شهر هوشمند

The rapid growth of urbanization and the increasing complexities of urban management have highlighted the need for innovative and efficient tools in the field of urban planning and design. Today's urban planning and design community, in the information era, requires novel technology-driven systems to make better decisions and achieve improved results in the shortest possible time. CityEngine, as a city-scale data-driven smart system, offers significant potential for improving the quality of urban planning and design. This applied research aims to introduce and comprehensively analyze CityEngine in the context of urban planning and design, with the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran  as a case study. Data were collected using various methods, including document review, field surveys, and spatial data analysis. The findings of the study show that CityEngine can be effectively applied in various aspects of urban planning and design, including: Dynamic 3D visualization of urban space (detailed and comprehensive urban plans, zoning and design control planning, 3D cadastral planning, environmental planning and design, strategic urban planning), real-time reporting of urban data for quantitative analysis, evaluation and management of the urban environment along with providing a communication platform for public participation, and integration with other relevant urban application software. The results of this research demonstrate that CityEngine, as a novel and efficient tool in the field of urban planning and design, can contribute to the creation of smart and sustainable cities. In CityEngine for urban planning and design modeling, the following four main steps are presented in the paper: (1) data preparation and processing (2) Classification of urban elements (3) Creating and defining rules (4) Generating a model and modifying it. It can be comprehensively  acknowledged that CityEngine facilitates: the integration of scattered urban data and the creation of a smart two- and three-dimensional database, the reduction and intelligent monitoring of urban violations through the modeling of urban information (zoning regulations, density, etc.), increased  speed and less waste of time in planning, designing and managing urban projects, enhanced citizen involvement in addressing urban issues through online sharing of plans, the ability to intelligently model all types of elements and objects in the city, including buildings, streets, vegetation, urban furniture, support for integrated management city through the creation of manageable dashboards and real-time control, access to  information on smart 3D urban elements with the ability to view all features in 3D and update information, improved  city maps with interactive 3D visualization to help understanding of the urban environment for managers and citizens, production of past, present and future models of cities to observe and compare urban changes, designing city redevelopment scenarios and examining the effects of each  in real-time, analyzing the three-dimensional view of the city to accurately assess the effects of urban visual permeability, and conducting city simulation based on real geographic information system (GIS) data to improve 3D city perception making it effective and useful.

Nowadays, in developed countries, paying attention to the presence of people in urban spaces plays a key role in the design and planning of cities, and the important key to achieving sustainable, successful, and lively cities is paying attention to the role of people and their needs. On the one hand, urban spaces must be responsive to human needs, and this is realized when people feel safe and secure in this space, both in the public and private spheres and can meet their needs in this space. It is obvious that the result of the realization of such a space strengthens the feeling of belonging to the environment in the individual and increases the presence and interactions of citizens, and as a result, the resulting space is a lively urban space that is worthy of the high value of a person. On the other hand, with the beginning of the 21st century, information and communication technology has been considered the main axis of the transformation and development of the world, and the achievements resulting from it have become so intertwined with people's lives that neglecting it is a huge disruption in society and welfare and comfort. It creates people. Today, the smart city has been the focus of city planners and city managers as a unique solution to urban problems. 

The research method in this research, in terms of purpose, is applied and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data and information, documentary and library, as well as using a specialized questionnaire and analyzing it with the help of factor analysis techniques and Swara is riding. The analysis of the collected data is based on two quantitative-qualitative methods that have been examined in a combined manner. 

The results of the findings show some of the most important criteria and indicators of different aspects of the smart city that can help in improving the vitality of urban spaces, as well as the concept of a smart city, taking into account the vitality of urban spaces, along with dynamizing urban systems to The title of adaptive systems provides a suitable perspective in this field. 

Each of the dimensions of the smart city includes various components and variables, and the nature of these variables is focused on the complex and contextual conditions of each city. Therefore, it is expected that a diverse set of variables related to the specific issues and problems of each city will be considered in the feasibility study of smart cities. This research, in connection with the integration of the subject, explains the concepts, components, and characteristics of the smart city and urban vitality, and in the continuation of the content, introduces the conceptual model of the research, to achieve a lively smart city.

The smart city is one of the issues that have been the focus of governments, organizations related to urban management, knowledge-based and technology companies, universities and research institutes, and the public sector in recent years. Although studies in the field of smart cities have been conducted topically in one dimension at the national or international level for nearly two decades, a study considering all dimensions of a smart city simultaneously has received less attention. To create an integrated outlook on all aspects of urbanization, policymakers have presented models for developing and maintaining cities based on modern technologies, which have been introduced as smart cities. The confrontation of ultra-modern cities with the city of the industrial age (contemporary) is another urban problem in the modern age because the needs and issues in this age differ from the conditions in which the industrial age approaches were developed (UN, 2018). Therefore, according to the growth of urbanization worldwide, it is very important to find solutions to meet the challenges of urbanization. One of these solutions is the concept of sustainable smart cities (Ibrahim et al., 2018) (Nastaran et al., 2018). Unlike most foresight studies, this research did not seek to extract strategies for realizing a smart city. Still, he is trying to turn it into a theoretical model to create a line of thought in policymakers by relying on the potential scenarios of smart cities in Iran in the horizon of 1415 by the upstream documents (the document of the province in the horizon of 1415 and the document of the national model in the horizon of 1444).

In this research, combined methods have been used to present the model of realizing smart cities, and the fuzzy cognitive mapping matrix is the basis of the analysis and explanation of the experimental model of this research. For this purpose, the meta-synthesis method was used after studying the literature and developing a theoretical framework to identify the key indicators of Rasht's smart city management. By evaluating and analyzing the sensitivity of the effects of the scenarios and the status of each driver on how to change the state of the key obstacles to the realization of the smart city of Rasht, an optimal model of the state of realization of the smart city can be presented.

The outputs show that in the category of obstacles to the realization of a smart city, the elements "non-observance of the principle of justice, balance, and equilibrium in ecological, social, and economic dimensions (lack of optimal management of urban resources)," "commodification of land" and " The lack of balanced development and unbridled urban growth and the emergence of problematic tissues" have received the most effects from other elements of the model with the intensity of 8.58, 7.92 and 7.65, respectively. In terms of impact based on the results, the two uncertainties of "increasing the process of immigrating cities" and "instant production and delivery" have been the most influential elements.

The results of this survey show that "lack of optimal health management" and "commodification" of land are two obstacles that have a great impact on other barriers to the realization of a smart city, and even the obstacle of "not observing the principle of justice, Balance, and Balance in ecological, social and economic dimensions (lack of optimal management of urban resources) is affected by these two obstacles. Also, the review of the analysis shows that among the uncertainties, "increasing the trend of Rasht's immigration" and "use of smart technologies in promoting clean and sustainable transportation" are mentioned as prerequisites. This problem can be expressed in such a way that to realize a smart city based on the fuzzy recognition map, the perspective of urban management must be completely changed, and the main focus of planning should be on the optimal management of the health sector and solving the problem of commoditization of land. The challenge of waste management is an old pain in the city of Rasht, and with the influx of tourists without complying with environmental standards, it burdens the lives of the people of this city, and the Saravan area has become a hazard in the city of Rasht. The commodity view of land has also led to the fact that many areas of the Caspian region are rural, and the bargaining power is low due to the lack of a strong economic base and the lack of suitable conditions similar to the Caspian climate in other parts of the country. Land and property are not balanced. Also, the inheritance law, the division of land between heirs, and the reduction of the production level provide the basis for the sale of separate lands. If the prevailing trend is not managed, considering the developments that are taking place in the country, especially in the southern and central regions of Iran, as a result of climate change, the future of the Caspian region's ecosystem, especially in Gilan province and Rasht city, will be severely threatened. It can create fragile conditions for this region to realize a smart city. With the help and use of sensitivity analysis of obstacles in all scenarios, it is determined that all obstacles will decrease in the first and second scenarios and increase in the third scenario. The status of the main obstacles to realizing Rasht's smart city in different scenarios revealed that in all scenarios, "commodification of land" experiences the greatest reduction except in the third scenario. In addition to this factor, the two obstacles, "infrastructure supply crisis, energy wastage and unstable transportation," and "politicization and the existence of legal and functional differences in urban management," will have the greatest reduction in all scenarios except scenario 3. Among all the obstacles, the factor "change in business patterns and its impact on the economic system of the city" is the only one that experiences a significant reduction in all scenarios.On the other hand, the obstacle "non-observance of the principle of justice, balance, and equilibrium in ecological, social and economic dimensions (lack of optimal management of urban resources)" experiences a very small reduction in almost all scenarios. This problem shows that this barrier has a low sensitivity to different scenarios and practically no reaction to various scenarios. Considering that this obstacle is of great importance in the subject literature, it seems necessary to formulate and explain specific tasks to reduce it and improve the realization of the smart city of Rasht. At this stage, all the main elements of realizing the smart city of Rasht were determined, and the consequences' severity and impact were analyzed and explained.

According to the obtained results and based on the intensity of the relationships and the power of influence between them, the experimental model of the future realization of the smart city of Rasht has been created. Then, based on the degree of centrality and importance of the factors for each of the scenarios, the above model is examined and evaluated to determine what effect each of the drivers in the scenarios will have on the obstacles to the realization of the smart city. Considering that the predetermined factors will always be static, the changes in the level of barriers to the realization of the smart city will only be formed as a result of the changes in the drivers of the uncertainty type. Critical uncertainties cause the number of barriers to realizing a smart city to change and, in some cases, decrease and, in other cases, increase, which can be considered system results. According to the comparison of the changes in the obstacles to the realization of the smart city in different scenarios, a comprehensive analysis can be extracted regarding the realization of the smart city, and a theoretical model can be developed based on the average changes in the obstacles according to all scenarios.Based on the findings of this research, to realize the management of the smart city of Rasht, it is necessary to establish the governance fields of people institutions in the city and the city to become global by relying on its branding capabilities, such as the creative city of gastronomy and should be introduced more and more to provide sustainable development in the UNESCO creative cities network and also by taking advantage of successful models in planned migration and sustainable urban development of Rasht and surrounding satellite towns. Centralized structures to create sustainable development can be considered a solution to achieve integrated, sustainable, and intelligent management in Rasht. This research intends to provide a clear answer to this question by presenting a systematic model and using methods based on strategic foresight. To answer the main question of the research, first by reviewing the research conducted on smart city management and analyzing the content of the study conducted in the field of establishing smart cities and exploring the research conducted at the international and national level, the key related factors They were identified with the management of smart cities based on thematic literature and conducted researches. The degree of centrality of the factor of lack of optimal health management and commodification of land more than other factors and the impact of changing business patterns and its effect on the economic system of the city and the lack of optimal management of the health sector have the most impact among the obstacles. In this way, in the middle of the model presented in this research, urban management obstacles are noted, considering the degree of centrality and influence. In the two outer layers of the figure, predetermined elements and drivers with uncertainty are placed. In the first layer, there are the factors and aspects of the internal context that occur in the urban management ecosystem and have the ability to be planned by the urban management factors, and in the second layer, which is the external context, there are elements that are influenced by the factors between are international and outside the control of the city management. The above model was created based on the intensity of relationships and the power of influence between them. Then, based on the degree of centrality and importance of the factors for each scenario, the above model is examined and evaluated to determine what effect each of the drivers in the scenarios will have on the obstacles of smart city management. Considering that the predetermined factors will always be static, the changes in the level of barriers to the realization of the smart city will only be formed as a result of the changes in the drivers of the uncertainty type. Critical uncertainties cause the number of barriers to realizing a smart city to change and, in some cases, decrease and, in other cases, increase, which can be considered system results. According to the comparison of the changes in the obstacles to the realization of the smart city in different scenarios, a comprehensive analysis can be extracted regarding the realization of the smart city, and a theoretical model can be developed based on the average changes in the obstacles according to all scenarios.

In the modern world, urban spaces, on the one hand, and contemporary citizens, on the other hand, are heavily influenced by the effects of smart and virtual spaces and technologies. Hence, it is pivotal to establish spaces that would simultaneously meet the health needs of contemporary humans and pay special attention to the smart dimensions of contemporary life. The concepts of a healthy city and a smart city are emerging ideas that were introduced towards the end of the twentieth century, driven by the rapid growth of urban populations and the resulting challenges, along with economic and technological changes brought about by globalization. The concept of healthy cities was developed within an initiative framework by the World Health Organization and was introduced in the wake of the search for promoting health by a general entity of the international sphere (Taylor, 2010). The concept of smart cities was also initiated by technological companies in the private sector and refers to the utilization of innovations and technological sources in urban infrastructure and services. Accordingly, just as there are a large number of innovative approaches, there are common indicators used both in healthy cities and in smart cities. Assuming a general health priority, the subject of smartization in urban space is regarded as a strategic objective, causing the fatality of pandemic and non-pandemic diseases to be fewer and thus helping to create a prosperous and competitive economy. The present study aims to explain the components affecting a smart and healthy urban space and to provide a general conceptual framework in this connection.

From a goal perspective, the study was applied, and from the nature of information and its analytical perspective, it was qualitative, falling under documentary research. The present study was also considered a mixed research method. In this direction, the dimensions and components of a healthy and smart city, raised by professionals and experts, were first collected and were then coded by using content analysis, leading to the determination of a general healthy and smart city framework. Next, the determined indicators were firstly incorporated and then scored and ranked by ten experts by using the five criteria of urban space scales, health and smartization relevance, easiness of access to information, measurability, and spatial diversity changes via the Goeller scorecard method. Because the five criteria are not equally important, the AHP method and Expert Choice software were used to assign weights to the criteria. To calculate the final score, the score of each indicator was multiplied by the weight of the relevant criterion, and then all the scores resulting from the indicators were added up, leading to a final score of 10. The indicators that received a score of higher than 5 were selected and the “general conceptual framework of a healthy city with a smart city approach” was explained. Finally, to control the quality of the extracted framework, the Cohen’s Kappa Index was used to compare the researcher’s view with an expert’s to finally provide an ID of indicators.

The explained conceptual framework consisted of 5 economic, social, managerial, physical and environmental dimensions, encompassing 12 components and 52 indicators of a healthy and smart urban space. The economic dimension consists of the component of economic prosperity and the indicators of strengthening local markets, tourism, and business diversity. The social dimension consists of the component of social communications with the indicators of social engagement, social and ethnic plurality, participation in social life, the component of social facilities with the indicators of accessibility and the awareness-raising of cultural events, accessibility and the awareness-raising of recreational events, access to sports amenities, access to welfare services, access to high-speed Internet, wireless coverage, and finally the component of health with the indicators of access to healthy food, promoting bodily exercises, awareness-raising and training health principles, and access to healthcare services. The managerial dimension consists of the component of urban management that involves the indicators of cultural heritage preservation (regeneration), citizens’ satisfaction with urban management performance, administrating the effective programs of garbage collecting and recycling and traffic management. The physical dimension consists of five components titled as accessibility with the indicators of access to public transportation, access to pedestrian zones, access to cycling paths, access to places of rest, access to green spaces, access to clean public spaces, access to washrooms, access to parking lots, safety with the indicators of the safety of cycling paths, the safety of pedestrian zones, traffic safety, the quality of urban pathways, security with the indicators of lighting and illumination of urban spaces, 24-hour land uses, the new generation of rescue police, social monitoring (urban smart cameras), transportation with the indicators of various and diverse options of vehicles, providing the Internet in public transportation, timers indicating the time of arriving at the destination, the applications showing the position of the public vehicles, the quality of public transportation (using sensors to improve public mobility), non-motorized public transportation (EVs, hybrids, and scooters), and environmental design with the indictors of land use diversity, design proportionate to peoples’ needs, diverse greenery, the quality of urban furniture, and place attachment. The environmental dimension consists of two components of energy with the indicator of using renewable sources and the environmental quality with the indicators of air, sound, and visual quality, water quality, and surface water collection and disposal.

According to the scores calculated, the environmental dimension with a score of 9.4 held greater importance than other dimensions and should be paid special attention in urban planning and designing. As all indicators of environmental quality received a score of 9.9, a key requirement for creating a healthy urban space with a smart city approach is to focus on air and water quality, reduce sound and visual pollution, and manage and collect surface waters effectively. The physical dimension with a score of 8.6 ranked second, followed by the social dimension (a score of 8), and economic and managerial dimensions with scores of 7.6 and 6.9, respectively.

Changes in the global system, especially in the urban area, have doubled the need for attention and planning in the field of technology. Paying attention to technology-oriented approaches, including urban smartness, is an undeniable necessity. This issue is very important in metropolises including Tehran due to various economic, social, physical and environmental problems. Therefore, the examination of metropolises in terms of smart city indicators and effective factors in its promotion can lead to the development and realization of this approach. The purpose of this research is to investigate this issue in areas 1 and 20 of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed through elite society and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha more than 0.70. The statistical population of the research was formed by specialists in the field of urban development and urban planning in two districts one and twenty of Tehran. 100 questionnaires were distributed at the sample level and in total, 93 questionnaires were completed. The result showed that smart city indicators including smart economy, smart movement, smart people, smart governance, smart life and smart environment are not in a favorable situation. Based on the results of Friedman's test, the best situation was related to the smart life index with an average of 3.025 and then the smart economy index with an average of 2.931. Also, the result of the independent samples t-test confirmed that there is a significant difference between regions 1 and 20 in terms of smart city indicators, which is better than region 1. Based on the results, three institutional, human and technological factors have the greatest impact in the promotion and realization of a smart city for Tehran.

The rapid growth of the urban population in the current era necessitates efficient planning and management of cities in the face of natural and human crises. In the past, disaster management was focused as an action in response to natural disasters, while today, in moving towards smartness, the city's ability to effectively respond to natural disasters is highly dependent on the use of information and communication technology infrastructure. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the concepts and principles of the smart city and its effective aspects in crisis management. The results of the research showed that there are many examples of the use of smart city tools in crisis management, including artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and blockchain. In this article, how each one works in different stages of crisis management: It came from the crisis, during the crisis and after the crisis.At the end, the application of Internet of Things and Blockchain in crisis management has been investigated

Even though Garden City was invented in response to the unsanitary conditions of cities to improve the quality of life by combining the city with the countryside at the beginning of the 20th century, the early third millennium concept of Smart City (SC) aimed at addressing human-induced global climate change and urbanization challenges, with the belief that the quality of life in cities can be improved by integrating information and communication technologies. In general, despite many efforts to clarify and disambiguate the concept of a SC in the literature review, there remains a paucity of evidence on understanding "what is a Smart City?" to delineate the conceptual capabilities of the SC for urban policymaking. Hence, the question is addressed by data coding as well as the identification of categories in the content of 99 definitions of SC based on the analyzing method of Rogers' Evolutionary Concept (REC). Identifying the antecedents of the SC concept within such definitions shows that it is strongly influenced by the fuzzy and noisy atmosphere of the technology market. However, nowadays the clear paths set by the technology companies are less discussed and more emphasis is placed on the context and perspective in the development of this concept. The main characteristic of most of the resources related to the analysis and development of the concept of the SC is their tendency to search for common functional features (smart economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and life) by focusing on novel and advanced technologies that would gain widespread acceptance (as they do). In general terms, the concept is composed of three components based on the definitions: conditions, characteristics, and results. Technology, community, institution, and context are factors or conditions that determine the characteristics of a SC. Such characteristics include two basic dimensions: functional and structural. System search and systematization in SC are based on structural features, i.e., a digital structure (platform) for organizing functions, services, and interactions in space. The objectifying functional characteristics are dependent on structural characteristics (instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent). The functional improvement of the city as a consequence of focusing on new information and communication technologies contributes to these expected results improving the quality of life, sustainability, and optimization of processes (i.e., efficiency). Considering the evolutionary road of the SC concept, the main question would be how we can move up the role of citizens from "technicians' data subjects" to "enabled agents". The expression "SC" refers to cities that benefited from technological changeability. While the technology tends to be only one bombastic item of structural elements, it is evident that other players, more specifically citizens, will play a significant role in developing the SC concept in the literature - though it is influenced by the companies' narrative. The inclusion of words such as citizens/people/city dwellers in the new definitions does not imply the characteristics of the concept are changed, instead, it refers to a different expression of the previous technological concept. The main argument is that specialists and managers need a comprehensive understanding of the big picture of social arenas and dynamics for the "participatory smartening of cities".

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities, inspired by new technologies, provide urban services to improve the quality of public services in the community. This new attitude towards cities can improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. Therefore, a new and conceptual look is needed in a smart city to give it a new framework. The main objectives of smart cities are to optimize urban activities, boost economic growth, and improve the quality of life of citizens. The research focuses on the concept of a smart city, its objectives, and its indicators. The present research methodology is a descriptive-analysis of the type of application that collects the required data using library information and authoritative articles. The results show that smart cities have reached indicators such as management, energy, building, transport, urban services and therapy, technology, and smart citizens. Key areas of smart cities include economics, people and governments, the environment, and smart living, which can lead to greater energy efficiency, increased yield, careful analysis of consumption, and data collection. As a result, these experimental measures will promote the development of cities, creating new insights that will improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. The new definition will inform future generations and their work in cities, communities, and achieving cities with intelligent concepts.

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development of new technologies and infrastructures. Also, there are internationally approved indexes for measuring and evaluating the state of intelligence of citizens, which of course can be revised based on the cultural and contextual conditions of each region in cities. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject and to extract and diagnose the intelligence indexes of citizens in Iran, in this research, after document, with the conceptualization method, the indexes and sub-indexes of citizen evaluation have been extracted and then in the stage of survey studies, electronic questionnaires have been designed to measure the mentioned indexes and distributed among about 270 citizens of Tehran (as the capital and the leader in the field of intelligence in the country). In the next stage, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been carried out. By using multivariate regression and beta test, related indicators have been ranked and interpreted. Finally, the results show that the participation index is the most important element in the field of smart citizens, and this indicates that the promotion of the role of the citizens does not necessarily depend on the provision of infrastructure and the introduction of new technologies in cities. Also, suggestions for educating smart citizens from preschool to university level have been presented.

By combining knowledge (citizens) and smart technology, cities can transform into places that offer better services, preserve the environment, promote economic growth, and enhance the social and cultural capabilities of the community.

This paper aims to compare and analyze variables, scales, and approaches used in studies related to smart cities and knowledge societies (72 articles).

The research method used in this study is the "meta-analysis" method, which is employed to examine the factors influencing the creation of smart cities with an emphasis on knowledge societies.

The results indicate that the theoretical framework and analysis of smart knowledge are multidimensional concepts that draw upon various theoretical foundations from the fields of smart cities, knowledge-based cities, knowledge societies, information society, learning cities, and knowledge places. The analysis of articles published between 2000 and 2023 in this field shows that the studies mainly focus on five components related to "smart cities with an emphasis on knowledge societies": governance, economy, environment, culture, and technology.

From the comprehensive evaluation of research findings, it can be inferred that not only is the understanding of the concept of smart knowledge cities insufficient in domestic research, but also due to superficial studies and an inadequate understanding of fundamental concepts of knowledge societies, there is a need for deeper studies in this field. Finally, a theoretical framework for smart cities with an emphasis on knowledge societies is derived from this comprehensive review.

The implementation of a smart city requires following a specific approach. Failure to overcome the appropriate approach in some developing countries has led to their confusion in creating smart cities. The smart city seeks to speed up and facilitate the above processes using technology and provide better answers to urban challenges such as climate change. Along with technology, urban ecology examines variables such as urban management, urban planning and communication. The current research seeks to examine the factors that make up the smart city ecosystem in Iran with a mixed exploratory research method. In this regard, first, 13 academic and urban management experts were interviewed and 65 basic themes were identified using the theme analysis method. Among these, it was determined by the fuzzy Delphi method that 49 themes can be used by experts in Iran, then Friedman's test was used to rank the factors and important factors were introduced. In this regard, 5 important factors for creating a smart city that should be considered by policy makers are: smart governance, smart population management, smart technologies, smart environment and smart transportation.

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter is using less energy resources and creating maximum efficiency. In recent years, the technology employment has become important to speed up the process of daily work and improve the quality of life; however, it has not been formed in a comprehensive and integrated way. This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of smart city indicators in Tabriz. The feasibility of six basic components of a smart city in social, political, environmental and other fields has been investigated. The current research method is a library and questionnaire. Considering the specialization of intelligence and the requirements of its realization, the extracted questionnaire was completed with the cooperation of professors and experts. The results were analyzed in SPSS software. Based on Cronbach's numbers, Tabriz city has been in a relatively favorable situation in terms of realizing the characteristics of a smart city. But in general, this city cannot be called smart.

Today, smart cities are a new paradigm in the global urban planning system. Based on the capabilities of information and communication technology, these smart cities try to improve the quality of life in places which are immersed in numerous problems with social, economic, environmental and other dimensions. However, a comprehensive, multidimensional, complex smart city is based on the urban planning paradigm of complexity and chaos which can lead to successful planning and management. The present study, from the perspective of modern chaos theory, is aimed to formulate strategic requirements for the realization of the smart city in Ahvaz metropolis.

This article is in the category of applied-developmental research, which is question-based. It has been accomplished using bibliographic and survey method, using exploratory factor analysis, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking test in SPSS software. The survey instrument was a 5-point Likert questionnaire whose final content validity was confirmed by professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.906. The statistical population consist of the experts of the institutions involved in the smartening process of Ahvaz metropolis. A combination of clustered snowball sampling methods and monitored network was used in this research. Finally, 380 questionnaires were completed. The adequacy of the number of samples was confirmed by KMO method.

Based on the findings of the research, in relation to the theory of chaos, it is possible to conclude that Ahvaz metropolis is affected by the non-linear effect in the smartening process; also, the butterfly effect is significant in this metropolis. Moreover, in connection with the modulating variable of the power of universities and research institutes, sensibly, it can be accepted that the condition of this component is also not inappropriate. Using Friedman’s ranking test, the authors ranked the components and indicators including the butterfly effect of social and ethnic pluralism, social moderators, steady flow of energy, people, non-linear effect, variable modulating power of universities and research institutes, contexts, structural forces, institutional forces. Finally, the use of communication and information technology capabilities in promoting environmental quality (motivators) are located.

Based on the results of the research, nonlinear effects govern the process of smart city development in Ahvaz significantly. This implies that a nonlinear system, influenced by variables such as conflicting interests, developmental contradictions, ownership conflicts, and the level of technology acceptance by the public, dominates the realization of the smart city in Ahvaz. These factors have led to turbulent conditions in this metropolis. In this context, the impact of two key factors, namely, government and oil, on this process and system, as well as the central-peripheral dynamics shaped in the country, particularly in connection with the oil-rich city of Ahvaz, cannot be overlooked. As many researchers have emphasized in their studies, the government has commercialized money and capital in the cities through the vast banking system. It has helped the expansion of cities and urbanization more than ever. This extensive and unmatched influence of the government originates above all from the way of obtaining its revenue sources, i.e. the export of crude oil, the resulting national surplus has an important contribution to the accumulation of capital and expanding reproduction in the economic process of the country. In such an atmosphere, the military creation of the center and the periphery has caused the emergence of an unbalanced national development model. Therefore, as observed in the analytical research model, the government and oil entities, in addition to their impact within the framework of internal structural institutions of the Ahvaz metropolis, are considered external influential factors in the overall drivers of smart city realization in Ahvaz. The presence of these two entities, due to their interactions with each other and the factors of conflicting interests, developmental contradictions, ownership conflicts, and the level of technology acceptance by the public, intensifies the nonlinear effects in the process of smart city development in Ahvaz. Inside, the stimuli have stimulated the drives and the drivers - based on the theoretical foundations of smart cities - with the goal of achieving a more efficient, sustainable, livable and fairer city in an urban framework with dimensions of smart environment, smart life, smart economy, smart mobility, smart governance and smart people to mobilize resources and facilities. But in the meantime, the factor of social and ethnic pluralism as a factor with a butterfly effect can be effective in this movement from drivers to a smart city. Also, in this transformation, two social moderator variables and the power of universities and research institutes are effective in this movement. In addition, the internet access flows as a constant flow of energy on the entire system.

Population growth in urban areas, especially in areas with organic structures, has led to problems such as traffic caused by narrow passages and difficulties related to intervention in its structures. Many of these problems are solved through planning at the neighborhood level. One of the approaches proposed in the last few decades to solve urban problems is the smart city approach, which affects the urban system. Therefore, the current research aims to evaluate the sustainability of the historical context based on the smart city approach. In terms of methodology, based on the nature of the goal, it is of an applied type, and based on the nature of the method, it is of a descriptive-case and analytical-prescriptive type. We have used library, document, and field methods and questionnaires to collect information. We used confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS software and quantitative strategic planning matrix QSPM for data analysis. The research results also show that, finally, after analyzing and discussing the characteristics, the Sanbulistan neighborhood has the potential and necessary infrastructure to become a neighborhood that conforms to the indicators of a smart city. Among the essential solutions proposed in this field are the revival and economic productivity and the promotion of intelligent business through encouraging entrepreneurship and the development of startups, as well as the expansion of neighborhood online businesses related to the services needed by residents, the development of the intelligent bicycle plan and the provision of superior facilities to bike paths

According to different experts around the world, smart city has different features and dimensions.  And the implementation of a smart city faces challenges like any other effective matter. The city of Ahvaz is like all the cities that move in the direction of development.  In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to identify and solve these challenges as soon as possible. By solving these problems; Take the steps of sustainable development as fast and better as possible one after the other.
The goal of the smart city is to achieve the integration of urban services, business, transportation, water, energy and other urban subsystems by combining and analyzing data collected through sensors and information and communication technology. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the obstacles and challenges facing the smart city in Ahvaz.
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the present study was 42 experts in this field. Library-field method (questionnaire) was used to collect information. In this study, eight barriers (management and organization, technology, individuals and communities, political context, environment, economy, governance, infrastructure) have been evaluated statistically and the data obtained through PROMETHEE visual software have been analyzed., To prioritize effective criteria in a smart urban city.The results showed that the environmental index with a pH of + 0/6044 had the highest weight and the index of individuals and communities with a weight of pH 0/2967 had the lowest scoring priority of the challenges facing the smart city.
The results showed that until the people's participation and cooperation and attention to the improvement of urban planning on the part of the people and officials are strengthened, it is not possible to move towards a smart city. Other factors such as weak management of the city administration, failure to remove legal and regulatory obstacles, lack of alignment of organizational and project goals, resistance to change and lack of inter-organizational and inter-departmental cooperation, etc., also require the attention of city officials and planners.

Studies show that urban comprehensive plans in their current form and approach have not been able to promote the goals for which they have been established and have not been updated with new technologies and changes in the pattern of space consumption in content and method. Emphasizing the use of the best examples of global experiences in urban planning and modeling to achieve smart cities, this research tries to provide suggestions for changes in the traditional process of planning in order to achieve the smart cities program. The current research was conducted through multi-methods and qualitative studies. In the first stage, with the method of conceptualization and after reviewing the basics and available documents of planning smart cities in five selected countries, South Korea, India, America, China, and the Netherlands (which were selected based on criteria for usability in Iran). Comparative analysis tables have been prepared to evaluate goals and macro and micro programs. In the next stage, with a semi-structured interview method with a group of city managers, the community of academic experts, and consulting engineers preparing urban development plans, the pathology of the current situation and the understanding of priorities, needs, attitudes, and problems were carried out. Is. The sample size of the interviews for each group was ten people, and the results were saturated with this number. They were analyzed with the interpretative method and the relevant tables. Finally, according to the examples of successful global experiences, suggestions in the form of necessary documents, the process of submitting a smart city proposal, selecting a consultant, preparing, implementing, and monitoring it, and the necessary institutional structure in the form of special smart city plans in Iran have been presented.

In the last century, rapid advances in information and communication technology, i.e. smart cities, have reduced the quality of life in environmental and socio-economic dimensions, i.e. the livability of cities globally. The corona pandemic or the "Covid-19 phenomenon" shows the vulnerability of cities in their current conditions. From the point of view of the objective, the current research is applied and in terms of research method, it has a descriptive-analytical nature. In this research, it was discussed, four dimensions (biological, social, economic and managerial) and nineteen indicators (natural potentials, the amount of public green space, flexibility, vitality and exhilaration of the urban space, economic productivity, diversity of use and economic activities, infrastructure and information technology, safe and sustainable transportation system, etc.) The viability of smart cities and the prioritization of their role in reducing harmful effects in the post-corona era were discussed using the AHP method. The results of the research show that in order of environmental, managerial, economic and social dimensions were important, and in the environmental dimension, the health index of the individual and the environment with 0.299, in the social dimension, the safety and security index with 0.445, in the economic dimension, the economic productivity index with 0.484, and in the management dimension, the supply index Information technology and infrastructure with 0.286, has the highest score and influence. At the end, the findings were presented in two parts, the amassment of goals and policies for creating a smart livable city in postcoronavirus and effective solutions to control the consequences of post-coronavirus in livable smart cities.