جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تحلیل عاملی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

the results of this study showed that poor Individuals suffer from various constraints that therefore aim to identify areas of poverty in the city of tuyserkan and for this purpose all indices extracted from statistical blocks have been used.the results of the integration of the indicators showed that there were very poor zones in central districts of the city in 1390, but in the last year it has formed a cluster in the north, north - west and around the central region. Overall, in 2011, the city of tuyserkan has a very poor, poor, affluent, affluent, affluent area of the city centre, but has been disrupted by the past five years. According to findings of the poverty zone in 1390, it covers about 37/6% percent of the area and 40/47% percent of the population, with an increase in 1395 per year to 54/58% percent, and 68/32% percent of the population. On the other hand, the field of wellbeing is estimated at about 28/75% of the area and 20/98% of the population in 1390, which has decreased to 20/15% per cent and 10/57% per cent in 1395 per year. The Moran's index also showed that spatial autocorrelation was more than 90 in the year 95 and the final pattern of poverty in the city of tuyserkan was in both cluster periods. On the whole, it can be said that the direction and direction of the town of tuyserkan is greater in order to be poor.

Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. The concept of "governance" is not new. It is as old as human civilization. Simply put "governance" means: the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). Nowadays, countries claiming democracy are trying to achieve sustainable urban development by applying a new approach called good urban governance. Good governance relates to the political and institutional processes and outcomes that are necessary to achieve the goals of development. The true test of 'good' governance is the degree to which it delivers on the promise of human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. The present study tries to analyze the situation of urban management in Iran (Shiraz) based on the issues of good urban governance. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary studies and field survey. The variables of good urban governance (consisting of 19 variables) were extracted from previous articles and they were used to design questionnaire questions. In this research quantitative and analytical model are used include exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression. The process of selecting samples is purposeful and systematic, and the sample community was selected from among the regular visitors to the secretariat of the architecture and urban planning department of Shiraz municipality. Based on statistical principles and concepts, the number of samples is considered equal to 200 people. In the following, the data obtained from the questionnaires have been entered into the SPSS software. The output of the factor analysis model of good governance in Shiraz shows that it depends on improving the factors of "institutional capacity of organization", "transparency", "efficiency and effectiveness", "public acceptance", "citizenship" and "participation". Findings of this study show a considerable part of good urban governance factors and indicators have significant similarities with each other. But one of the differences that can be seen in this research with similar researches is the emphasis of this research on an important factor under the title of " institutional capacity of organization" in order to apply the concepts and criteria of good urban governance in the structure of local, regional and national governments. This factor emphasizes the important point that with the creation of institutional capacity in the society and the strengthening of non-governmental organizations, the two-way connection between the people and officials, which are the two main pillars of local management and urban development, has been accelerated other Governance factors. The main output of this study indicates that the two factors of "efficiency and effectiveness" and "transparency" play the most important role in achieving good urban governance. Also, in the case of Shiraz Municipality as the main body in the management of this city, the greatest challenge and distance to achieve good governance can be seen in the factor of "citizenship" and "institutional capacity of organization". In the following, some prominent suggestions are presented in order to promote good governance in the city of Shiraz: Changing the attitude of local managers towards city management as a dynamic, continuous process that requires the alignment of the interests of different groups; Facilitating people's presence and participation in city affairs and communication with managers; Increasing the sense of place and belonging through citizen participation in activities such as beautifying the environment; Citizenship education and familiarizing citizens with the concept of citizenship rights.

Iran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and the location of the earthquake, or physical aspects of buildings and urban areas. In the analysis of the impacts of natural hazards, three broad categories have been defined: 1) focus on natural hazard's biophysical impacts because of the place it occurs; 2) focus on hazard's impacts on societies that experience the hazard because of the social characteristics of those societies and 3) an approach that takes into account both of impacts. This article takes the second approach to analyze the effects of natural hazards. In this approach, social characteristics of the communities and societies, in which earthquake happens, come to center stage. Social vulnerability is one of the important aspects of earthquake risks and consequences. In addition, the progress of communication and transportation technologies and an increase in agricultural production surplus because of the Industrial Revolution has caused many rural settlers to migrate to cities. The increasing population raise in cities has led to many economic, social and environmental consequences, of which excessive horizontal and leapfrog development (which is called urban sprawl in scientific literature) is one. In this article urban sprawl is defined as: "unplanned, far-from-center and automobile-accessed growth of cities which has environmental, economic and social effects and is characterized by low density, segregation of land-uses and limited accessibility". In this research, at first theoretical literature of urban sprawl and social vulnerability were reviewed and the indicators for measuring them were chosen (13 for urban sprawl and 7 for social vulnerability) and the relevant data for Qazvin was extracted by using national census data and Geographic Information System (GIS). Then explorative factor analysis for eigenvalues bigger than 1 was conducted by using SPSS software and the indicators for sprawl were categorized into 4 factors: “density”, “configuration”, “land-use” and “accessibility” (70.22% of variance explained), and the indicators for social vulnerability were grouped in 1 factor: social vulnerability (66.9% of variance explained). Then the maps for each factor of sprawl and two main topics (sprawl and social vulnerability) were made. The correlation analysis was conducted on four factors of sprawl, social vulnerability factor (which is representative of social vulnerability altogether) and sprawl as a whole. The results show that from 4 factors of sprawl, just density factor has a significant correlation (0.801) with social vulnerability. Sprawl is also significantly (although weaker) correlated to social vulnerability (0.44). In addition, regression analysis showed that four factors of sprawl can explain 67.6% of the variance of social vulnerability. The relation between social vulnerability and density/sprawl is positive/negative, i.e. by an increase in density/decrease in sprawl, social vulnerability increases. Finally, the maps of sprawl and social vulnerability in Qazvin city districts and the map of potential districts for development are shown based on the correlation of sprawl and social vulnerability.

Today's city, as an obvious effect of contemporary civilization, should think about something beyond the design of buildings and transportation networks, it is necessary to create spaces that match today's needs. In these spaces, a soul is searched for that gives meaning and variety to the city. Urban open spaces are the basis of communication and social interactions of citizens. The existence of these spaces is very effective and even necessary to prevent depression, isolation and violence. Recreational green spaces are one of the recreational spaces that can bring social vitality to cities as one of the urban spaces. In this article, by using theoretical studies, while expressing the concept of urban public spaces and the need to pay attention to them, the role of parks as an example of urban public spaces in promoting the social life of cities and relaxing Tehrani citizens and spatial development with a hierarchical analysis approach should be considered. The information required for this research is a combination of statistical, documentary, library, analytical and especially field methods obtained through the relevant departments, and ARC View and ARC GIS software were used for better statistical analysis. The findings of the research show that the following things are necessary in order to improve the green spaces of Tehran province: 1. Greater cooperation of the municipality to create green spaces in relation to the lands assigned to the municipality and to allocate unused, dilapidated or suitable places. Abandoning the creation and construction of green spaces; 2. Emphasis on encouraging policies and persuading residents to collect fine-grained parts or use excess density or change of use privilege in exchange for handing over a part of residential land for the construction of neighborhood and regional parks and green spaces; 3. Using public participation in the creation, preservation and maintenance of green spaces and 4. Compiling the comprehensive plan of green spaces.

Housing is one of the basic social indicators that determines the quality of life and well-being of people and places. Today, the concept of housing plays a vital role in achieving sustainable development. Therefore, housing development as a multidimensional issue is one of the most important goals of urban planning and management. This study has been compiled with the aim of reviewing and analyzing housing quality indicators in the neighborhoods of Amol City. The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The required data has been extracted from the statistical blocks of Amol City in 2016 census. The results obtained from the factor analysis method showed that 4 main factors affect the quality of housing in the neighborhoods of Amol City, explaining a total of 86% of the variance. Housing quality zoning showed that, in total, the suitable residential region covering 55% of the area and including 66% of the city population is more concentrated in the western half of Haraz River and along the north-south axis while the unsuitable residential region covering 24% of the area and 21% of the population can be seen in old, worn and surrounding textures connected to the urban area, in the western, northeastern, and eastern zones of the city. According to the cluster analysis method, the neighborhoods of Amol City are classified into five clusters; in the first cluster, there are 4 neighborhoods and 24% of the total housing; in the second cluster, there are 2 neighborhoods and 9% of the total housing; in the third cluster, there are 3 neighborhood and 9% of the total housing; in the fourth cluster, there are 2 neighborhoods and 6% of the total housing; and in the fifth cluster, there are 9 neighborhoods and 50% of the total housing of the city.

Stress in urban life can be a breeding ground for mental disorders. In addition to being an important cause of physical and mental illness, urban stress also increases the rate of moral anomalies in the city and reduces the security of citizens. For this reason, it is necessary for urban planners and designers to consider the peace of mind of citizens as an important principle in their plans and designs, and to avoid actions that cause this mental disorder. However, although many studies in the last century have examined the relationship between urbanization and stress and effective solutions to it with different approaches, so far no studies on urban planning stress therapy to consider all the indicators affecting urban stress and there is no effective strategic planning based on the results. Moreover, Tehran is the sixth most stressful city in the world, according to the Zipjet Institute. For this reason, it is very important to conduct theoretical studies in this field and formulate urban planning for stress therapists in this city. But due to its large scope, doing such research requires a lot of time and money. For this purpose, in this study, after determining the general indicators, using the Delphi technique, District 8, District 1 of Tehran Municipality has been selected as the study sample. The research method in this research is descriptive-explanatory and is based on the purpose of applied research. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect information and factor analysis was used to analyze them. Then the urban stressors have been identified and a strategic document has been presented.The findings of the research indicate that the stress factors caused by the access system, poor social and economic status, low security, lack of cohesion and social support, differentiation and social isolation, lack of resilience of the urban environment, lack of vitality of the environment, negative feelings of residents, discrimination and social displacement, stress caused by crowding, low sense of identity and belonging are the most important stressors in the study area. As a result, by considering these factors as micro-objectives, urban planning can reduce urban stress in the studied area to a great extent. This research develops the theoretical and empirical findings of previous studies. As a result, with the implementation of this research, the psychological pressure that is imposed on the citizens of this area can be reduced to a great extent. This research provides a suitable method for measuring and identifying urban stressors to urban planners who seek to reduce urban stress.. Applying the factor analysis approach in recognizing and analyzing urban contexts in terms of stress and developing a strategic document corresponding to stressful factors in other parts or the whole city of Tehran and developing a comprehensive mental health program in this city can be very effective in this field.

Urban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stability and democracy in urban societies. Considering the importance of participation in neighborhood development and urban management, the aim of this research is to adopt a neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in the revitalization of worn-out urban tissues and to identify the most important criteria that have the greatest effect on neighborhood-oriented participation in the revival of worn-out tissues. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. Sampling was purposeful and out of 308 households in the neighborhood, 50 heads of households were selected for questioning using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 93%. The results were analyzed through SPSS software, including path analysis tests and factor analysis tests. The results of the analysis showed that the indicators related to social dimensions; Economic and management have had the greatest impact on worn-out tissues of Sartpoule neighborhood of Sanandaj city with weighted average (4.45, 3.739, 5.112). Also, through path analysis, the factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the improvement of the quality of the worn tissues of the target area were identified.

Studying the housing market at the national level does not necessarily reflect the characteristics of this market at the regional level. Therefore, the concept of submarkets or housing submarkets was proposed by researchers. Housing submarkets are a set of dwellings that have similar characteristics. They are reasonably close substitutes for one another, yet relatively poor substitutes for dwelling in other submarkets. Identifying housing submarkets makes it possible to predict housing prices more accurately. Moreover, it helps planners and policymakers to make better decisions. Despite the importance of this issue, few studies have analyzed housing submarkets in developing countries. In this article, spatial analysis of housing submarkets in 22 districts of Tehran City has been considered. The results of two stages of factor analysis on 22 variables consisting of housing structure and characteristics of housing supply and demand variables show a significant relationship between 21 variables. These variables have been reduced to 6 factors: price and ownership of housing, ability to provide housing, land and housing supply, spatial characteristics, environmental characteristics, and welfare status of households. Then, the districts of Tehran are divided into 5 clusters of the housing submarket by cluster analysis. Comparing the average variables in different submarkets will clarify a huge difference between them. So that the average price of each square meter of residential land and each square meter of residential infrastructure in submarket 1 is 5.7 times and 3.4 times that of submarket 5, respectively. Location indicators also show significant differences between submarkets. It seems that the difference in the level of facilities and services is one of the determining factors of housing prices in Tehran. Submarkets with higher housing prices have higher facilities and services. Therefore, it is not possible to plan for all regions with the same policy, and the difference in housing characteristics in submarkets should be taken into consideration.

The creation of new towns has profound effects on various aspects of human life and ecosystems due to the huge volume of activities carried out, the resources consumed and the significant population group that it attracts. In contemporary urban planning, many of these effects of projects and developments on people’s health have been ignored, while today human health and the environment are the focus of sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these projects in terms of their effects on various aspects of citizens’ lives, especially their health. In recent years, the appropriate method to do this is to “Health Impact Assessment”. Health impact assessment is a combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a policy, program or project is judged in terms of its potential impacts on the health of a community, and the distribution of these effects within the population is also examined. In Iran, according to paragraph (b) of clause (32) of the Law on the Fifth Strategic Development Plan, the preparation of a national health annex is required for large development projects, such as the creation of new towns. Therefore in this research, Sadra New town project has been evaluated for health impacts. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the health of Sadra residents and to investigate the possible impacts (positive or negative) of these factors on health and the severity of the impact of each of these factors. For this purpose, by examining the indicators extracted from the literatures and using the exploratory factor analysis method, health factors in Sadra city were identified and after identifying these factors in the form of prioritized factors, the positive or negative impacts of each using the opinions of Sadra town residents in the form of a questionnaire was used with the help of univariate t-test. The results showed that all the variables of the 12 factors extracted from the exploratory factor analysis test, except for the two variables “air quality” and “water quality” have negative effects on health.

One of the latest urban development strategies that emphasizes the importance of culture and art in the urban development process is the idea of creative city. Creative city is a cultural approach of urban development that emphasizes the improvement of the citizens’ life quality through the attraction and development of people's talents and creativity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cultural factors on the formation of creative Irani-Islamic city. For this purpose, the indicators of creative city were collected by using library method and document analysis and in order to examine the degree of compliance of the indicators with Islamic-Iranian criteria, we used the opinions and views of students, professors of religious sciences and professors of urban planning. The sample size includes 230 people to complete the indicators identification questionnaire and 15 people for in-depth interviews. Using factor analysis, the cultural factors of creative Irani-Islamic city were divided into four groups including development of culture and art, literature and visual arts, social and intellectual freedom, and political freedom. The results of the research include cultural and artistic indicators of the Iranian-Islamic creative city, "increasing the level of literacy of the people", "access to reliable library resources and new writings" and "increasing the quantity and quality of press and publications" are among the most important cultural and artistic indicators. "People from other cities and countries have the last three priorities to create demographic and cultural diversity," "expand the art of music," "increase the number of music shops and schools." Finally, in order to extract strategies, in-depth interview technique and content analysis have been used.

It's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by using CPTED(Crime Prevention Through environmental design) and its strategies which previously had been discussed by Oskar Neman via protect's spaces. Second set of studies are related to quarters inhabitants' social characteristics, such as neighborhood, taking responsibilities, have a feeling of belongings to a place, social capital, cultural patterns and other variables that have been among a wide range of focused social factors in this research. Many fields of studies by considering some concepts, compare summary of netted problems. Historically, safety is perceived as an important factor in social life of every society. We can state that, city expansion and safety are two linked compartments that are followed by city sustainability, in a manner that the absence of one would cause some problems for the others and might bring obstacles for it. During recent decades, Civil researchers became vigilant about the role of architecture and city construction via making decisions and policies to create a desirable place and found some defensible theories of preventing crime by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and environmental crime identification. Evidences shows that researches about the linkage between environment and behavior are very rampant. Nevertheless, hypothesis and processes of CPTED have been poorly tested. Sari city, reaches Mazandaran Sea from north and it reaches Alborz range of mountain from south, according to 2016 census, it's population was 347,402 people and the rate of population growth till 2026 is equal to 1.9 %. In this study, by various inhabitants' behavioral variables such as place ownership and realm protection, the sense of crowd and lack of control on environment, and anatomical variables with subsets such as place ownership, defensive privacy according to CPTED subsystems, by explicating safe habitable places in Sari city we try to figure out how can we adjust them to CPTED characteristics? Cities are sustainable and Complicated economic and social systems that deteriorate if their imbalances, such as security, are not controlled. It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents (isolation, affinity, tolerance and anonymity) on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security. One of the newest approaches to urban security is Crime prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED). It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security.Given the success of the CPTED model in different parts of the world, it is hoped that according to the hypotheses, by explaining the patterns of safe residential environments in the city, it can be adapted to CPTED characteristics and the relationship between physical environment characteristics and behavioral characteristics of residents in residential spaces. The present study, which is a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a quantitative research approach, evaluates the components of CPTED under the hypothesis that in the course of the research, documentary and library methodology was first used to systematically review the relevant resources to identify the main CPTED criteria. Physical and social cognition of Tabarestan neighborhood through the distribution of a questionnaire extracted from the components of residents' behavioral patterns and characteristics of the physical environment, purposefully and the analysis of qualitative data, the degree of importance of each criterion was evaluated to aim to examine the relationship between physical environment and residents' behavior Determinants in designing a safe urban environment and using descriptive statistics in GOF certification, using factor analysis model, using inferential statistics through the criterion of research hypotheses and using Kolmogorov-Smrinov test using analysis of 384 questionnaires in the present model of G-years for 98 and 99 It was calculated that it shows a strong overall fit of the model, all research hypotheses are confirmed and conclude the presentation of the CPTED conceptual model with challenges in generations of this concept.

Paying attention to issues related to evaluation, decision making and selection has beenone of the most controversial topics today, and in most cases, not only all the factorsinfluencing the evaluation and selection are not considered, but also the set of factors andvariables considered are not agreed upon by experts. Hence, in this research the issueof identifying factors and variables effective in increasing productivity in the field ofrestoration and reuse of historic buildings has been addressed, and the research is basedon the question that what factors should be considered in order to increase productivityin the evaluation and selection of restoration projects and reuse of historical houses inIran and how important is each of the factors? According to this, the purpose of theresearch is identifying effective variables in evaluating and selectiong restoration projectsand reuse of historic houses with the approach of increasing efficiency and determiningdegree of importance in restoration and reuse of historical houses. In this manuscriptby taking advantage of survey research and through the preparation of questionnaire,experts’ views and opinions on the subject were collected and after doing the validationby factor analysis method, the variables were allowed to be extracted entitled “EffectiveFactors of increasing efficiency and Restoration of Iran Houses”. Each factor was derivedfrom several independent variables and was ranked depending on their significance. Theresults of the questionnaire analysis revealed eight main factors associated with increasingefficiency in houses including: “Protecting Values”, “Efficiency Management”, “Support”,“Uses Determination (Revival)”, “General principles of protection”, “Maintenance”,“Adaptation”, “Execution (Restoration)”. Among the factors determined, “ProtectingValues” gained the most importance. Finally, by obtaining the reliability coefficient ofeach of the factors, it was possible to evaluate and select the restoration projects andincrease their productivity and obtain the total factors agreed upon by the experts.

the aim of this study is to improve safety and provide reliable and efficient pedestrian movement facilities and is one of the main axes of urban planning and design . due to the increasing day of designer and designer interventions based on auto city and negative consequences of this , it is necessary to pay attention to the concept of walkability and moving toward the formation of new cities . the main objective of this research is comparative study of the factors of walkability in the neighborhoods of north and south of narmak . the present study is an applied research and the method of research is descriptive - analytical and quantitative . the method of gathering information is library , documents as well as survey methods have direct observation and questionnaire . according to the main purpose of this study to compare the walkability in the target neighborhoods , the comparison of means and also to determine the factors of walkability in the target neighborhoods , factor analysis technique was used in spss software . the results show that the average of walkability in the seven - basin neighborhood is higher than the north - abad district . the most important factor of walkability is the " neighborhood services diversity " with explained variance , whereas in the seven districts of narmak , the " environmental quality " with explained variance was identified as the first factor and factor loadings .

Identification of Information Technology and Management Indicators to Construct an Iranian-Islamic Creative City: A Case Study on Isfahan Metropolis in Iran In this research we have employed a descriptive - analytical method and its main data comes from a questionnaire survey. After extracting the required indices of creative city from existing literature, we classified them into different sections. In this study a total of 230 religious students and scholars in Isfahan religious schools were interviewed. Factor analysis was used to categorize the selected indicators. Finally, by using factor analysis, selected indicators were reduced to four categories including: 1) development of new information technology infrastructures, 2) efficient management, 3) foreign relations and management policies and 4) women participation in urban management.

The city is a living being that provides the connection between man and the environment, and is an arena for interaction between the two. In recent decades, the urban population has increased, which, along with its benefits, has also led to problems. Also, the capacity of cities, especially in the cities of developing countries, is not commensurate with the volume imposed on them, and as a result, more problems arise. Thus, on one hand, the growth of urban population in all urban neighborhoods, both old and organic, as well as new and designed neighborhoods, is increasing, and in turn has created new problems for urban communities and citizens; On the other hand, solving many urban problems on a smaller scale, such as in the neighborhood, can be achieved through basic neighborhood planning. As a result, due to the upward trend of urbanization, urban planners try to solve these problems and provide solutions and planning models for it such as participation processes from bottom to top to minimize adverse environmental effects and increase quality of life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the feasibility of neighborhood planning. The current study is an applied research and examines the issue with a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. case study is Sangalaj neighborhood of Tehran. Methods such as data processing (observation, questionnaire) have been used. The sample size according to Nimen sampling method is 264 people. As a result, 264 questionnaires have been completed in Sangalaj neighborhood of Tehran. Factor analysis has been used to obtain information. The results also show that factors affecting the implementation of neighborhood planning are based on issues such as neighborhood services, neighborhood safety and security, neighborhood structure, social capital, transportation system, construction, neighborhood jobs, civil society., Participation and Inclusive housing, which has the greatest impact on the neighborhood scale.

Iran is an earthquake-prone country that many cities have experienced the earthquake. Magnitude of earthquake damage not only depends on physical destructions, but also one of the major dimensions of earthquake hazards is social vulnerability. In this research, after reviewing the theoretical literature, selected indicators for urban sprawl and social vulnerability were chosen and data were extracted from census data of Iran and Geographic Information System (GIS) for Qazvin. Then, using exploratory factor analysis with SPSS software, these indexes were used for urban sprawl overhead in four factors of density, configuration, user and access (with explanation of variance 70.22%) and in one factor for social vulnerability (with explanation of variance 66.9%) and their maps were prepared. It was clarified that among four factors of urban sprawl only density has significant relationship (0.801) with social vulnerability. The urban sprawl phenomenon also shows a weaker but still significant correlation (0.440) with social vulnerability. Regression analysis showed that urban sprawl factors can explain 67.6% of social vulnerability. The relationship between vulnerability and density/urban sprawl is positive/negative. It means that increasing social density /decreasing urban sprawl will lead to social vulnerability decreasing as well. At the end, urban sprawl and social vulnerability maps and potential development map of Qazvin city are presented based on relationship between these two phenomena.

The dominance of vehicles in the urban spaces of Iran has continuously decreased the human scale and degraded social values. Unfortunately, the issue of human-centered designs has been rejected in many cities of Iran. The central square of Bam city is one of these spaces. In this study, with regard to the importance of social life in public urban spaces as one of the main elements of the city and public sphere, the effective factors of improving social life in urban spaces are identified. The focus of this identification is on the element of enclosure and the role and significance of each factor in flourishing social activities. The nature of this study is descriptive-analytical, and it has a practical purpose. The study investigates the views of 83 participants in SPSS software with factor analysis and attractiveness measurement model. The results indicate that from a total of 35 identifiers extracted from the literature and the views of experts, 3 main factors (physical-spatial, activity-performance and preceptive-conceptual) are determined with 29 identifiers, which play a significant role in improving social life in urban spaces with focus on enclosure and sociability. Moreover, it was found out that the revitalization of these factors is important in improving social and optional activities without a ffecting compulsory activities. At the end, the results showed that enclosure is the fundamental principle of urban spaces and architectural design, and that the space is in fact begins with enclosures. The observance of the factors identified in this study may turn urban spaces to spaces that are sociable for people in connection with other principles of architectural design.

This paper examines the relationship between urban Sprawl and urban compaction with quality of life. By technology progress and the use of fast means of transportation, the deployment of citydwellers was possible in rural areas around the city. However, due to problems in urban centers (such as high price of housing and land, over population jamming, etc.) population is poured into the suburb and on the other side due to the existence of highways, they were able to meet their requirements easily by refering to urban centers where it was caused spread cities horizontally. Urban sprawl event was stared at the united states in twentieth century then it was taken in to place in other countries like Iran. And surely conseques of this event have had some effect on quality of life (positive or negative). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of urban sprawl on the quality of life and the sample is Khoramdareh city. The main question in this study is that if the urban sprawl affects on the quality of life and how much is it? Therefore, after the study and examination of the theories, concepts and approaches to the phenomenon of urban sprawl and quality of life, the global experiences in respect of sprawl and quality of life and indicators of their measurement was investigated. First in the evaluation of case study, causing factors of dispersion in Khoramdareh was analyzed and then urban sprawl was investigated by examining 13 factors in 12 urban district. It was divided into sprawl district (1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12 neighborhoods) and compact districts (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 neighberhoods). Then urban neighberhoods of Khoramdareh gradation based on sprawl from 1 until 12 dirges (11, 12, 10, 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 6 neighberhoods). Also quality of life by 18 indexes and questionnaire design by 18 indexes and by filling it in Khoramdeh selected neighberhoods (1 and 11 neighborhoods from sprawl district and 6 and 8 neighborhoods from compact district) were evaluated. The number of questionnaires was calculated by Cochran formula and the number rose to 130 in the four neighberhoods of Khoramdeh and by Using of this technique, the samples were made to collect data. Then the questionnaire data were analyzed and summarized by using of descriptive statistics tools (tables and charts) and finally analyzed by using of inferential statistical techniques and the results was granted with a certain confidence level of extension. Used analysis includes: Mann-Whitney Test and t Test by using of SPSS16 software and exploratory factor analysis by using the LISREL 8.5 software. The results show that the quality of life in 1 and 11 neighborhoods (ave = 2/5) is upper than the quality of life in 6 and 8 neighborhoods (Average = 2/22), with 95 percent confidence level. And then by this 95 percent confidence level, it can be said that quality of life in sprawl neighberhoods is upper than the quality of life in compact neighborhoods.