communication technology

Currently, ICT has a tremendous impact on the efficiency of the educational system, and its usage is aimed at continuously training users in educational programs. The continuity of this education depends on the teachers' willingness to continue using ICT. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors that affect the utilization of ICT by educators in the winter of2022. To achieve this objective, the GETAMEL model was utilized to explain the factors that predict Jihad Agricultural Organization teachers' behavior. Within this model, the constructs of enjoyment, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and anxiety are external factors that influence the constructs of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of the TAM theory. The statistical population of this research was the experts of agricultural jihad of Fars province who were the instructors of training courses and were selected using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by the Ordinal theta coefficient (θ˃0.8). The data were analyzed using frequency, mean, SEM and, SPSS24 and, Smart-PLS3 software. The GETAMEL model successfully predicted 64% of the variance of ICT usage behavior. Additionally, the results indicated that perceived usefulness had a direct effect on self-efficacy, enjoyment, and subjective norms. Moreover, perceived ease of use directly influences subjective norms and inversely affects anxiety. The results of this research can be valuable in formulating policies to sustain educator's motivation to use ICT within agricultural education.

the present descriptive-correlation research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between information and communication technology and the job performance of teachers in conservatories and agricultural training centers in Kermanshah province through the mediating role of organizational agility. The participants in this research were 267 teachers of conservatories and agricultural education Centers in Kermanshah province (N=267), who were counted according to their number. To collect data from three standard information and communication technology questionnaires of Mahmoudi (2012); Patterson's job performance questionnaire (1990) and Sharifi and Zhang's organizational agility questionnaire (2002) were used.The convergent validity of the questionnaire was also calculated through AVE, which was obtained as 0.78.The research tool was checked through the ordinal theta coefficient (0.83-0.87) using R software, and the ordinal theta rate was 0.83 for information and communication technology, 0.86 for job performance, and 0.86 for organizational agility. 0.85 And overall 0.87 was obtained.SPSSwin22 and Smart PLSwin3 software were used for data analysis.Based on the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a positive and significant relationship between the development of information and communication technology and organizational agility, as well as between organizational agility and the job performance of agricultural educators.. Information and communication technology as an independent variable had a significant effect on two dependent variables, i.e. job performance and organizational agility. So that information and communication technology accounted for 57% of the total variance of job performance and 34% of the total variance of organizational agility explains.

extensional media develop extensional activities and have a high impact on audiences in different target groups. The media can be used in different production structures and be used collectively, massively, and individually according to the level of literacy, age, climatic characteristics, product characteristics, as well as culture and religious and belief values. According to these characteristics, after the establishment of the new system of agricultural extension, the views on the media became deeper and more practical in such a way that while trying to develop the existing media quantitatively and qualitatively, moving towards the use of new media and technology. New media has doubled in speed. This narrative review article was written with the aim of explaining the role of the new extensional system in the development of extensional media. In this article, the state of promotion media before and after the implementation of the new promotion system has been reviewed and investigated, with emphasis on the elements of the knowledge management system. The findings of the research show that after the implementation of the new promotion system, appropriate developments in the production of some media that were already used It was created from this category of media, we can refer to written media and audio-visual media In addition to that, new media such as based media it and ict agricultural applications, agricultural knowledge and techniques extension hall, agricultural education and extension messenger, agricultural app system, national and provincial barekat network were formed as the largest extensional virtual network.

One of the primary and most important goals of the agricultural knowledge and information system is to focus on the welfare of stakeholders. This study investigates the factors affecting the agricultural knowledge and information system from the perspective of extension experts in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. In terms of the purpose of applied research and based on the nature of the research data, it is descriptive-survey research. The study's statistical population was the extension experts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural Jihad Organization, which according to the report of this organization, is 260. Krejcie and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size. Based on this table, the sample size was estimated at 152 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS21 and Smart PLS software and various statistical tests. The results showed that leadership and management with a standard operating load of 0.621, manpower with a standard operating load of 0.569, planning with a high standard load of 0.365, Structural factors with a standard factor load of 0.353 have the most significant impact on the agricultural knowledge and information system of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, respectively.

Today, entrepreneurship education is needed in universities for progress, production and development. In recent years, the growing unemployment of educated people in the fields of agriculture and natural resources has caused great concern for individuals and society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting entrepreneurship education of agricultural and natural resources students at Shahrekord University. This research is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this study included all incoming students of the faculties of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Earth Sciences of Shahrekord University in the academic years 2014-18 (N = 2000). To determine the statistical sample size using Cochranchr('39')s formula, 322 students were selected as the sample. Data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was reviewed and confirmed by the professor of the management department of Payame Noor University of Khansar. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, the method of calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficients was calculated using SPSS software version 23 and showed an acceptable Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient (a= 0.70-0.86). Inferential statistics and structural equations were used to analyze the data using Amos software. Findings showed that empirical learning, information and communication technology, risk-taking and entrepreneurial characteristics of the learner directly and indirectly affect entrepreneurship education. Therefore, universities should pay attention to the importance of factors affecting entrepreneurship education and make more use of experiential learning and information and communication technology in entrepreneurship education.

This study aimed to identify experts’ viewpoint toward web-based design and implementation of agricultural extension services in Iran. The methodological approach was a descriptive and survey study. The statistical population of the study consisted of agricultural experts and active website managers in this field, of whom 310 people were randomly selected using the stratified sampling method. The data were collected by Questionnair and its content and face validity was evaluated by experts and its reliability measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that according to the respondents’ view, the prioritized expected activities from an agricultural service-extension website were providing online and accurate meteorological information along with appropriate extension messages, expressing farmers’ problems and dealing with them, providing information regarding latest news and introducing new research achievements. Prioritized structural and appearance properties of an agricultural extension services website were respectively, the easy use of website facilities, comprehensibility and understanding of messages, full subject coverage and offering comprehensive and specialized information. Compare mean results showed that the respondents who were web managers and believed to present the website content through a provincial form and emphasized the necessity of taking the advice of academic members for updating the website, assessed the importance of the structural and appearance properties of and agricultural extension service website with a higher priority. This study recommended developing the website content based on target audience needs and providing its services to all Iranian farmers and rural through a regional, free and online scope.

This descriptive-correlation study was comdmcted to investigate factors influencing the statistical information technology by agricultural and natural resources students of Nahavand Payame Noor University. the population study was 318, from whom 175 students were selected by stratified random sampling Technique. Data were collected by questionnaire That’s validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was measured through ordinal alpha coefficient (α=0.86).According to findings, agricultural student had Medium attitudes towards the adoption of information technology in general. The result of path analysis showed that the variable of students’ attitudes towards using information technology had the most significant effect on the adoption of information technology (β= 0.56).
Furthermore, the other variables like: working experience with internet and computers (β= 0.53), Participate in training courses(β=0.46), students’ perception of easy application (β=0.39), usefulness (β=0.28) and their proficiency in English language (β= 0.20), had the most effects on the adoption of information technology and respectively ranked in other priorities.
It suggested that necessary condition to provid positive attitudes for the students and more use of information enhancing literacy and experience using of computers and other information in students through their participation in computer training classes and courses.

The main objective of the research is to design the suitable knowledge transfer in agricultural research centers through distance education. The research method was a combinational one. The primary information was collected through Delphi method by knowledge transfer experts. After extraction of main criteria’s and determination of validity and reliability, the questionnaire was given to test givers. The data collection method was a field (questionnaire) and documentary one. The statistical population included 1930 people ; scientific staff ,the educators ,the educational trainers of agriculture research institutions and centers.According to Morgan table the sample volume was calculated on groups separation and to their population were 641 people ,which were selected as random classification.The data analysis was performed by descriptive and interventional statistics (the subjective /explorative analysis of first Bartlett and approval analysis )through application of SPSS and LISREL software .The results of the variance of each of the index and average variance of 37/61 percent indicator of knowledge production, technology, distance education, financial resources, technological content production. Information and communication, psychological, organizational culture and policies have a significant positive impact on knowledge transfer. And the explanatory model of knowledge transfer. Analysis of the rating factors indicator more effective knowledge creation in knowledge transfer. In addition Goodness of fit test results indicate the model is.

The main purpose of this research was to study the essential components in effective application of ICT in Iran’s agricultural higher education. The research method was descriptive correlation method and statistical population was consisted of all Master students in agricultural colleges. A sample of 230 students was selected by using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Its reliability was established by calculating Cronbach Alpha coefficient, as estimated to be 84%. SPSSV16 software was used to analyze the collected information. According to the results of a factor analysis, the essential components were placed in six factor group which totally explaining 68.1% of the total variance. These six factors were named holistic thinking; fairness in access; accessibility; expert knowledge and skill; execution and performance; and culture and attitude. The results of stepwise regression also showed that above mentioned components could specify 59.5% of changes in effective application of ICT.

The main objective of this descriptive- correlative research was to study and analyze of factors influencing on development of using internet in the agricultural higher education from viewpoints of M. Sc students. The statistical population of the study consisted of 337 M. Sc students in the agricultural majors in the University of Zanjan. According to the Krejcie & Morgan Table، a sample size of 180 was selected using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with respondents based on a structured questionnaire. A panel of faculty members in the University of Zanjan established the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was used for the main scale of questionnaire، which scored from 0. 77 to 0. 84، confirming its appropriate reliability. The descriptive results showed that respondents have had the highest using of internet services in three fields of searching and finding general items from the internet، sending e-mails and searching and finding specialized topics related to educational fields from the internet. According to the findings of factor analysis، five factors namely availability to facilities، technical- environmental، educational، psychological and supportive explain 65. 1 percent of total variances of factors influencing on development of using internet in the agricultural higher education. Applying the finding of the study can help significantly to increasing the using internet by M. Sc agricultural majors in the University of Zanjan in the different research and educational activities and consequently improving their quality.

One issue that is raised as a constraint in rural development planning is related to budget allocation. Applying numerical taxonomy analysis, it is attempted to consider the contribution of ICT to growth and development in rural areas, and also review the experience of some countries in this field and thereby the villages in Tehran province have been ranked so that post offices can be transformed to ICT offices according to their prioritization. We selected the villages from 3371 hamlets based on 9 indicators: total population of village, the number of literates in the village, the number of students in the village, the ratio of literate to total population of village,, the ratio of students to total population of village, the ratio of employed to total population of village, the ratio of persons of ten years of age and more to total population of village, the ratio of ordinary household residence to total households, and the number of residential units. The present study shows among the villages in Tehran province 20 villages have higher priority for transforming their post offices to ICT offices.