greenhouse owners

The world is facing unprecedented environmental challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, and pollution. These challenges are serious threats to human welfare, economic development, and social stability. To face these challenges, there is a need for innovative solutions, such as green entrepreneurship, which can create positive environmental and social effects and economic value. Along with sustainable socioeconomic development, therefore, green entrepreneurship helps save the environment from destruction by maintaining the potential of the ecosystem, adaptation to climate change, water resource management, agricultural value chain improvement, the development of multi-functional agriculture, and the health of society. Greenhouses can present an alternative to transform and maintain a commercial and sustainable business over time. The growing number of greenhouse production systems has increased environmental concerns regarding energy consumption related to temperature control (heating/cooling), water resource management, excessive use of fertilizers, and agricultural chemicals. Green entrepreneurship in a greenhouse helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, grants environmental sustainability, and increases productivity by creating green economy opportunities. Paying attention to greenhouse cultivation and its development is one of the best strategies to change the cultivation pattern from traditional to scientific in arid and semi-arid provinces of Iran with limited water resources, including Golestan province. This region plays an important role in increasing production, employment, income, and productivity in water consumption and provides sustainable food security and water security. The development of greenhouse cultivation systems is necessary in Golestan province for continuous cultivation with environmental considerations, its superiority of the dry and semi-arid climate due to the increase in temperature, the dependence of agriculture on dry farming, the limitation of water resources, the decrease of rainfall, and the need to save and change cultivation. This research mainly aims to investigate the achievements that are realized through the establishment of green entrepreneurship in line with sustainability considerations in the production units of vegetable greenhouses.

The current research is an applied and descriptive study in terms of the objective data collection method, respectively, as well as inferential research with a variance matrix analysis and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the study includes all the vegetable greenhouse producers in Golestan province, among which about 70 people were selected by total population sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was completed in the field through interviews. Its internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The validity (face and content) of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the collective opinion of entrepreneurship and environmental experts and university faculty members. The convergent and discriminant validity of the model were respectively confirmed using the extracted mean variance index and the Fornell and Larcker matrix. Data were analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on the partial least squares method using Smart PLS version 3.0 software.

This research mainly aimed to categorize the explanatory components of the green entrepreneurship establishment from the viewpoints of vegetable and summer greenhouse owners with the CFA method in Golestan province. The green entrepreneurship achievements were identified using two groups of obvious and hidden variables. In total, achievement indicators with 18 items and 6 components were entered into CFA. According to the research, the achievements of the green entrepreneurship establishment to achieve the sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship were investigated in three economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The main components of the green entrepreneurship achievements based on the path coefficient (in brackets), respectively, include six components. (1) Promoting community health and safety behavior (0.833), (2) participation and empowerment of agriculture (0.814), (3) consumer satisfaction and trust (0.632), (4) product market guarantee (0.553), (5) competitiveness in the market (0.442), and (6) promoting green operations management (0.370).

Green entrepreneurship is a type of entrepreneurship with innovation, which helps improve the life quality of communities by following the principles of sustainable development and preserving the environment and optimal consumption to utilize creative opportunities for economic benefits in society. To achieve this goal, it is necessary that green entrepreneurship contribute to the context of education and promotion with cultural creation and media advertising in the field of healthy domestic product brands for culture-building and awareness of green products and to increase the demand for green products. Moreover, institutional and government support should be provided by subsidizing healthy production inputs, such as organic pesticides, genetically modified seeds, and subsidizing irrigation equipment (e.g., drip irrigation), soil testing, and chemical pesticide residues, to encourage farmers to produce green crops. Accordingly, coordination of different public and private sectors, development of local networking, promotion of local women and youth employment, support of green product production cooperatives, promotion of healthy crop insurance, and access to the electronic market for buying and selling green products can be synergistically and effectively help in achieving economic, social, and environmental sustainable development achievements of green entrepreneurship.

One of the most important strategies offered for agricultural development is the empowerment and participation of farmers and greenhouse owners in various dimensions. Undoubtedly, the activities of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system can play a significant role in this empowerment. Considering the importance of the topic, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of the empowerment of greenhouse workers, emphasizing the role of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system, using the phenomenological approach in Razavi Khorasan province. The statistical population of the research consists of agricultural Jihad experts, academic experts, private sector experts and managers of greenhouses in Razavi Khorasan province. Informed people were collected by snowball method and data were collected by in-depth interview and direct observation. Data analysis was done based on Claysey's model. The initial coding process was done by identifying the evidence from the written interviews for 30 interviews, and the result of this step is the identification of 149 primary codes. In the second stage, 21 formulated meanings were obtained, and by categorizing them, the research theme, which is the factors affecting the empowerment of greenhouse owners, was identified. As a result of the analysis of the findings, six main themes of the achievements and consequences of the agricultural knowledge and information system with emphasis on the ability of greenhouse farmers, drivers, strategies and strategies, moderating conditions (supportive and supportive policies), background conditions, Achievements and consequences were obtained.

The purpose of this descriptive- correlational study was to investigate factors affecting pesticide consumption behavior of greenhouse owners (three dimensions of consumption extent, consumption method and precautionary actions). The validity of questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts and to obtain its reliability, alpha Cronbach's coefficient calculated and it was higher than 0.7 for different parts of questionnaire. The statistical population consisted all greenhouse owners in Zanjan province (N=80) and based on Krejcsi and Morgan sampling Table and using randomized sampling method 66 greenhouse owners were selected. The result showed that 88.7 percent had medium and higher level of knowledge regarding pesticide. About 89.5 percent, used of pesticides more than normal. Using level of precautionary actions by 82.5 percent was high. There were positive meaningful correlation among pesticide consumption with age, job experience and income from greenhouse, but correlation with knowledge, mass media using and number of attended educational classes was negative. Also, precautionary actions had a positive meaningful correlation with knowledge, work hours, job satisfaction and greenhouse size. Multiple regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction, greenhouse size and knowledge were explained 33.5 percent of precautionary action. Also, age, mass media using and income from greenhouse were explained 57.9 percent of pesticide consumption.

The goal of this study was to assess the greenhouse owners’ attitudes toward of actors of knowledge and agricultural information system، and finding the factors affecting participation in this process. Methodology of this study was survey، descriptive - analytical. A sample of 122 greenhouse owners in the South Khorasan province was selected through census sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Results showed that the attitude of greenhouse owners towards extension experts، researches and private advisors is positive، while their views about universities and higher education institutes is more negative. Also the results of assessing the relationship between personal، professional and economical characteristics of greenhouse owners، and their views and attitude towards knowledge and agricultural information system have shown that there is no significant statistical relation between age، education variables and greenhouse owners attitude toward knowledge system and agricultural information; while there is a negative significant relationship at 95% between greenhouse cultivation experience، the production rate per unit area and greenhouse owners’ attitude towards knowledge and agricultural informationsystem. Kruskal-Wallis test results also showed that there is no significant difference between type of resource utilization، information source and attitudes of greenhouse owners towards agricultural knowledge and information systems.

The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing on knowledge of organic farming among greenhouse owners in the Varamin Township. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive-correlative. The research population consisted of 125 greenhouse owners in Varamin Township، which were selected using census method. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members and research committee advisors. Reliability analysis was obtained by the completion of 30 questionnaires outside the statistical sample and certainty coefficient of Cronbach’s Alpha was estimated 0. 81. The results showed that 13. 3، 44. 2 and 42. 5 percent of greenhouse owners expressed that their knowledge level about organic farming were weak، moderate and good respectively. Also the results of the multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) revealed that ecological situation، social participation and potential of observing organic agriculture innovation explained a variation of 70. 8 percent in knowledge level about organic farming by greenhouse owners.