تحلیل محتوا

 Iran faces significant challenges in utilizing renewable energy, including dependence on fossil fuels, weak policy-making, and a lack of adequate infrastructure. These issues adversely affect the pursuit of sustainable development. This study aims to examine successful global experiences and provide solutions to address these challenges. The research methodology is a literature review, with data collected from library sources and analyzed through thematic content analysis using MAXQDA software. Subsequently, a gap analysis was conducted to investigate the existing gaps in renewable energy utilization in Iran, followed by proposed solutions to bridge these gaps. The findings of this research, considering the identified gaps and the policies and objectives of the study, offer innovative strategies to enhance the adoption of renewable energy in Iran. These strategies include reducing government intervention in the energy market, establishing competitive markets, formulating transparent regulations for incentive allocation, and providing financial incentives aligned with investment risks. Additionally, the development of indigenous technologies, the use of smart platforms based on IoT and artificial intelligence for optimal energy management, and the establishment of blockchain systems for renewable energy trading are recommended. Moreover, there is an emphasis on developing local infrastructure, promoting public education through schools, and increasing international cooperation for the transfer of clean technologies as other key strategies. The results of this research can contribute to improving the energy situation in Iran, reducing environmental pollution, and aiding the achievement of sustainable development through the optimal exploitation of renewable resources. Furthermore, by highlighting the gaps and presenting effective policies and strategies to address them, this study can assist in formulating effective policies in this domain.

Extensive research and evaluation in the field of housing and neighborhood planning and design has been done so far, which shows the obvious importance and pathological view in this area. From this point of view, Ph.D. dissertations in architecture can be considered as scientific and methodological research that can be used to solve problems and shortcomings in the field of housing and neighborhood; in this regard, the study of the potential of the dissertations in terms of application is considered. The present study uses a combined strategy (correlation and qualitative) with an analytical-descriptive approach and examines the content of doctoral dissertations in architecture in four steps with a focus on housing and neighborhood; the first step examines the research background and the next step analyzes the contents of the dissertations (21 full-texts and 22 abstracts). The period of doctoral dissertations under analysis is from 2000 to 2020, and these dissertations have been completed in Public and Islamic Azad universities in Iran. The third step of the research includes an evaluation of the authors of the dissertations (32 people) in order to complete the second stage. At the final stage, strategies and guidelines are explained. This article points out the importance and impact of doctoral dissertations in architecture. The results of analysis and evaluation indicate that most of the doctoral dissertations examined have significant findings and results that can have practical applications in alignment with the policies applied by the university (as a converter and mediator); Also, the strategies and guidelines are suggested in two dimensions of "application of dissertations and their approach" and "educational and research process in universities" with the aim of application of research findings and their use by decision-makers, planners and designers.

This research, conducted through a quantitative and qualitative content analysis, aimed to address the question, "How are the materials presented and analyzed in the Norooz supplements of the Etemad and Ettela'at newspapers?" The statistical population of this study consists of all the content from the 1403 Norooz special issues of these two newspapers, which was analyzed using a comprehensive sampling method where each selected content item was considered as both the observation unit and the analysis unit. According to the findings, the Etemad supplement, adhering to a critical policy, exhibits a critical orientation towards the government, whereas the Ettela'at supplement, linked to the governing institution, adopts a defining and commendatory yet neutral perspective in its content. The Etemad supplement allocates a significant portion of its content to the "international" domain, while the Ettela'at focuses on the "social" domain. Consequently, the research highlights the prominent news value covered by Etemad, indicating where and what it emphasized, while Ettela'at's priorities reveal a lack of attention to two crucial elements: "why" and "how." These observations represent additional results of the study

In the modern world, urban spaces, on the one hand, and contemporary citizens, on the other hand, are heavily influenced by the effects of smart and virtual spaces and technologies. Hence, it is pivotal to establish spaces that would simultaneously meet the health needs of contemporary humans and pay special attention to the smart dimensions of contemporary life. The concepts of a healthy city and a smart city are emerging ideas that were introduced towards the end of the twentieth century, driven by the rapid growth of urban populations and the resulting challenges, along with economic and technological changes brought about by globalization. The concept of healthy cities was developed within an initiative framework by the World Health Organization and was introduced in the wake of the search for promoting health by a general entity of the international sphere (Taylor, 2010). The concept of smart cities was also initiated by technological companies in the private sector and refers to the utilization of innovations and technological sources in urban infrastructure and services. Accordingly, just as there are a large number of innovative approaches, there are common indicators used both in healthy cities and in smart cities. Assuming a general health priority, the subject of smartization in urban space is regarded as a strategic objective, causing the fatality of pandemic and non-pandemic diseases to be fewer and thus helping to create a prosperous and competitive economy. The present study aims to explain the components affecting a smart and healthy urban space and to provide a general conceptual framework in this connection.

From a goal perspective, the study was applied, and from the nature of information and its analytical perspective, it was qualitative, falling under documentary research. The present study was also considered a mixed research method. In this direction, the dimensions and components of a healthy and smart city, raised by professionals and experts, were first collected and were then coded by using content analysis, leading to the determination of a general healthy and smart city framework. Next, the determined indicators were firstly incorporated and then scored and ranked by ten experts by using the five criteria of urban space scales, health and smartization relevance, easiness of access to information, measurability, and spatial diversity changes via the Goeller scorecard method. Because the five criteria are not equally important, the AHP method and Expert Choice software were used to assign weights to the criteria. To calculate the final score, the score of each indicator was multiplied by the weight of the relevant criterion, and then all the scores resulting from the indicators were added up, leading to a final score of 10. The indicators that received a score of higher than 5 were selected and the “general conceptual framework of a healthy city with a smart city approach” was explained. Finally, to control the quality of the extracted framework, the Cohen’s Kappa Index was used to compare the researcher’s view with an expert’s to finally provide an ID of indicators.

The explained conceptual framework consisted of 5 economic, social, managerial, physical and environmental dimensions, encompassing 12 components and 52 indicators of a healthy and smart urban space. The economic dimension consists of the component of economic prosperity and the indicators of strengthening local markets, tourism, and business diversity. The social dimension consists of the component of social communications with the indicators of social engagement, social and ethnic plurality, participation in social life, the component of social facilities with the indicators of accessibility and the awareness-raising of cultural events, accessibility and the awareness-raising of recreational events, access to sports amenities, access to welfare services, access to high-speed Internet, wireless coverage, and finally the component of health with the indicators of access to healthy food, promoting bodily exercises, awareness-raising and training health principles, and access to healthcare services. The managerial dimension consists of the component of urban management that involves the indicators of cultural heritage preservation (regeneration), citizens’ satisfaction with urban management performance, administrating the effective programs of garbage collecting and recycling and traffic management. The physical dimension consists of five components titled as accessibility with the indicators of access to public transportation, access to pedestrian zones, access to cycling paths, access to places of rest, access to green spaces, access to clean public spaces, access to washrooms, access to parking lots, safety with the indicators of the safety of cycling paths, the safety of pedestrian zones, traffic safety, the quality of urban pathways, security with the indicators of lighting and illumination of urban spaces, 24-hour land uses, the new generation of rescue police, social monitoring (urban smart cameras), transportation with the indicators of various and diverse options of vehicles, providing the Internet in public transportation, timers indicating the time of arriving at the destination, the applications showing the position of the public vehicles, the quality of public transportation (using sensors to improve public mobility), non-motorized public transportation (EVs, hybrids, and scooters), and environmental design with the indictors of land use diversity, design proportionate to peoples’ needs, diverse greenery, the quality of urban furniture, and place attachment. The environmental dimension consists of two components of energy with the indicator of using renewable sources and the environmental quality with the indicators of air, sound, and visual quality, water quality, and surface water collection and disposal.

According to the scores calculated, the environmental dimension with a score of 9.4 held greater importance than other dimensions and should be paid special attention in urban planning and designing. As all indicators of environmental quality received a score of 9.9, a key requirement for creating a healthy urban space with a smart city approach is to focus on air and water quality, reduce sound and visual pollution, and manage and collect surface waters effectively. The physical dimension with a score of 8.6 ranked second, followed by the social dimension (a score of 8), and economic and managerial dimensions with scores of 7.6 and 6.9, respectively.

The focus and intellectual basis of urban planning movements during a century that has passed from the life of planning, has not been in the perfection and felicity of man and society, but in the economy and its dynamics with focus on material things. A study of contemporary urban planning theories shows that the macro goal and the intellectual framework that illuminates their way are influenced by the materialist definition of man, and its goals are defined in terms of materiality and originality of resources. This is while Islamic scholars, in introducing the utopia, have dealt with the importance of human status and the lofty goals of his life, as well as the appropriate environment for human growth. Such a city is built on the principles and rules that make it possible to follow the behavioral patterns of Islamic law to achieve a good human life.On the other hand, taking into account that every civilization creates the structure and mechanism of the social life of people based on its teachings, values ​​, and norms, the second phase of the Islamic revolution must move toward the establishment of a new Islamic civilization, the city and its development patterns; as the structure and mechanism of the collective life of people, it is formed based on the cultural, social, economic, political, security and physical factors emphasized by Islam and appropriate to Iran's ecosystem. To achieve such a model, numerous studies and research have been done so far, but the point that has been neglected is the lack of attention to the necessary context for operating the Islamic Iranian city model and the obstacles to its realization.Imported and imitative urban development models that are the basis of urban development policies and plans in Iran, regardless of their origins and background and disregarding their context, have been brought as a healing prescription for Iran's urbanism system. However, the experience of more than five decades since the introduction of this urban development model to the country shows that these models and plans have failed to achieve their goals to provide a favorable environment for citizens and improve their quality of life.Considering the problems of the current urban development models and plans and the need to provide a quality place for the citizens to live and the basis for their growth and excellence, it is necessary to pay attention to the native Islamic Iranian city model. Therefore, after introducing the principles and components of the Islamic Iranian city model, the present study tries to provide a comprehensive pathology of the current situation in line with the obstacles to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model in Iran's urbanism system.To achieve the challenges to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model, eleven interviews were conducted with experts and city officials. The people selected for the interview are professionally and directly related to this field,Therefore, their expression in this matter can help us approach the reality of the issue and the challenges it presents as closely as possible. In the present study, we used the qualitative content analysis method; because achieving the depth and meaning of the interview text and finding the root of the challenges to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model is very important in this research. For this purpose, we used ATLAS. ti (7.5.7) software to analyze the interviews.Three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were performed in the analysis of the interviews to achieve a level of information systematization and integration based on which we can answer the main research question. The result of the analysis of the interviews is the achievement of 133 codes, 12 sub-themes, and 4 themes. Challenges and obstacles to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model in four areas theoretical challenges, legislative challenges, structural challenges, and functional challenges were achieved, and each of which and its subset were analyzed.The challenges related to the theoretical theme deal with educational and university problems and the lack of definition and discourse in the field of the Islamic Iranian city model. In the legislative theme, the issues related to the field of legislation and the formulation of laws and regulations, and the problems and issues that exist in the subject of urban regulations and rules are discussed. In the structural theme, some flaws in the institutional and executive mechanisms and processes of Iran's urbanism system are investigated. The functional theme assesses the performance of managers, planners, and executive institutions. It explores the challenges of urban development plans within the urbanism system.Finally, after analyzing research findings and theoretical studies, solutions for establishing a conducive context for realizing the Islamic Iranian city model are proposed.

The alignment of art and society has always been a concern for artists. Among various forms of art, cinema has also found its place in alignment with society. This alignment, concerning cancer, can bring a practical aspect to the application of art. Therefore, the questions arise: How do Iranian cinema films portray cancer? What correlation do the findings from the analysis of these films have with Iranian society? To answer these questions, the method of content analysis has been employed, drawing on theories in the field of highlighting and medicalization. A total of 10 post-revolutionary Iranian cinema films were purposefully selected for sampling.The findings indicate that Iranian cinema depicts a frightening image of cancer, intertwined with death and despair. Individuals grappling with cancer are often from lower and traditional social classes, linking cancer and poverty. The preference in portraying cancer leans towards blood-related themes, with the most prominent symptom of the disease being depicted as a headache. The emphasis in the films is more on the psychological aspect, highlighting the importance of anxiety control and providing hope to patients.The films often showcase issues such as financial struggles, desirable treatments in other countries, resorting to divine intervention, and alluding to death and despair, serving as means to create dramatic scenes. This is while less attention is paid to concrete medical treatments such as chemotherapy. Overall, Iranian cinema has not made a concerted effort to explain and educate about cancer, and there is a felt need for greater alignment between this form of art and society. This research underscores the importance of proper cancer awareness and treatment education to the public through cinema.

Sigmund Freud's theory posits that the essence of content analysis lies in uncovering the unconscious perceptions or cognitions embedded within a text. This endeavor finds its academic grounding within the discipline of psychology of art, where the underlying goals, values, cultural influences, and tendencies of creators or creations are scrutinized. Particularly within the cinematic domain, filmmakers are tasked with unraveling the intricacies of conveying meanings and messages through the nuanced language of cinema. In the latter half of the 20th century, content analysis has risen to prominence as a predominant research approach in both psychology and art studies. This study endeavors to apply qualitative content analysis (QCA) to the realm of cinema. Drawing upon Freud's psychoanalytic theory, specifically emphasizing the concept of personality, the research focuses on three seminal films by Alfred Hitchcock (Rope, Psycho, and Vertigo). Freud's theoretical framework is chosen for its influence on character development in cinema and its pioneering contributions to psychoanalysis, particularly in symbolism and personality theory. The selection of Hitchcock's films for case studies is deliberate, as they aptly showcase the centrality of character and delve into profound psychological dimensions. Personality emerges as the linchpin concept, seamlessly bridging Freud's psychoanalytic theory with the narrative intricacies of Hitchcock's films. The research methodology employs a non-random sampling strategy, guided by thematic and narrative proximity, alongside analytical indicators derived from Freud's theoretical constructs. The research methodology encompasses various analytical components, including analysis units, meaning units, content areas, and analytical categories. These components are meticulously selected through an exploratory approach, leveraging both traditional library resources and contemporary audio-visual materials. The findings of the study underscore a multifaceted analysis, encompassing the exploration of latent content, identification of primary characters, delineation of meaningful narrative sequences, and elucidation of primary thematic elements, notably instincts and anxiety. This approach ensures a deep and thorough understanding of the material. Furthermore, the research delineates two core content areas within Freud's theoretical framework: personality structure and personality levels. These delineations serve to deepen our understanding of the interplay between psychoanalytic theory and cinematic narrative, offering valuable insights into the rich tapestry of human experience depicted on the silver screen. The division of research results into descriptive and inferential parts adds another layer of depth. Based on this, the meaning units, which represent the primary scenes featuring the main characters, account for 18.42 minutes (72.52%) of the entire film in Rope, 49.59 minutes (49.45%) in Psycho, and 102.08 minutes (79.75%) in Vertigo. Therefore, the main character's presence as a meaning unit is most prominent in the film Vertigo. In short, this includes introducing main characters and analyzing how often they appear in the film, which helps analyze the content. The main themes found in analyzing these films are instincts, including themes of life and death, and anxiety, which includes real, emotional, and moral aspects. By incorporating these diverse elements, the research provides a holistic view of the psychological underpinnings in Hitchcock's works, offering a profound understanding of the characters' motivations and the films' overarching themes.

Even though Garden City was invented in response to the unsanitary conditions of cities to improve the quality of life by combining the city with the countryside at the beginning of the 20th century, the early third millennium concept of Smart City (SC) aimed at addressing human-induced global climate change and urbanization challenges, with the belief that the quality of life in cities can be improved by integrating information and communication technologies. In general, despite many efforts to clarify and disambiguate the concept of a SC in the literature review, there remains a paucity of evidence on understanding "what is a Smart City?" to delineate the conceptual capabilities of the SC for urban policymaking. Hence, the question is addressed by data coding as well as the identification of categories in the content of 99 definitions of SC based on the analyzing method of Rogers' Evolutionary Concept (REC). Identifying the antecedents of the SC concept within such definitions shows that it is strongly influenced by the fuzzy and noisy atmosphere of the technology market. However, nowadays the clear paths set by the technology companies are less discussed and more emphasis is placed on the context and perspective in the development of this concept. The main characteristic of most of the resources related to the analysis and development of the concept of the SC is their tendency to search for common functional features (smart economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and life) by focusing on novel and advanced technologies that would gain widespread acceptance (as they do). In general terms, the concept is composed of three components based on the definitions: conditions, characteristics, and results. Technology, community, institution, and context are factors or conditions that determine the characteristics of a SC. Such characteristics include two basic dimensions: functional and structural. System search and systematization in SC are based on structural features, i.e., a digital structure (platform) for organizing functions, services, and interactions in space. The objectifying functional characteristics are dependent on structural characteristics (instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent). The functional improvement of the city as a consequence of focusing on new information and communication technologies contributes to these expected results improving the quality of life, sustainability, and optimization of processes (i.e., efficiency). Considering the evolutionary road of the SC concept, the main question would be how we can move up the role of citizens from "technicians' data subjects" to "enabled agents". The expression "SC" refers to cities that benefited from technological changeability. While the technology tends to be only one bombastic item of structural elements, it is evident that other players, more specifically citizens, will play a significant role in developing the SC concept in the literature - though it is influenced by the companies' narrative. The inclusion of words such as citizens/people/city dwellers in the new definitions does not imply the characteristics of the concept are changed, instead, it refers to a different expression of the previous technological concept. The main argument is that specialists and managers need a comprehensive understanding of the big picture of social arenas and dynamics for the "participatory smartening of cities".

A major goal of the university education program in the architecture field is to prepare architecture graduates for professional activities and involvement in the market. Finding the accurate educational method in the architecture field to participate in the field of professional work will be regarded as the major success of the Iranian educational system. The universities and higher education institutions of the country are among the institutions that can nowadays significantly influence the growth and development of a country. The higher education system greatly affects the fate of society in the long run, therefore, higher education has a high contribution to the progress and development of society, and the university is the origin of this evolution. Thus, architectural education plays an essential role in responding to citizens' growing need for architects' services, because of which the growth of society can be expected in terms of architecture. A major mission of the university is to transfer and promote knowledge and technology and develop skills and abilities in people for employment and fulfilling the market needs, but unfortunately, no concord exists between education at universities and the market. Lack of the skills and abilities required by the market is one of the main factors in the graduates' failure to find jobs and employment. The importance of architecture education and its role in the professional qualification of architecture graduates and the current situation of architecture education in Iran clearly indicate a significant gap in our country to reach an acceptable position in this context. The current research focuses on the presence of a gap between architecture education and the profession, resulting in the graduates' feeling of inefficiency in the professional market. A basic challenge in the architecture field is the mismatch between architecture education and the recruitment and employment process of graduates in this field in the market. When an architecture graduate enters the field of professional work with the first work experience, it further discloses the lack of applied architecture education at the university for architecture graduates. Therefore, the question is raised what solutions can be determined and proposed to improve the architecture graduates' professional qualification in Iran, aiming at the improvement of the architecture education quality? The research question has led to goal-setting that the indicators should be determined and categorized to be used for the professional competence of architecture graduates in Iran. Accordingly, this study with a qualitative approach held interviews with 23 experts and faculty members of the Iranian top universities, some graduates of the mother universities, and architecture students. Data were analyzed with the content analysis technique, trying to identify the intended strategies. Based on the expressions of the interviews and the extracted codes and categories, 42 categories were categorized in the form of seven themes. These themes were also classified into the general form of research strategies to improve both the education quality and the professional competence of architecture graduates. The frequency of the categories extracted from the interviewees' views was analyzed and reviewed using MAXQDA2020 software to use the results of the research in long-term strategies. These include reforms in entering the architecture field, targeted classification of students, solutions to address educational deficiencies, reforming academic titles, major reforms in educational deficiencies, and improving background conditions and strategies related to architecture faculties. This study also seeks to investigate re-creating the role of architecture professors, improving technical and professional skills, creating additional education opportunities for architecture students, adapting and implementing education depending on highlighting the executive part of architecture and short-term solutions, including reform, the entry mechanism into architecture, and targeted classification of students. Challenging conditions of students, solutions related to facilitating architecture education, quality improvement of the educational architecture professors and special expectations from them, reducing the gap between university education, architecture implementation and empowerment, the implementation of communication strategies between education and the market, and reforms at higher levels for a higher education quality are the other goals. Paying attention to the mentioned issues at Iranian universities and educational institutions can improve the architecture education quality and thus facilitate entry into the architecture profession for graduates of this field.

Ibn Sina's philosophical framework gives particular consideration to narrative and creativity. He regarded the meaning of physical punishment for humans on the day of Judgment as one of the symbols and signs and embraced the physical resurrection based on religious narrative. In other words, Sheikh did not place the centrality on evaluating, rejecting, and accepting issues in general, and religious issues in particular, intellect and rational perception, and he stressed that if the rational argument fails to prove some cases, it is not the reason that it is impossible. This was done based on hermeneutic insight. Ibn Sina, therefore, took a dualistic perspective on resurrection and, despite his faith in a spiritual resurrection, thought the bodily resurrection was conceivable. He thought that the Qur'anic verses' descriptions of the bodily punishment of the Resurrection, which were intended to be as near to general comprehension as possible, were mysterious and concise. Because they cannot fathom that it is impossible to vote, the general public can better comprehend the position of those who are crammed. He made the first distinction between fantasy and imagination concerning the power of imagination, describing it as a creative and inventive power with the capacity to grasp shapes and meanings. This difference enables the imagination to create forms that have no analogs outside of the imagination and to create new forms from those it has already saved. However, imagination requires the assistance of an engaged mind to translate logical ideas into tangible shapes. The power of imagination restricts the active intellect's ability to conjure up tangible representations of sensible ideas and capture their pictures and meanings. Another important subject for supporting the representation of religious topics like the Day of Judgment is the continuity of narration and imagination in the painter's eyes. This Day is a day that makes the earth and the man stands before God with his actions, and God says: We have bound the actions of every human being to him eternally, and we will bring out writing for him, which he will see open before him. This study aims to identify instances of the imagination used by the painter to depict the visual substance of human behavior on the day of judgment, on the one hand, and to provide direction for Qur'anic allusions and allegorical expressions of verses, on the other. What strategy has the painter used in the face of narrative and fantasy in the concrete depiction of plausible ideas in the context of resurrection day, given the importance of this question? To adequately respond to this question, it is important to consider Ibn Sina's viewpoints in light of his in-depth discussion of the power of imagination and to take an interpretive perspective on the subject of bodily revival. A painting named "Day of Judgment" was selected in this direction to tie the two study areas of Ibn Sina's views and the art of painting in the framework of narrative and imagination. This image with the same title was portrayed in the Falnamah book and during the Safavid. This volume, which Shah Tahmasab ordered illustrated, is a compilation of horoscopes associated with stars and constellations that have a devotional bent. One of the few artworks from the Ilkhanid to Safavid eras that depicts the Day of Judgement is the cover of "Judgment Day." More significantly, the visual components are based on Shiite religious themes, which are significant Safavid era characteristics. However, when contrasting these two images, the image selected for the current study has portrayed increasingly comprehensive descriptions; this difference was the basis for the image selection. With the aid of library resources and a descriptive-analytical research methodology, the current study examined the aforementioned subjects and the results of the studies are as follows: In addition to having a semantic connection to representing the circumstances of the day of Judgement, the interior space of the image is based on a narrative arrangement from top to bottom, and it symbolically refers to the sacred position of prophets, imams, and sinners as well as their true high and low status. The eleven imams are depicted in Shafaan's posture without any characteristics resembling those of regular persons, and the ambient light is replaced by the typical features of face art, such as eyes, eyebrows, etc. This holy blaze serves as a metaphor for the illumination of wisdom that God has bestowed upon the unadulterated institution of the infallible imams. Meanwhile, the body of Fatimah has a remarkably unique pattern that shows that, in addition to her cranium, the entirety of her being is encircled by sacred light, demonstrating both her essence and her luminous nature. This symbolic portrayal, which shares a close semantic relationship with the Qur'anic reference to her as "Zahra," or "light," indicates the significance of the artist's transfer and approval of Shiite readings. The relationship between face and meaning has developed in the posture of observers as a result of the accumulation of vertical visual factors. In this way, the scale's face, which also alludes to the establishment of homeostasis and balance, is linked to the vertical visual forces, which have meanings like establishment, balance, and stability. The combination of these two formal and lexical allusions with the physical appearance of Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Ali, whose bodies serve as the Qur'anic yardsticks for measuring human behavior on the Day of Judgment, which is one of the significant outcomes of the painter's use of narrative and imagination in his or her creative and sacred vision. The combination of the color of the sacred flame of the Prophet and Imam Ali with the color of the holy flame of the innocent imams, who were in the position of the intercessors, is another logical idea that can be seen in the position of the assessors. This in turn alludes to the reality of Noor Muhammadiyah on the one hand and the Imams' descendants on the other. The Qur'anic passages and Shia interpretive sources served as the painter's inspiration for depicting the offenders in the position of those who are tallied. His creative ability successfully creates combos that are appropriate for the circumstances specified for the evildoers by entering and filling the forms and meanings kept in the power of imagination and memory. In addition to depicting the condition of evildoers, rather than painting some of their features dark, the audience has also been made aware of the ugliness of the actions, and in this way, it also depicts quality problems. The incorporation of the awoken in the amazement of the eight groups of offenders with the high rank of imams at the top of the image is put in the bottom portion of the image in a clear semantic comparison. The most significant of these are distinct and covered faces, open and regretful faces, radiant faces with a holy flame, black and dark faces, placement in Paradise and next to the Tuba tree, placement in the barren and barren desert, women dressed in colorful societies, naked upper bodies and shrouded lower bodies, and others. This conflict between the positions and ranks of the innocent imams and the evildoers has also been represented in other open confrontations.

Urban areas, as human-environment systems, depend heavily on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being. Therefore, integrating ecosystem services into urban planning is essential for promoting sustainable urban development. Among the various decision-making processes impacting ecosystem services in cities, urban planning is arguably the most critical. Despite the increasing academic interest in ecosystem services, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding their integration into urban planning. Incorporating ecosystem services into the management of urban land is crucial for the rational allocation of land and effective ecological management in urban areas.However, several obstacles hinder this integration, including the inadequacies in the content and process of urban development plans, the limitations of current planning tools, the lack of knowledge about ecosystem services, the absence of relevantinstitutions and executive organizations, and the deficiency in the application of ecosystem services knowledge in practice and policy. Moreover, the necessary legal and regulatory frameworks are often lacking. This paper aims to examine both the current and potential utilization of ecosystem services in urbandevelopment plans, specifically focusing on the city of Arak.

Two dominant scientific approaches are employed to evaluate the uptake and operationalization of ecosystem services in urban planning: interviewing stakeholders and analyzing the content of plans and policies. Content analysis of urban development plan documents provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential, gaps, and limitations related to the inclusion of ecosystem services in urban planning practices. To achieve this goal, a content analysis method with a directional approach (deductive method based on theory) was utilized. The study examined the extent to which 19 ecosystem services were addressed within three components of the Arak development and construction plan: the information base, vision/objectives, andactions.
A scoring protocol was developed to assess the quality of ecosystem services inclusion in urban plans. This protocol used a 3-point scale, with scores ranging from zero (no inclusion), one (implicit inclusion), to two (explicit inclusion).

Among the regulating services, air purification and local ventilation services were mentioned 109 times, with the highest frequency (34 times) in the analysis section (database). The content analysis revealed that healthy water production was referenced 99 times, while food production was mentioned 82 times. Regarding supporting services, soil quality was noted nine times in total, with the highest mention (four times) in the analysis section. Among cultural services, recreational services and mental experiences were mentioned 94 times, with the highest frequency (26 times) in the city survey and knowledge section.The results indicate that the ecosystem services concept is partially integrated into the mentioned development document. However, the document lacks a holistic view of urban ecology and its benefits. In the three examined components, ecosystem services were mentioned 607 times, both implicitly (312 times - 51.4%) and explicitly (295 times - 48.6%), with the most attention given to the information base component (358 times - 59%). The significant difference in the score for cultural services (400) compared to provisioning (274), regulating (198), and supporting (30) services suggests that cultural services are more comprehensively included in the Arak metropolis plan.

The inconsistency in addressing each service or concept across the three components highlights a lack of significant correlation between data collection, analysis, goal formulation, vision development, plan preparation, and the establishment of rules and regulations. Another critical issue is the misalignment between the process and content of these plans with new concepts, as well as the weakness of the comprehensive rational process in integrating these concepts. To incorporate new ideas like ecosystem services into urban development plans, not only is there a need to strengthen content and process, but also to improve planning tools. Empirical studies suggest that tools such as Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) can help bridge this gap.

Incorporating the concept of ecosystem services into new laws, guidelines, or revisions of existing plans and programs is a complex process that cannot be accomplished in the short term. The presence of informed stakeholders, public decision-makers, and experts is essential. Additionally, it is crucial to form interdisciplinary teams within both consulting engineering firms that prepare urban development plans and public institutions responsible for drafting and approving these plans. Tools such as Strategic Impact Assessment (SIA) are recommended to evaluate proposed alternatives and select the final options.

Despite numerous studies on how the hospital outdoor landscape affects user satisfaction and the publication of design guidelines, this field’s research flow, strengths, and weaknesses have not been thoroughly reviewed. This makes it difficult for designers to access organized information on design’s theoretical and practical aspects. The current research aims to comprehensively review and analyze the existing resources and present them in a conceptual framework. This process will enable us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current literature and identify specific areas that require further research in the field of hospital landscape design. After conducting a systematic review, 47 relevant sources were identified. These sources were then analyzed using the content analysis method and encoded in MAXQDA software to organize the obtained information. 618 codes were extracted and categorized into six main categories and 30 subcategories. These categories form the conceptual framework of hospital outdoor landscape design literature, covering topics such as 1) definitions of hospital outdoor landscape, 2) typology, 3) fundamental theories, 4) design approaches, 5) principles and design indicators, and 6) preferences and needs of users. Based on the research, the literature in this field has been developed appropriately from both theoretical and practical perspectives (i.e., programming and operational dimensions). The theoretical essence of hospital outdoor landscapes is evolving. It can now be defined as a space that serves functional and symbolic purposes while providing a sense of restoration. To describe the objective dimension of the landscape, typological studies have been conducted. The literature on designing hospital outdoor landscapes from a practical perspective initially focused on design approaches that aimed to implement their expected functions. These approaches may vary in principles, methods, and actions, but their main objective is to elucidate the interaction between the hospital landscape and its users. The principles, qualities, and recommendations are general and applicable to various users, making them suitable for public hospitals. The main weakness of hospital outdoor landscape literature is the lack of reliable evidence concerning the users’ perception and interaction with the environment. To address this, it is crucial to conduct evaluation studies on various case samples in different settings to improve the quality of the literature.

“Earth architecture” is one of the construction techniques in architecture with a rich history dating back to several thousand years, whose traces are visible in the architecture of different nations of the world, including Iran. Earth architecture is one of the sub-branches of vernacular architecture, which has a rich set of originalities and native-historical capacities in different parts of the world. Due to the extensive availability of soil; it has played a significant role in time and history by reflecting many originalities of vernacular and traditional architecture. Regions like the historical city of Yazd, characterized by desert climates, have historically been ideal environments for the development of earth architecture. Despite its longstanding heritage, contemporary attention to the various capacities and innovations of earth architecture has been lacking, with challenges and sensitivities in the field now garnering increased attention. Based on this, despite the background and existing rich capacities; The trend of widespread use and acceptability of Earth architecture in the contemporary period has been accompanied by a noticeable decline because of the growth of technology in competing industrial materials and cultural changes in construction. Public acceptability is a comprehensive and relevant matter and its application can provide the level of public acceptability. As such, the aim of this research is to identify bottlenecks and strategies to enhance the public acceptability of earth architecture in Yazd. By utilizing the public acceptability index and emphasizing the historical context of the city, the study seeks to promote the revitalization and improvement of earth architecture in the region.

The historical city of Yazd, with its desert climate, has historically provided an ideal environment for the development of earth architecture. Despite its rich heritage, contemporary attention to the diverse capacities and innovations of earth architecture has been lacking, leading to increased scrutiny of the challenges and sensitivities within the field.

The research findings reveal that Earth architecture, like other architectural techniques and styles, possesses its own set of advantages, disadvantages, challenges, obstacles, and drivers. Through content analysis of research literature and consultations with local experts, these factors have been identified and categorized. In addition, categorization and prioritization of the challenges, obstacles and drivers of earth architecture in the research literature and experts of Yazd shows the similarities and differences that indicate the “locality” of the public acceptability of earth architecture. From a comparative point of view, regarding the challenges in the scale of world literature, “technical challenges” have been the most important issue. In the same scale and in the obstacles section, “policy-based obstacles” had more points, and in the driver’s section, “technical and architectural drivers” were emphasized more. On the other hand, public acceptance of earth architecture”; “less university programs and courses” and two categories including “innovation and technology” and “standard development and control criteria” are respectively “priority challenges”, “priority obstacles” and “priority drivers” of Yazd city.

The category of public acceptability of earth architecture has a set of interconnected elements that bring together different issues such as advantages and limitations, and the triple bottlenecks of challenges, obstacles, and drivers. Accordingly, recognizing and prioritizing the covering variables for each of these multiple elements in order to improve and promote the public acceptability of this construction method and to promote the public acceptability of earth-based materials is very important in this field. This prioritization serves as a valuable tool for identifying collective actions within specific physical contexts, facilitating the implementation of architectural policies. Moreover, this new policy framework places greater emphasis on public acceptance, thereby fostering increased attention and support for earth architecture in Yazd city. Such a focused approach can effectively promote public acceptance in a practical and targeted manner.

The main goal of the upcoming research is to explain the principles and spatial qualities of campuses based on the environmental preferences of female students.

Methods :

The nature of the research is qualitative and exploratory based on the methodology of content analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a total of 40 female students of the faculties of literature and humanities and basic sciences in each of the two studied universities of Tehran and Shahid beheshti is done.

According to the narrative of female students, eight criteria of urban location, university campus structure plan, faculty architecture plan, likeability, university brand, attention to the dignity and rights of female students, the attractiveness of university activities and events, and the importance of hangout in the university are among the environmental qualities. It is effective in improving the presence of female students in university campuses.

Based on the environmental preferences of women, in addition to physical factors, non-physical factors are also effective in the presence of women in university campuses. In addition, the space may have a suitable physical quality, but it is gendered in a way that gives the woman the feeling of being subjugated and under control. For this purpose, the physical qualities of university campuses are necessary and not sufficient to promote the presence of girls.

The concept of dwelling is complex and dynamic. Therefore, the existing theories and views on the concept of dwelling, often presented in formal housing conditions and structures, do not have the necessary effect in other settlements. Based on the subjective and interactive nature of the concept of dwelling, its experience and perception among different residents can be different from conventional and universal theoretical perspectives in the field of dwelling, which are often expressed in the context of formal housing. Therefore, given the expansion of informal settlements and the importance of studying them accurately, as a basis for any action, can be contemplative. The purpose of this study is to understand dwelling’s perception and experience of dwelling and how to conceptualize and conceptualize it in the context of informal settlements and its related concepts by investigating the case study of Mortezagerd. Because any action in the field of informal settlements requires not only an understanding of the physical aspects of the settlement, it also requires conditions that are not purely objective and require its discovery to understand the meaning of dwelling from the perspective of its inhabitants. This research falls under the paradigm of interpretivism, and from the cognitive point of view, it emphasizes the researcher's interaction with the research subject and the least objective separateness with the research participants. This study uses manifest inductive qualitative content analysis as a research method to interpret contextual data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations.

Lack of attention to the issue of integrated housing education, incompatibility in some academic goals, professional’s established policies, along with the lack of experts in both areas to design the mechanisms of housing quality control and monitoring is increasingly emerging as a big gap. On the other hand, the lack of strategic concerns in the official documents and institutional guidelines and practical regulatory bodies that feel this need and can strengthen the educational infrastructure regarding the design and implementation of housing is also due to the lack of purposeful monitoring and control over housing construction processes. These trends have led to the emergence of low-quality housing, which with its rapid growth has caused a great deal of environmental, economic, social and cultural damage. Another issue is the lack of communication, interaction and consensus between the goals of the academia and the executive policies of the project managers and planners. Even if the educational materials at universities is refined, its practical application is hindered when decision-makers do not implement them. Consequently, students face unemployment after graduation or resort to employ unscientific methods in their practice. The main purpose of this study is to explain the framework of integrated housing curriculum based on contextual indicators. The pathology of housing-related courses in Iran is carried out in comparison with the world in terms of the main goal. Therefore, by using the content analysis method, first, the housing curriculum in 38 international universities is reviewed, then, by finding the procedural and substantial dimensions, the expert opinions in this field are received and a basis for extracting separate quantitative questionnaires is obtained. The validity of the relevant issues was analyzed in SPSS software and then coded. Findings show that the substantial and procedural frameworks of housing education in Iran are formed by economic, socio-cultural, managerial, legal-administrative, physical and environmental components that can be used as tools. As a result, the increasing importance of quality of life in residential areas has led to the need for education and training of experts in the field of housing as one of the main forms of architecture and urban planning in Iranian cities. The existence of an independent field of housing can provide more incentives to fulfill the mission of academic environments in the research-based evaluation of actions and plans and provide a basis for dialogue in theoretical and practical areas between the university and the professional sphere. In this regard, considering international academic experiences provides an effective means of transferring experiences, avoiding possible trials and errors, and finding a more comprehensive view of housing and life. It can also serve as a key tool and guide in the housing curriculum for policy makers, planners, as well as university staff and students.

Identity is one of the concepts that has a wide range of meaning in human sciences and is studied by researchers in most different branches of human sciences including psychology, sociology and philosophy. The importance of this issue is that it is impossible to find a person or an object that lacks identity. Based on this, the current article is the results of the studies conducted with the theoretical framerelic of social identity, the branch of social sciences in international documents related to the preservation and restoration of historical-cultural monuments. For this purpose, the research method of content analysis was chosen to be able to analyze a large number of related documents. The documents under review are 28 international documents related to the years 1969 to 2023. In order to conceptualize identity and its relationship with the protection and restoration of historical-cultural relics, international documents in the field of cultural heritage were analyzed. The documents were coded and categorized, this helps to extract and analyze issues related to the concept of identity faster and more accurately. The results of the content analysis carried out in these documents are in the two main branches of identity definition and the relationship between identity and protection. This issue helps to define the identity of a historical-cultural relic and use it as a tool to determine the policy of protection and restoration of historical works. used culturally. The results of the studies in this research state that there is a two-way relationship between preservation and restoration and the identity characteristics of the work. Each one affects the other, so by studying the identity characteristics of the work and its definition, it can be used as a tool to determine the policy of protection and restoration of historical-cultural works.

This study applies quantitative content analysis, and Paul Gee’s context analysis methods to analyze the representation of everyday life objects in works of Iranian contemporary photographers. In this respect, answering the question about meaningful differences in the choice of subject and the artistic styles in the works of male and female photographers seems necessary, through studying different characteristics of works of contemporary Iranian photographers.Artists use everyday objects to arise artistic perception of the audience and inspire them to contemplate what seem to be ordinary. Whereas such art works represent an object, they challenge everyday subject to express artistic ideas and invite the audience to think.This study investigates seven important linguistic actions and five activities in each art work provided in two different tables, in details.What is derived as  result, is a meaningful and obvious difference in representation of objects in works of male and female photographers.  Photos of this study are selected through targeted sampling method.Key words: Content Analysis, Context Analysis, Everyday Life Objects, Iran’s Photography. One of the most important reasons that make everyday life a subject worthy of research is its ordinary nature. It was from the end of the 20th century that social theorists considered daily life as a dynamic and controversial subject. Since the beginning of the human consciousness and his approach to art, countless common objects and elements have been among the shaping factors of works of art. Especially photographers have emphasized their aesthetic aspect and importance in life by looking at and recording objects. In the photos where the objects are next to the portraits, you can understand the class and social position of the people.The collection of photographs whose main subject is everyday life objects and tools, as well as dealing with the difference in the representation of everyday life objects in the works of contemporary Iranian male and female photographers, form the subject of this article. This representation of objects invites the audience to think and try to criticize the phenomena and normal affairs of everyday life. For this purpose, and better presentation of the concept of the article the works of the following contemporary Iranian artists have been studied: Shadi Qadirian (two collections), Mitra Tabrizian, Farshid Azarang, Mehran Mohajer, Neda Razavipour, Maitham Mahfouz and Behnam Sediqi.This article uses the combined method of qualitative content analysis1 in order to describe the collections and analyze the text with an approach to Paul Gee’s discourse analysis method, which on the one hand expresses the constituent parts and components of the text and on the other hand expresses its internal actions.  The sources were collected through was field study and library research. The method of selecting works is based on targeted sampling among the works of male and female artists since 1991.Content analysis is actually the classification of signs and the description of the explicit content of the message. It can be defined as a technique used to classify signs. Content analysis as a method recognizes and highlights the main points or axes of a text (or photo, video, etc.). In this method, the implicit content of the work needs to be examined as much as the obvious aspects. In this research, descriptive analysis is used to point out the frequency of specific topics and general theme analysis. This article has benefited from content analysis in the description of the collections and Paul Gee’s text analysis. According to Paul Gee, the analysis of the text is the analysis of the language used in the situation. In this research, language means the system of representing everyday life objects in the works of contemporary photographers. Paul Gee believes that the internal dialogue of the text shapes its conditional meanings and it is not possible to get out of it. As a result, the artistic text is able to create its conditional meanings through its internal language. According to Paul Gee, these texts have a kind of social praxis that creates identity. These texts create new actions and promote new policies.In this research, with the help of Paul Gee's discourse analysis method, we will identify the linguistic actions that are performed in each of these functional parts of the language. In his two books, "Introduction to Discourse Analysis Theory 2005" and "Discourse Analysis: A Toolbox 2011", James Paul Gee has mentioned the method of discourse analysis, which believes that every linguistic text consists of "six parts". And according to the "seven linguistic actions" that the language performs, reality occurs. If in the analysis of a text (here we mean photography) we can identify these seven linguistic actions and the linguistic elements and relationships that make these actions practical, we can analyze the descriptive discourse of a text.What this study emphasizes on is not the descriptive attention of the existence of objects, but it is a door to confronting and contemplating the objects, which leads to reflection on everyday life and to the explanation of the difference in the representation of everyday life objects in the works of contemporary Iranian male and female photographers.In contemporary art, objects without human presence also have a meaning and have a special place. The beginning of the use of objects in art goes back to Marcel Duchamp who, by using the object itself and changing the title, changed the attitude towards matter and caused a revolution in the attitude towards everyday objects. Although this representation has been accompanied by ups and downs in the expression of the idea, the mere representation of it has not changed. For example, in the past, artists used objects for their representation and visual appeal, and in the modern era, this representation has led to a change in the artists' vision of the objects and phenomena of everyday life. In the era of new art, where the idea behind the representation of objects is to invite the audience to think and contemplate the artist's perspective, the objects of daily life have continued to be a constant in modern art. In photography, which is one of the branches of art, objects have always been the constant basis of images, either separately or next to people. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the importance of objects in the works of male and female photographers and how they are represented.This article deals with the representation of objects in the photographs of contemporary Iranian artists, and by studying the characteristics of the artists' works and how they deal with the subject, it aims to answer the question of whether there is a difference between the representations of everyday objects in the photographs of male and female artists. In most of the photographs taken by female artists of objects, they are represented next to women; while in the works of male artists, objects have an independent identity and only the physical and commodity aspect of the object itself, has significance. In photographing objects, women seek to give importance to women's identity and assert lost social rights. A work of art is an object that has emerged from the artist's perspective on world affairs. What has turned the everyday object into a work of art in these works is its separation from the context of everyday life. Through art (here, photography), objects are separated from their everyday functions and become objects to be seen. It is their separation from their usual context that gives them an appearance and makes them worth seeing. In this type of looking beyond reality, the value of objects and materiality is revealed and they can be separated from their empirical dimension through observation and reflection, and can be considered art. In Art as Device, Shklovsky claims “there is a difference between everyday objects and artistic objects because there is no insight in everyday objects and we experience them unconsciously." In fact, by emphasizing everyday objects and highlighting them, these works play an important and fundamental role in creating meaning and turning them into a work of art.