradiation. Total phenolic compounds and total tannin content were reduced by all irradiation doses while condensed tannin content was not affected by irradiation. Amongst hydrolysable tannins, gallic acid and ellagic acid content were significantly reduced by all three irradiation doses and tannic acid and punicalin were significantly reduced at higher doses of irradiation (15 and 20 KGy) but punicalagin A content was not reduced by irradiation and punicalagin B content was reducted at 10 and 20 KGy irradiation. Irradiation did not change degradability parameters, ruminal digestibility and total tract digestibility of PSP’s DM but post-ruminal digestibility of its DM was significantly reduced by irradiation. From these results it looks that irradiation of PSP at 15 KGy had the best outcome because while it reduced total tannin and detrimental hydrolysable tannins including gallic acid, tannic acid and punicalin, it caused to preserved the hydrolysable tannins with antioxidant properties including punicalagin’s A and B.

In a study the effect of different levels of Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on performance traits and some blood parameters of broilers were determined. Pomegranate seed pulp was used in 0, 1, 2,, , 5 and 6 % of feed from days 1 to 42. Two hundreds and eighty one day old Ross male broilers with a completely randomized design were assigned to 7 treatments, with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. In the end of experimental period, after skin removal, carcass weight, edible and inedible internal organs weights were measured. On day 42, two birds from each replicate were killed and blood samples for determining triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL concentrations were obtained. The results showed that there were no significant differences between treatments on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, edible and inedible internal organs. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments for triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL (P>0.05). The weight percentage of gizzard for treatment having 5 PSP % (2.63 mM) showed to be significantly different from that of the control (2 mM) (P<0.05). Based on the results obtained addition of Pomegranate seed pulp to diet had no significant effect on performance traits of broilers; therefore, this byproduct, particularly where available, can be used up to 6 % in broiler's diet.