مدل لاجیت

The agricultural products insurance is an efficient way to reduce the risk of activity in this field, which seeks to improve the economic productivity of the agricultural sector by encouraging farmers to insure their products. The success of it also depends on the farmers' willingness to produce insurance. Considering the importance of insurance in reducing risk and stabilizing the income of farmers, this research has investigated the factors affecting the decreased demand for wheat in Torbat Jam city. This research was conducted by completing questionnaire and sampling method available from 198 people from all wheat farmers of this city in the year of 2020-2021 and it was analyzed using logit model. Based on the information obtained from the Agricultural Jahad of this city, 72 of the farmers in the sample have taken out insurance for the wheat. The results of the showed that factors including the level of education, the area under cultivation of wheat, the years of history of the farmer facing the risk, the timely payment of compensation by the agricultural products insurance fund and the completeness of the level of coverage have a negative effect, and on the other hand, the variables of the amount of income from the sale of wheat, having sources of income other and the distance to the insurance office from the farmers' residence have a positive effect on not applying for insurance by the wheat farmers of this city. it is appropriate to the classification of agricultural risks according to regions.

Save John human lives along with providing ease of movement is one of the most important goals of traffic engineering processes. Pedestrians are one of the most important pillars of traffic, so vehicles and pedestrians are the main targets for traffic policing. Pedestrian walkways are places that are built for pedestrians in a variety of different applications. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the citizens' desire to no use pedestrian bridges. This research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose and its research method is analytical-descriptive. Data were collected through field survey and face-to-face interviews with 380 people in 2019 using stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were used to measure it. In this study Eviews statistical software and Logit model were used for data analysis.The results showed that one of the most important factors affecting students' unwillingness to use the Pedestrian is the height of stairs, fear of elevation, fines or encouragement, escalators, and the creation of mid-way streets. In the public users section of the park factor affecting to use the Pedestrian were the number of stairs, the level of awareness of the people and the construction of the overpass. These factors in the students sector include the slope and height of the stairs, fines or encouragement, escalator placement and waste of time, which in most cases are the same as the student section. Also, the most important factor in the student sector is the creation of the middle of the street, in the public user of park is number of stairs, and in the student sector was waste of time.Escalator construction gives incentives for more people to use the streets to cross the street. Also, standardizing the height and slope of stairs and creating a barrier in the middle of the street makes the public more inclined to use the slopes.

The increasing destruction of the Zagros forests ecosystem in recent years has doubled the need for valuation studies in this area. The progressive development of economic valuations methods in recent decade enables the application of the concept of payments for ecosystem services (PES) in order to conservation of forest biodiversity and habitate functions. In this study, the habitat value of North Zagros forests in Sarvabad basin of Kurdistan province was estimated through conditional valuation method (CVM) and logit model. For this purpose, 260 willingness to pay questionnaires based on Cochran's formula were completed. The internal consistency of the questionnaire items and the reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (77.6) and the validity of the items and questions was also judged by a group of related professors. The willingness to pay for habitat protection function was calculated through the logit regression model and using the median willingness to pay method. The expected amount of willingness to pay for the protection of the habitat value of the study area in this study was equal to 52825.8 Rials. Also, the annual value of habitat and wildlife protection of Sarvabad watershed was equal to 121254.6 million Rials and the annual conservation and habitat value of the whole basin (per hectare) was equal to 6.58 million Rials. The results confirms that people who have already visited the area, are members of environmental organizations, or have an environmental orientation are significantly more likely to accept a willingness to pay than those who do not.

The production of cereal seeds including wheat and barley as one of the most important strategic products is the largest seed production cycle in the country. One of the most important goals in the agricultural sector is the production and distribution of standardized and certified grain crops in a wide range. In this regard, the Agricultural Jihad organization and the private sector in Khorasan Razavi province have signed contract with the contractors who have the necessary conditions for the production of cereal seeds. During the growth period, the relevant technical experts conducted alternate visits to the farms to confirm seed propagation farms. The important problem with this is that around 30% of these farms do not endorse for many reasons, despite the high cost. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the economic and management factors affecting the confirmation of wheat and barley seed producers' farms. In the present study, by using cross-sectional data of 1391-92 and using Logit model, the factors affecting the confirmation of wheat and barley fields were investigated. The results showed that the variables of education level, total cropping area, use of technical experts, satisfaction of seed price and satisfaction of payment method by seed purchase companies had a positive and significant relationship, and the number of cultivars had a negative and significant relationship With dependent variable, confirmation of seed farms.

The Khabr National Park is the most important national park that is located in the South East of the country. It benefits from a great deal of animal and plant biodiversity and climate variability that are of great importance for rural recreation. Therefore, the National Park's valuation could explain its importance to the rural people and the tourists inside the park.as well as affect the decisions of the managers. The main aim of this study is to estimate the value of protecting the natural resources of this national park. The Logit model and a dual two-part selection method was used in order to investigate the factors affecting rural people and tourists’ willingness to pay. The data needed for this research study was collected by completing questionnaires and interviews with 228 persons from local people and tourists in 2015. This activity was carried out for three months using the Cochran general formula and random sampling was used. The results showed that factors such as gender, education, previous participation in promotional classes, participation in state institutions, being a local resident and income have a positive and significant effect while age and the proposed amount have a negative and significant effect on local people's willingness to pay (WTP). The per person’s average willingness to pay is about 180 thousand Rials and the per family’s average willingness to pay is about 800 thousand Rials per month. The results show that the rural people and the tourists inside the park and other tourists place a high value on the natural resources. Therefore, it is recommended that politicians and policy-makers pay special attention to these natural resources and invest more on maintaining and improving the quality of these resources.

The economic value can be recognized as an effective solution on the optimization of environmental policies. These systems provide necessary mechanism to increase social welfare. So, evaluating their values by means of numerical approaches could be properly effective. In this research, the recreational value of "Taleghan Dam" was determined by contingent valuation method. Considerable satisfactory elements were also determined by Logit method. Required data for this study has been collected by filling up 162 questionnaires. The results showed that willingness to pay for recreational utilize in Taleghan Dam touristy area was 3027 and 10534 Rials for each person and family, respectively. According to annually visitors of 120,000 persons, the overall recreational value of this tourist area has been reached to 1,264,033,200 Rials. Variables like family revenue, educational level, originality, and the fishery facilities have statistically positive significant effects on the individual willingness to pay for area environmental services. The elements of satisfactory among independent variables has a significant effect on the willingness to pay, while the time that people allocated to visit alternative places have the least effect.

One of the elements of echological static development is the valuation of environmental capitals. This concept of source valuation leads us to ask questions about the extent of environmental valuation which occurs in the economical level. In this research, the recreational value of the district was determined by means of Contingent valuation method in order to study the satisfaction value of the recreational district "Vashi Canyon and Savashi Water Fall ". The effective elements of the extent of this satisfaction were determined by Logit method. The willing to pay in order to get satisfaction from recreational use of Vashi Canyon and Savashi Water Fall was measured as 9082/7 Rial/person per visit. The result showed that variables like bid, month household income, education, satisfaction rate can have a meaningful effect on willingness to pay for using the satisfaction of the environment.. It seems also that we can exploit from ecotourism preferences to the maximum rate due to the support from private sector in order to make substantial equipments, to make inform, and to introduce the worthseeing places in the district.