انسجام

The historical core of a city shapes its identity and physical form, reflecting the city's growth and history. Creating a cohesive network of urban spaces that integrates old and contemporary areas is crucial. Bazaars historically exemplified this model but have undergone significant changes due to urban design and planning issues. This research aims to dissect the historical role of bazaars in shaping urban form and their impact on the overall spatial coherence of the city. The ultimate goal is to develop a conceptual model for creating a coherent urban space network. Such a network, emphasizing both structure and function, will contribute to the city's growth and prosperity. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study utilizes qualitative content analysis to extract key concepts related to the coherence of urban form and space networks. By analyzing the underlying structures of the content, a conceptual model is developed that reflects recurring and passive patterns. The research employs a three-round fuzzy Delphi method to validate the identified codes. Finally, the model is evaluated within the historical context of Kerman using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the constituent elements of urban form to create a coherent urban spaces network include street/bazaar, block/building, land use, and activity in two dimensions of structure and function. Assessing the model within Kerman's historical context reveals that bazaars serve as powerful centers organically shaped through micro-to-macro processes, significantly contributing to the city's spatial order and physical connections. Even in modern cities with designated streets, bazaars continue to play an essential role in maintaining structural integrity and functional coherence across neighborhoods.

"Promised expectation" is one of the concepts that have been prominent in the poetry of some ideological poets for a long time. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, religious and religious poets took on the responsibility of accepting and promoting the concepts of Mahdism. Alireza Ghazveh is one of the committed contemporary poets, who in some of his poems has explained the philosophy of waiting for the promise and by using the unifying elements and techniques of the text, he has reflected his Shiite beliefs and ideas in the mirror of his poems. In this research, with the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, the unifying factors of "expectation poems" and the proportion and contradiction of images and fantasy clusters in several poetry collections of Alireza Ghazveh were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that in the poetry collections "Ghatār-e Andimeshk, Eshgh alaih-e salam and Sobh-e banaras" the cohesive factors - along with other poetic meanings and themes - due to the poet's use of techniques such as deletion, repetition of words, synonyms, song and harmony, etc have a high frequency. The harmony of the elements of Alireza Ghazveh's poetry adds to the promotion of his religious teachings and the order and proportion between the concepts makes the poet do justice to the content in a worthy way and this harmony gives unity and integrity to the thought expressed in his poem.

Enclosed communities, which are also known as gated residential development, gated residential apartment, and settlement, are expanding and have become very popular among home buyers. Enclosed communities have limited public access and privatized public space with the aim of creating security and peace for their residents, and this enclosure has led to the creation of disjointed spaces that are separated and isolated from their outer urban environment. In fact, enclosed neighborhoods are a reflection of an urban unit that is physically, socially, and economically different from its surroundings and lacks cohesion. Examining the negative effects of these communities enclosed within themselves and the surrounding urban areas is a very important issue that has not been addressed much, and land traders and developers have expanded them without paying attention to it and trying to make more profit. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to identify these factors from the point of view of experts and space users, with the aim of investigating the degree of confinement in the neighborhood cohesion of the residents of Ekbatan and Ati Saz.
The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative type. This research has a nest to nest combination. To answer the research question, qualitative-quantitative research method nest by nest is used. In the qualitative method, a semi-structured interview is used to verify the variables extracted from the bases and also to assign the base variables to a case sample, and the obtained results are entered into the ATLAS.TI software to facilitate the coding, and open coding is used to extract the variables with a live approach. , description and interpretation takes place.
In a small part of the obtained variables, a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (1: the lowest level of perception of the individual about the effect of confinement on neighborhood cohesion; 5: the highest level of perception of the individual about the effect of confinement on neighborhood cohesion) is compiled and distributed among 384 people of space users. In this section, by using the factor analysis method, due to the multiplicity of variables for classification and also the effect of each of them in the residential complex of Ati Saz and Ekbatan, factor analysis with the Varimax method is used, and finally, the correlation of the determined coefficients in both Ekbatan and Ati Saz neighborhoods with Each other is taken and a fitting curve is drawn.
The results of the research show that Ekbatan and Atisaz neighborhoods are considered as one of the prosperous and active communities in Tehran. Also, because of their convenient location, they have been favored by the residents of Tehran. According to the investigations carried out in this research, in both neighborhoods, the factor of social cohesion is considered the most effective factor in the cohesion of the residents of both neighborhoods. The reason for this is that the enclosure and separation of Akbatan and Atysaz neighborhoods from the surrounding neighborhoods, both physically and socially, has caused problems such as social-cultural discontinuity in this area, which has consequences such as the fragmentation of the social fabric. The isolation and insularity of these two neighborhoods has caused the administration of this area to face problems and social participation in urban governance is decreasing. One of the most important problems caused by the lack of communication and connection between Ekbatan and Ati-saz neighborhoods with the surrounding neighborhoods is social disunity and segregation in this area, which, if appropriate decisions are not taken and the need for social cohesion of the area is not taken into account, can cause many problems in the future. The lack of communication and physical connection has also caused a gap in the body tissue and its lack of harmony with the surrounding environment. In addition to the mentioned issues, these neighborhoods also struggle with the issue of access and inefficient public transportation, and this has caused major changes in the process of citizens living in these neighborhoods.
Also, the most important factor affecting the cohesion of these two enclosed neighborhoods is social cohesion. After that, the following factors can be mentioned in order:Coherence in social communication, cohesion in the sense of belonging, cohesion in creating security, cohesion in governing organizations and cohesion in authority.

Looking at the history of architectural theories, and with reference to the opinions of thinkers, one can see architecture and rhetoric as mutually related throughout history. It seems that reflecting on this relationship can open up new horizons for architectural thought. But the changing meaning of rhetoric has resulted in a variety of relationship levels, resulting in different gifts for architecture.This paper starts with an exploration three different levels of relationships, resulting from three corresponding understandings of rhetoric. The first defines rhetoric as communication, the second as the art of speaking. But the third emanates from the thoughts of those design scholars who, whilst contemplating rhetorical relations and design matters, do not see use rhetoric as speech, communication or the art of speaking, but as an art of composition. From this point of view, rhetoric and architecture are both knowledges of composition. This paper argues that the latter has opened the door to the deepest understandings of rhetorical knowledge and the most fruitful link between rhetoric and architecture. In response to the haphazard literature associated with this view, the paper expands on rhetoric as 'the art of composition', and then moves on to identify three levels of rhetoric composition, namely, composing people's horizons (conviction), knowledges and insights. The important issue of architecture today, the paper argues, is the lack of shared horizons between architects and their audiences, as well as the lack of coherence between the various architectural knowledges and insights. By understanding rhetoric as the art of composition and linking architecture and rhetoric in the light of this understanding, one can look at architecture from a different perspective and restore the missing coherence in architecture.

In recent years, social capital has become one of the most popular concepts in the field of social theories. Today, the role of social capital is much more important than physical and human capital in organizations and societies. Without social capital, it becomes difficult to follow development paths. Considering the importance of this issue and the contradictory reports of the social capital situation in Sabzeh Maidan neighborhood of Isfahan city, the present research was conducted with the aim of measuring the level of social capital in this neighborhood. The sample size in this research is 285 residents of Sabze Meidan of Isfahan city, who were selected by simple random sampling. The research method was descriptive and analytical, and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. The findings of this research indicate that the level of social capital in the studied area is not in a desirable condition. Among the components of trust, cohesion, and participation, the component of participation was assessed to be in a relatively desirable condition.

In terms of the nature and type of study, it is a concept; in terms of the study method, it is descriptive-analytical. "Social solidarity" and "physical-spatial cohesion" are two interrelated concepts. It seems that one of the reasons for the decrease in this relationship should be sought in the lack of coordination and balance between the two. On the other hand, in Islamic cities, monotheism is one of the principles of Sharia in Islam. has brought. Thus, recognizing and manifesting the principles governing societies will be an operational strategy for the cohesion and integrity of the environment. The results showed that among the indicators that make the mosque as a cohesive element in the city are unity, unity of the nation and the behavior of the mosque as the most important criteria for the decisive role of the mosque. Also, the mosque and its impact on its surrounding area, in the chaotic and unfavorable conditions of the urban structure, is a quick-return strategy on a micro and metropolitan scale. The design of the mosque in a way that meets the requirements of its time will turn the worldview in the living space into objectivity. In addition to meeting the material and spiritual needs in the living space, the mosque has always been unifying and an indicator of the identity of Islamic-Iranian neighborhoods.

Problem statement: Coherence as a necessary quality in the physical, social, and economic life of cities has been less attended by urban planners in modern times, to the extent that the scattering and deterioration of the urban fabrics, and in particular the existing metropolises, can be attributed to the lack of attention to this quality in the planning and design of modern cities. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of attention to the existence of different approaches to studying the form, the structure and the absence of an integrated approach and criteria and principles that can be used to assess the degree of coherent form and structure.
Research aim and question:Therefore, this research seeks to elaborate the principles for evaluating the coherence of the physical form and developing a conceptual model. In this regard, this research aims to answer the question of what are the common principles between different approaches and theories about the physical form, and how do these approaches define the coherent relationship between the elements of the form? Research method: In this regard, this research has used a qualitative content analysis method to draw out the concepts of separated text data (by study approaches that relate to the coherence of form and structure), and Finally, this study achieved a theoretical model or framework by extracting the texts abstract levels which reflects the passive and repetitive patterns in the content. The results show that the three main elements of the form, including street, land use and building, play an important role in creating coherence, and the street is the most important element in the connection and linking of the other two elements. Also, the mix and diversity criteria in the land-use and the size criterion in the building are considered to be important criteria for measuring the coherence of the urban form. On the other hand, linking and integrating as the most important criterion for creating coherence, must be formed on the basis of two fundamental principles of scale and hierarchy, so that the elements of the form in different structural parts (center, main axis, and zone) are connected together in a coherent way

Infill development, the inevitable necessity of the city in the face of uncontrolled urbanization, is the creeping of city towards suburban and urban sprawl. However, the effect of paying attention to its consequences on the city's structure in improving future actions requires us to pay focal attention to evaluation in spite of its being carried out later in comparison to the early stages of development. It is also found inevitable to evaluate the success of each development over time in accordance with the objectives identified by urban institutions and national plans. Although the growth of city emerges gradually and is the result of the complex interaction of various and sometimes hidden factors over time, the reflection of all major decisions and influential factors, both physical and functional, is progressively updated in the mental content of the inhabitants. Based on this, the rate of mental convergence and citizens’ consensus for further interactions can be indicative of making due decisions at the beginning of the formation and coherence of successful development in the level of interactions of the section added to the field in terms of function and space. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of infill development in a case study of Danesh Alley in Tabriz city after the residents’ three decades of settlement in the old neighborhood of Imamiyeh using the criteria extracted out of the principles of contextualism and their effect on the mental content of the residents.

This paper examines the intervallic organization and coherency in Shostakovich’s music, both in a movement as a whole and in a particular segment, for instance, in a harmonic progression. The questions revealed are: “What are the factors that result in coherency and certain sonorities in Shostakovich’s music?” “How did he consider intervals of the materials?” To this end, in the first step, the focus is on the mottos such as “DSCH” and “SASCHA” in Shostakovich’s works. Whereas previous studies about DSCH aimed at exploring the origins of DSCH and its direct use in Shostakovich's music, this paper tries to find implied or indirect use of the motto in harmonic progression and in alteration of diatonic modes. Inasmuch as they apparently represent certain qualities and sonorities in most of his works, studying the potentiality of the mottos is helpful to find the intervallic correlation. In other words, Shostakovich not only used these mottos directly but also benefitted from their potentiality in melodic lines, harmonic progressions, scales, and finally in forming the intervallic structures of a movement. As a case in point, analyzing Quartet No.8 illustrates that transposition of DSCH and its simultaneous use as a harmonic progression. It further demonstrates that these mottos are a way to select certain intervals and to use them in different aspects of a piece to achieve coherency in music. On the other hand, Shostakovich’s works can be seen as a struggle between tonality and atonality. Especially in the last decade of his life, he had a tendency toward twelve-tone rows. Therefore, in the second step, the focus of this paper is on the approach of Shostakovich toward dodecaphony. Similar to mottos, the same approach toward selecting intervals in choosing the rows seemed to be functioning. In other words, Shostakovich’s favorite intervals and intervallic organization can be seen in the rows, too. One of the most important points about Shostakovich’s application of dodecaphony is his different approach toward dodecaphony compared with the Second Viennese School. He used different rows along with tonal elements in the same piece. However, it may pose the risk of incoherency. It can be observed, therefore, that dodecaphony doses not have the pivotal role in making in his work coherent but his intervallic organization, which similar to his approach in choosing mottos, results in coherency. Analyzing several instances extracted from his works, the paper will test the conclusion that some common features result in coherency and specific sonorities of his music. One of these factors is the presence of cell 3-5 which can be found in different works such as symphony No.15. It should be noted that using dodecaphonic rows and atonal elements did not damage the coherency of Shostakovich’s music whilst also resulting in a unique musical language in his works. Indeed, Shostakovich enriched tonal materials by atonal elements. Therefore, his approach toward the material, both in selecting mottos and dodecaphonic rows, can be described as a systematic intervallic organization which leads to coherency of his works.

The objective of this paper is to examine the coherence and consistency of the masses and the public space in urban areas. The continuity and integrity of one of the main criteria is the quality of urban spaces. Mainly indigenous and traditional spaces such quality criteria. The paper claims that now, both practical and theoretical areas of urban and environmental design associated with the main challenges are in the field. The result is that, in theory, theoretical approaches to this issue and no recall was necessary in practice, many urban areas lack the coherence and cohesion is necessary. The present article is a phenomenological approach - psychological, the continuity and coherence of urban public spaces and buildings studied and integration criteria of the urban public spaces is investigated. Phenomenological approach, limited to the study of urban public spaces according to their specific circumstances regardless of causal factors were; The psychological approach, the role of public perception and understanding of the continuity of the building and the city's public spaces of the city; In this conjunction buildings and public spaces in the city, a function of the continuity of physical space, spatial, social activity, and symbolic introduced.

The magnificent status of Jean Pierre Richard in the intellectual movements and schools of criticism in the present and past century, the importance of his view of thematic criticism, and the unique method of this competent criticism in analyzing and studying artistic works, have all in all made him an influential founder of the kind of criticism which is exceptional in its type. Indeed, the particular feature of his critical method is that- apart from any predicted law or any preset theory- he tries to sympathize with each work in order to find its special and unique personal project. In the present article I will try to first have a glance at the thematic criticism from Gaston Bachelard’s point of view to an examination of Jean Pierre Richard’s method in the territory governed by the imagination of artists. And in order to study Richard‘s critical point of view, it is, in fact, impossible not to consider the movement in which he has elaborated his works. After a quick reference to thematic criticism and his influence of Bachelard, I will introduce the critical method of Jean Pierre Richard on the imaginary world. Finally, I will present some ways of reading that method proposes.