sperm

In this study, the sperm quality indicators of rainbow trout breeders in selected Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) farms of the country were investigated in order to plan the long-term preservation of rainbow trout sperm through cryopreservation and creating a sperm bank in the next phase. Sperm samples from 24 breeders from six selected SPF farms from West-Azerbaijan and Mazandaran provinces were collected and evaluated. The average density of sperm is 7.83 ± 4 billion per milliliter, the average volume of extracted sperm is 9.2 ± 1.6 ml, the average percentage of motility and its duration were 78.7 ± 10.3% and 26.6 ± 4.4 seconds, the average pH was 7.74 ± 0.23 and the fertilization percentage of the samples was as 92.8 ± 1.2%. The results showed that the pH 7.7-7.8 is the most appropriate value for inducing motility and its increasing or decreasing relative to this value causes a decrease in fertilization efficiency. Also, a positive correlation between pH and sperm motility (r = 0.533) and fertility (r = 0.67) was determined. According to the obtained information, the characteristics of the best sperm sample is selected for long-term storage and the creation of a genetically diverse sperm bank and targeted management of rainbow trout reproduction.

This study aimed to compare reproductive indices of broodstocks between and within (control and selected treatments) four different populations common carp of Hungarian-originated (TATA), North Iran, China-originated (RAN), and South Iran (Khuzestan). Control and selected treatments in each population comprised the average of the broodstock population and those chosen deliberately from 30% above the population mean (apart from shooter fish with excessive growth and out of the normal range), respectively, to calculate the genetic progress. Male and female reproductive indices were checked respectively by evaluating sperm quality (spermatocrit, sperm density per milliliter, percentage of motile sperm, and motility duration) and measuring working and relative fecundity, ovum and hydrated egg diameter, fertilization rate, hatching rate, the larval survival rate, and larval size after hatching. The results showed that, despite the high fecundity in the South Iran population, it has the lowest egg diameter and larval survival rate (p<0.05). Although the China-originated (control and selected treatments) population had the lowest sperm volume, sperm density per milliliter, and percentage of spermatocrit among different populations, the selected-treatment had the highest motile sperm percentage and the motility duration, which resulted in the most elevated fertilization rate belonging to it (p<0.05). The highest survival rate 24 hours post-hatching was observed in China-originated (control and selected) and North Iran-control, and the lowest in TATA (control and selected), North Iran-selected, and South Iran populations (p<0.05). China-originated control population gained the highest larval survival rate 72 hours after hatching. Although it did not differ significantly with the North Iran (control and selected) and TATA-control (p>0.05) populations, it has meaningful difference with the South Iran, TATA-selected, and China-originated-selected (p<0.05). The larval size in TATA-selected, North Iran-control, and South Iran is significantly smaller than other populations (p<0.05). There is no considerable difference in larval length size of the North Iran population between the control and the selected treatments, but it is significantly more in control than selected treatments in the China-originated and TATA populations. This finding illustrated that the selective breeding of broodstocks did not affect the reproductive indices within populations and the larval survival rate in F1. However, it improved the larval size. China-originated and North Iran populations performed satisfactorily in male and female reproductive indices, respectively, and it is worth bringing into mind hybridization between the two populations in future studies.

Reproduction includes hormonal regulated processes, such as the growth and maturity of the reproductive organs and reproductive cells, the production of functional reproductive cells (eggs and sperms) that can engage in fertilization to survive an event type Are important. Therefore, reproductive tissues should be produced during embryonic development, and the growth and reproductive maturity of the reproductive cells should be performed after sexual maturity. Fish may use a lot of reproductive strategies that are: livestock (internal fertilization, maternal embryo development, and maternal nutrients for fetal growth), live birth (fertilization) Inner, the mother of yolk eggs suggests that these eggs are egg-laying eggs in the tube), and in the laying (external fertilization, the embryo develops out of the mother's body). In the present paper, various types of reproductive mechanisms of bone marrow production, including the activation of the pituitary-pituitary axis during puberty, gonadotropin releasing hormones, pituitary gland, gonadotropins, Steroidization, spermatogenesis process, oocyte development process, oocyte growth, oocyte yellowing and oocyte maturation process.

The present study investigated the effect of singular or combined administration of Pediococcus acidilactici and Raffinos on growth performance and some biological characteristics of eggs and spermatogonal parameters of gold fish (Carassius auratus). 180 gold fish, with average weight of 26.3±0.18 after two weeks of adaptation to laboratory condition In 4 treatments and each treatment with 3 replicates including: commercial diet (control group), commercial diet supplemented with 0/9×107 CFU/g P. acidilactici, 10 g kg-1 Raffinos or simultaneously supplemented with 0/9×107 CFU/g  P. acidilactici and 10 g kg-1 Raffinos accidentally divided. The trial lasted 60 days, and fish sampling was performed to evaluate the growth indices and quality indices of egg and sperm at the end of the experiment. The results of analysis of growth indices showed that the rate of body weight gain, weight gain and specific growth rate in synbiotic treatment had a significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of feed conversion ratio, condition factor and survival index in different treatments (P> 0.05) Also, the analysis of oocyte and sperm quality indices showed that there was no significant difference in the level of sperm density, spermatocrit and pH of seminal fluid in different treatments (P< 0.05) However, sperm motility duration, oocyte diameter and yolk space were significantly different in the control group (P <0.05).

This study was conducted to determine the effect of OvaprimTM and hCG hormones on induction of Perca fluviatilis in captivity, as well as examination of spermatological parameters of this fish. In the first treatment, 14 females with an average weight of 99.3±17.4 g were injected with a dose of 0.5 ml kg-1 body weight with OvaprimTM hormone. In the second treatment, 5 females with an average weight of 103.8±19.8 were injected at the dose of 500 international units per kg body weight with hCG hormone. In both experimental treatments, injections not performed in male broodstock. In order to determine the spermatological parameters, 10 males with an average weight of 92.0±13.1 g were used. According to the results, the fastest maturation time (1586.4 degree-hour) and the highest percentage of response (100%) were observed in hCG treatment (P<0.05). While the percentage of response in ovaprimTM treatment was 64.3%. The significant differences were not observed between two treatments in the average weight of swollen egg per fish, the average number of swollen egg per gram, percentage of fertilization, and hatching duration (P>0.05). Based on the results of this study, mean sperm volume of Perca fluviatilis was 1.3±1.1 ml, mean sperm activity was 80.5±15.31%, mean motility time was 155.4±57.7 seconds, mean percentage of spermatocrit was 84.3±11.4, and the mean spermatozoid concentration was 41.9±29.7×109 ml-1. The results of this study showed that to induce spawning of Perca fluviatilis broodstock in captivity hCG is more suitable than ovaprimTM. Considering the desirable effects of hCG, it is recommended that to induce spawning of Perca fluviatilis broodstock this hormone can be used.

Cryopreservation is as an effective way to prevent species extinction risk. In this study, we have investigated the protective effect of different concentrations cryoprotectant and effect of different dilution ratios on sperm motility percent and its motility duration after thaw. For this work dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol and ethylene glycol was used as cryoprotectant, each at concentration of 5, 10 and 20% were added to the extender (30mM Tris, 23.4mM sucrose, 0.25mM KCl, PH 8.0). Then, extender with 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2 mixture ratios of the extender and sperms collected and the sperm was frozen. In this study semen obtained from three Beluga males were used. Frozen sperms after 15 and 30 days were excluded from freezing. The results of the experiment showed that highest motility duration and the most motility percentage of post-thawed sperms after 15 and 30 days was related to the sperm with the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% and the dilution ratio of 1:1 (230.32±20.42 s and 23.41±2.60%; 218.20±18.10 s and 20.12±1.90%, respectively). Also minimum motility duration and the most motility percentage of post-thawed sperms after 15 and 30 days was related to the sperm with the concentration of ethylene glycol 20% and the dilution ratio of 1:2 (92.24±18.40 s and 9.20±1.30%; 65.37±19.80 s and 7.00±1.00%, respectively).

In this study, we have conducted an investigation on the brood stocks of 17 Gattan, presumably a rare native economic fish, at the Institute of Aquaculture in South of Iran and the Native fishery reproduction center of Dashte Azadegan. The measurements of live samples were as follows: average weight, 25/1±559/3g. the average length, 45/9±4/001cm the average fork length, 49/1±4/2cm the average of total length, 53/5±4/9cm. Also, the average duration of sperm motility was reported as 309/2±64/5 seconds, mean sperm density was 47/5±16/3, the PH average of semen 7/6±0/9, and the average percent of sperm atrocity 45/2±15/8%. In addition, the average glucose, cholesterol, and the total protein semen in sequence are as follows 23/3±1/0, 51/76±28/8, and 1/1±0/9mg/DL. Furthermore, the averages of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus levels of semen were reported as follows: 432/4±79/22, 108/8±20/26, 2/7±0/6, 0/7±0/2, and 15/8±3/1mm/l. Additionally, the sperm head length was 1/3±0/3 micron, the average length of agella 2/3±0/7micron, and the average total length of the sperms was 3/7±1/0. Overall, the results from this study have provided necessary information to illustrate that Gattan sperm cryopreservation is successful at the time of sperm motility and sperm concentration.

Effects of LHRHA2 hormone in 2.5, 5 and 10μg/kg doses and anti-dopamine metoclopramide on Barbus sharpeyi spermiation, spermatozoa quality and fertility indices, chemical (Na+, K+ and Ca+2) and biochemical component (Alkaline phosphates, Glucose and Triglyceride) of seminal plasma and its osmotic pressure were assessed in comparison to Carp pituitary extract treatment. Results indicated that the highest incubation survival, hatching rate, sperm volume, duration of sperm motility as well as the lowest larval deformity were achieved by injection of LHRHA2 (10μg/kg +2.5mg/kg metoclopramide) and it was significantly different to others groups. Application of above mentioned treatment had the highest osmotic pressure with about (Mean ±SD) 324±7.31mOsmol kg-1 among other groups. Also, the highest level of Na+ was assessed by injection of LHRHA2 (10μg/kg +2.5mg/kg metoclopramide). Result showed that injection of Carp pituitary extract caused the highest spermatocrit, K+ value and larval deformity in comparison to other treatments. In conclusion, optimum sperm quality can be produced by injection of LHRHA2 (10μg/kg + 2.5mg/kg metoclopramide) in males of B. sharpeyi at 8 hour following hormonal stimulation. Also, above mentioned treatment caused increasing of incubation survival and decrease of larval deformity in B. sharpeyi.

Production and storage of the best gametes are practices undertaken by fishery managers and researchers to improve fish reproduction technology and obtain the best spawners. The male spawners of carp (Cyprinus carpio) were chosen from two warm-water fish hatcheries near Rasht, Guilan Province. For the study, duration of motility of sperms, sperm density and fertilization rate were considered.
The best samples were chosen for cryopreservation with four different extenders and were checked by fertilization tests after seven days preservation in liquid nitrogen. Results showed that by 1:1 dilution rate, the Alsever’s solution had the best results. The fertilization rate, production of eyed eggs and larvae by this extender in a multistage cooling experiment were 45%, 47.81 and 22.63% respectively.