کیفیت محیط

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder worldwide, including in Iran, and it poses an important issue not only as a debilitating illness but also due to its associated disease burden, pathogenicity, suicide rates, and its destructive effects on societal function and the economy. Consequently, it is particularly sensitive among vulnerable groups, including adolescents and young adults. The psychological effects of the built environment, especially in neighborhoods where individuals interact for extended periods, on depression during the sensitive periods of adolescence and youth are undeniable. Today, the failure to focus on the quality of the neighborhood environment contributes to negative sentiments, which are linked to depression in these demographic groups across urban areas. Thus, a critical problem is the insufficient attention to the direct impacts of the quality of the built environment on the depression of adolescents and young adults. This issue, exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of depression in urban settings, highlights the necessity for cooperation in urban design and the development of foundational understandings from an urban design perspective, adopting a comprehensive approach. However, few studies have investigated this issue among these populations in Asian countries, particularly in Iran. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to assess the potential of urban design in neighborhoods to reduce depression among adolescents and young adults living in these areas. Accordingly, this article explores the effects of neighborhood environmental qualities on depression in Yazd, Iran.This research utilized a quantitative method and was conducted as a survey-type study. Data were collected from 194 individuals aged 15 to 35 residing in three neighborhoods of the city: historical, middle, and new. The qualities of the objective and perceived environment, as well as measures of depression, were assessed through the Analytical Audit Tool (for evaluating the objective environment of the neighborhoods), NEWS-Y (for measuring neighborhood environments based on residents’ perceptions), and the BDI-II (for assessing residents’ depression). Regression analysis and ANOVA tests were employed to analyze the relationships. The findings indicated that, except for legibility, permeability, and climatic comfort, the qualities of land use diversity, security, safety, housing quality, sociability, aesthetics, sensory richness, place attachment, and environmental cleanliness were significantly and inversely related to depression. Therefore, functional, ecological, and experiential-aesthetic qualities have a relationship with depression. Additionally, based on the results, the role of environmental quality in depression is significant due to the multitude of influencing factors involved. This relationship is stronger in the historical neighborhood, which has lower environmental quality, but its intensity decreases in the middle and new neighborhoods, which possess higher environmental quality. As a result, the prevention and treatment of depression require a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach in which the quality of the built environment and the principles of urban design play a critical role. Therefore, improving the environmental quality of neighborhoods can serve as an effective adaptive strategy for reducing depression among adolescents and young adults, particularly in historical neighborhoods, thus yielding more stable outcomes alongside the broader benefit of reducing public depression.

Urban design, as the science and art of organizing and creating urban spaces, plays a critical role in enhancing the quality of life for citizens. One of the contemporary approaches to urban design is urban regeneration, which focuses on the reuse of abandoned spaces, the renovation, and repurposing of underutilized lands, transforming these areas into dynamic and efficient urban centers. The regeneration of abandoned lands and their conversion into innovation hubs is not only an economic solution but also a social, cultural, and environmental approach that contributes to the creation of vibrant, sustainable, and high-quality cities for living. This approach enables cities to evolve beyond being mere residential areas, becoming spaces for growth, connection, and inspiration. The main research question is: How can innovation ecosystems practically contribute to the process of urban regeneration? The study is applied in nature and falls within the category of analytical research. Data collection was carried out using both library research and field methods (interviews), while data analysis was conducted using GIS software. To this end, the activity patterns and innovation management frameworks within innovation ecosystems were first identified (including science and technology parks, innovation stations and factories, innovation centers, and co-working and dedicated spaces). The minimum area requirements for the establishment of these models were also determined. Subsequently, abandoned lands in District 17 of Tehran were identified, and based on their respective areas, functional patterns were assigned. The results indicate the following:- 23 Parcels are suitable for establishing innovation stations and factories.- 11 Parcels are suitable for innovation centers.- 38 Parcels can be used to develop co-working and dedicated workspaces.- Additionally, 12 lands with appropriate density considerations can be adapted for co-working and dedicated workspaces.Science and technology parks, being of a supra-regional scale, are not feasible for establishment within this district.

The growth of urban population and urbanization before the process of urban planning, along with problems and problems such as migration to cities and the subsequent uneven distribution of population, informal settlements, lack of urban per capita, etc., have caused the quality of livability of Iranian cities to decline. The city of Gorgan is no exception to this. This city is due to its special geographical location and suitable natural condition, the political-administrative and economic centrality of the region and province, its ability to immigrate, the type of residence and house building of numerous social groups in the city, the ethnic diversity and culture of different ethnic groups together, has caused that in the city Gorgan has a different and unique look and texture from the human settlements in this city. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and evaluate the livability of the three regions of Gorgan City based on the physical-spatial index. According to its nature, the present research is practical in terms of descriptive-analytical method by using a combination of quantitative models. The required data were obtained from the method of library studies, observation, and field technique (researcher-made questionnaire) in the form of 6 indicators including facilities and infrastructure, open and public spaces, landscape, transportation, pollution, housing quality, and 24 items. Is. To analyze the data from SPSS software, t-tests to check the measurement of the difference between the average of the research sample (theoretical average) and the average of the population; ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance) to examine the difference in the average dimensions of the six variables of the research index among the studied areas; From the multivariate regression test to investigate the influence of each of the variables of the physical index of livability in evaluating the livability of the studied areas; And finally, Friedman's test was used to rank and evaluate the effect of each of the physical-spatial index variables on the livability status and prioritize the variables. The results obtained from the t-test show that in terms of physical livability, Area One of Gorgan City is in a completely favorable and normal condition, Area Three is in an average condition, and Area Two is in a weaker condition than other areas. The results of the ANOVA test show that the conditions and status of the physical variables are not the same in all three regions and a significant difference can be seen among the three studied regions. The regression results indicate the impact of the research variables and the results of the Friedman test also showed that the housing variable ranks first and the pollution variable ranks last in the impact on the physical-spatial livability index in the city of Gorgan. Therefore, due to the existence of cultural and ethnic diversity as well as different living conditions; Different livability can be seen in terms of physical-spatial indicators at the level of regions and localities of Gorgan city. In the end, to achieve the goals of the research, strategies, and solutions have been presented in the form of research proposals.

Today, the study of a residential environment is important because of its effectiveness on important planning indicators such as residential relocation rate, quality of life, and housing demand forecasting, and the quality of the environment is a factor affecting urban population movements. Residential stability leads to community cohesion, the formation of social networks, and informal social monitoring, which collectively lead to the solution of community and neighborhood problems. The purpose of this research is to discover the factors affecting residential instability and the desire to move, especially with respect to the quality of the environment of residential buildings in the city of Arak, Iran.

 Theoretical Framework:

From the early 1950s, the big cities of Iran were exposed to massive migration. The immediate solution to this crisis was to build residential buildings in sparsely populated areas. The point that can be seen in the process of creating residential buildings in Iran is that they have often neglected the principles and criteria of urban planning in the planning and design of residential buildings and have failed to create desirable residential environments. They have also ignored the residents in the design of the buildings, decreasing their level of satisfaction.Moreover, the quality of the environment is considered as a factor affecting population movements within the city and attempts to leave the neighborhoods. The residents’ assessment of their residential environment is effective on the size of population attracted to and retained in the urban area, and it is an important factor influential on population mobility within the city.Studies have demonstrated in regard to the differences between planned and actual residential moves that 48 percent of those who have intended to move have left their homes after 5 years, while 14% of those who have planned to stay have also moved. Reducing residential mobility is a step towards building a stable neighborhood.

The method of information analysis adopted in this research is based on the systematic approach of Strauss’ and Corbin’s theories in the three main steps of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, which is based on continuous comparison.Open coding is based on general questions aimed at discovering the truth, such as why you stayed in this building, why you intend to go, and what factors make you stay or leave. Axial coding is aimed to establish a relationship between the concepts generated in the open coding step. The basis of the communication process in axial coding is to focus on and define a category as the central one and then place other categories as sub-categories below the main one.In selective coding, the utilized categories are theoretically saturated.The first and second steps are logically placed next to each other based on the coded concepts. Then, the researcher must choose the core category. Here, the major categories are related to each other in the form of a paradigm model (contextual model) around the core category.

The findings indicate that 23.5% of the residents tended to stay in their current homes for one to four years, while the estimated lengths of stay in their current homes included five to eight years for 17.8%, six to twelve years for 10.0%, and above sixteen years for 2.8%. The greatest impact on residential stability concerning the subject of the research is exhibited by causal conditions (such as the design and construction of a building), which are formed before its construction, and conditions other than the background ones (such as the location of the building in the city), taking shape after its construction, which include intervening and strategic conditions. Strategic conditions are exemplified by feelings of security and tranquility, congestion, and management, and intervening conditions include neighborhood relations, residents’ cultural level and social homogeneity, lack of economic capacity to move, and lack of buyers. The reasons for the poor conditions of the building (which are more personal and individual and are different for each person) include factors affecting residential stability and the desire to move.

Good building quality and cultural level and homogeneity were the first and second priorities of the residents to achieve residential stability. However, the respondents’ important reasons include the high level of reference to peace and security, high access level, proper management, and economic inability to move. Other items mentioned include proper location of the apartment and the building. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the factors that create residential stability are different from those that create the desire and tendency to move. The factors creating residential stability are stated based on facts and needs, but those for tendency to move are stated based on wishes, ideals, and expectations. Furthermore, the greater the distance between these two (real requests and wishes), the greater the desire to move.

Residential neighborhoods, especially historical neighborhoods, have a special place in cities. Nowadays, inappropriate planning and design policies in Iranian cities have caused socio-physical problems for these neighborhoods, causing their sustainability to be considered. Hence, to reach sustainability and enhance life quality in historical neighborhoods, it is proposed to apply regeneration and revitalization approaches. The present study aims to examine regeneration components and indicators in historical neighborhoods from the perspective of experts to improve the quality of the environment in them. Therefore, it pursues two objectives A) explaining regeneration components and indicators in historical neighborhoods, and B) proposing planning strategies, interventions, and design tactics that can improve the physical quality of historic neighborhoods. The current study is applied descriptive-analytical research carried out using quantitative methods and modeling experts' minds. Moreover, multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) techniques are applied to prioritize the components influencing the regeneration of historical neighborhoods. The current research includes three main stages. The first stage reviews the theoretical foundations of urban regeneration and explains its components and indicators in historical neighborhoods. In this stage, the required data are collected through information sources, and finally, the conceptual research framework and historical neighborhood regeneration components are presented. In the second stage, the historical neighborhoods of Shiraz city are investigated in regeneration components and indicators explained in the previous stage from the perspective of experts (in the field of urban planning and architecture). It should be mentioned that at this stage, 14 selected experts (academic and professional, in the field of urban restoration, architecture, urban design, and planning), who were fully familiar with the historic fabric of Shiraz, participated in the research. Moreover, in this stage, the evaluations carried out were analyzed using MADM techniques (Dematel and Network Analysis Process). The network analysis process was applied to rank the regeneration components and indicators using the Superdecision V.2.10 software. In the last stage, according to the results of the evaluations, planning strategies, interventions, and design tactics were suggested for valuable historical neighborhoods. The findings showed that the economic component, with two indicators of local economy and job creation, had top priority, followed by the social component with the security indicator. Moreover, the physical component and density development indicator were relatively less important in the regeneration of the historical neighborhoods of Shiraz from the point of view of experts. This view of the experts can be attributed to the fact that indicators such as the local economy can strengthen other dimensions and criteria and thereby, provide a sustainable context and enhance public participation in neighborhood regeneration. The network analysis of the relationships between the regeneration indicators reveals that security and the quality of the residential environment are the most important indicators. Also, the mentioned indicators are considered the most influential and influenced regeneration indicators from the experts’ viewpoints. Finally, based on the findings, some planning, and design strategies are suggested to urban decision-makers in three dimensions: A) Economic strategies, including strengthening micro-socioeconomic activities in the neighborhood; B) social strategies, including engaging residents in the design and planning process, as well as revitalizing cultural and social events; and C) physical strategies, including enhancing the quality of the residential environment, preserving and revitalizing outstanding historical elements in the neighborhood, and strengthening public realms.

Man recognizes and perceives the environment not only through the sense of sight but also through all his senses. Therefore, paying attention to non-physical dimensions in the environment can lead to the creation of spaces with higher environmental qu-ality and better sensory richness. One of the drivers of sense of belonging to the environment is the soundscape, which also affects the quality of urban space. The concept of soundscape refers to the profound effect of natural sounds and tunes on a person's sense of the environment and thus the effect on sensory richness and belonging to the environment. The main goal of this research is identify and evaluate the points of articulation and connection between the two concepts of soundscape and sense of belonging to the environment, in order to explain the intensity and relationship between these two variables in Farahzad neighborhood, that located on the northwest side in District 2 of Tehran, which is also one of the entertainment centers in Tehran. The statistical population of this study includes all residents and users of this site. This research is done on 385 people living or visiting this neighborhood through Sense Walking method. Pleasure is considered as the overall quality of the soundscape of the area from the people's point of view. In this method, people were asked to mark the sound index points in the map by holding a site map and focusing on the sense of hearing, and to determine its pleasant and unpleasant levels between 1 and 5. Accordingly, the number 1 indicates complete unpleasantness and the number 5 indicates the complete pleasantness of the soundscape and the numbers between them express the intermediate qualities. Then, we have considered the average level of pleasantness of different points expressed by people as the overall quality of the soundscape of the area from their point of view. A questionnaire was used to assess the sense of belonging to the area and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analysis the correlation between the sense of belonging to the environment and the quality of the soundscape. The result of this study with respect to the correlation coefficient of 0.603 indicates a significant relationship between the quality of the soundscape and the degree of sense of spatial belonging in Farahzad neighborhood. On the other hand, the correlation between A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level (L_Aeq) in different spaces studied in Farahzad neighborhood and the average level of satisfaction announced by the respondents is equal to -0.739, which shows a significant and inverse relationship between sound intensity and the quality of the soundscape. The results of research show that the quality of the soundscape in three dimensions of environmental, individual and social is effective in the sense of belonging to the environment, So that the presence of natural elements in the environmental dimension, promoting mental health in the individual dimension and finally listening to the sounds and voices of neighborhood residents and acquaintances in the social dimension has an important effect on the sense of belonging to the environment.

Different sensory stimuli, such as light, color, smell, sound and texture, play an important role in perceiving the quality of an environment. Heat, like other sensory stimuli, can contribute to the richness of an environment and provide a greater benefit to people. The fact that a person in addition to the thermal comfort of a particular environment can also benefit from its thermal quality, is a desirable point that can be considered by designers and architects.The idea, called "thermal pleasure", aims to make people percept the thermal quality in addition to its quantity, which has a numerical aspect. This issue can provide a basis for changing the study of thermal comfort in the field of architecture. Along with different complementary theories that try to understand thermal comfort more accurately, the concept of thermal pleasure has a qualitative look at it, considering the living environment. Since the discussion of the factors and relationships that shape thermal pleasure in the built environment has not been studied so far, it is necessary to extract these factors based on lived and real human experiences and determine the relationships between them. This study uses grounded theory, as a qualitative method, to provide a theoretical framework for the formation of thermal pleasure in the built environment. The findings of this study show that from the cooperation between thermal distinction and the messages received from the environment and the thermal resource, other factors that activate thermal pleasure are manifested from four aspects: physiological, psychological, behavioral and value. Nevertheless, according to the economic and socio-cultural and spatial context, the type of peoplechr('39')s perception of thermal quality also differs. The theoretical framework presented in this research helps to provide a stronger basis for designing future research as well as data collection following the study of thermal quality in the built environment.

Universities are social and physical environments that have an impact on attitudes, social behavior, academic interactions, and academic and student-related situations, as well as the relationship between university management and academic community and participation in learning. Meanwhile, paying attention to factors influencing participation in learning can play an important role in the desirability of these spaces. Considering the importance of environmental quality, this research, while investigating the concept of environmental quality as an independent variable and its dimensions, by explaining environmental quality indices, examines the role of environmental quality in contributing to learning participation as a dependent variable. In this regard, the present study aims to identify the factors influencing participation in learning based on environmental quality variables among students of Bojnourd University. In fact, the aim of the research is to increase the participation rate in learning by the components of the quality of the environment. The present paper is a descriptive and analytical research method. For data collection, library tools and questionnaires have been used and are objective in terms of purpose. The statistical population consists of students of Bojnourd University and samples are selected randomly. Then, using the effective components of learning participation and environmental quality, the impact of these variables has been measured on the basis of the indicators of the questionnaire. The collected questionnaires were analyzed in the SPSS software environment. In this regard, Pearson correlation and Spearman test and Eta square test were used. Accordingly, 48 items have been measured in the form of 6 indicators. The summary of the research results indicates that the component of vitality, efficiency, and justice and proportionality are the most important physical components that affect participation in the learning process in the university environment.

What makes it necessary to discuss the quality of the environment in the residential environments of residential complexes is the adverse consequences of living in these complexes and neglecting it can cause physical and social anomalies such as riots, sabotage, crime and Lack of a sense of belonging and ultimately residential instability and a desire to move around in complexes. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of environmental quality on residential stability and the tendency of residents to move in residential complexes in Arak. The method of the present study was quantitative and survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study also included residents of Arak during the period from March 2017 to July 2016. Participants in this study were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sample. The target sample size was 400 (247 males and 153 females). Based on the results, there is a significant and inverse relationship between the desirability of the communication, social and cultural network and the tendency to displacement with high power; There is a significant relationship between accessibility and propensity to move and the relationship is inverse and has moderate power. There was a significant relationship between the desirability of green space and the tendency to move and the relationship was inverse and had a weak power and also there is a significant relationship between the desirability of cleanliness and the tendency to move and the inverse relationship is weak.

The architectural tradition of the desert climate has both hidden and hidden teachings. The creation of rich sensory spaces is one of the gifts that the architecture of this context offers to its inhabitants. A considerable part of human sensory experiences in different spaces is formed by heat. Heat, like other sensory stimuli, can contribute to the richness of human perception of the environment and, in addition to the quantity of temperature, create a quality as pleasure. The concept of thermal pleasure is a quality that defines a satisfactory and positive human perception of thermal conditions in a specific space. How the concept of thermal pleasure is formed in the context of traditional desert architecture and how its occupants perceive it is a subject that has not been studied so far. So this the present study explores how "thermal pleasure" creates in the tradition of desert architecture. This research uses ethnographic method based on qualitative methodology. So, in order to discover and understand “how thermal pleasure is created”, using of interview technique and direct observation, it explores the lived experiences of individuals in the traditional desert architecture, which is considerable rich context. A comparison between the extracted codes and their analysis shows that "thermal distinction" between neighboring environments results in a thermal pleasure experience for individuals. In a situation where people are out of the temperature equilibrium, due to the interaction between climate and architectural space, facing a special thermal space that can return them to the thermal equilibrium, creates a thermal pleasure for them. The concept of thermal distinction in the interaction between the three rings of human, architecture and climate, makes a commonality to provide an opportunity to understand the thermal pleasure. The adjacency of spaces with thermal distinction, have a higher potential to create thermal pleasure in the tradition of desert architecture. Therefore, creating adjacent spaces with a specific thermal distinction is a latent pattern that can guide future designs to enrich the sensory landscape of heat.

There are growing concerns worldwide about the interdependencies between city life and mental well-being. Perceived stress is a mental disorder induced by urbanization. Today, the quality of the environment that is built and the neighborhood in which residents live is recognized as the main source of stress. In addition, recent research in the context of psychology suggests that urban life is stressful.The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood quality and perceived stress. For that purpose, two neighborhoods in the city of Isfahan, Iran are selected.

Theoretical Framework:

Perceived stress is affected by numerous factors such as individual characteristics, lifestyles, life events, and job variables. The physical quality of the built environment is a factor which is generally underestimated (Beil & Hanes, 2013). Green space is a physical quality of the built environment which affects mental health, and decreases residents’ stress (Roe et al., 2013; Wolch et al., 2014). Another environmental variable which affects the mental health of residents is the transportation pattern. The walkability and bikeability of a neighborhood is strongly correlated with the residents’ mental health (Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2016). There is a great deal of evidence that the accessibility of a walking or bicycling route is significantly effective on the general health of residents (Frank & Engelke, 2001). In addition, availability of public spaces is another variable of physical quality which affects residents’ mental health (Knöll et al., 2018). Public spaces provide opportunities for residents to interact with each other. On the other hand, the increase in interaction among residents leads to a rise in their confidence, and, eventually, improves the physiological capability of residents when confronted with changes. Finally, appropriate physiological reactions decrease stress.A variable which can be considered here is environmental security. Studies have demonstrated that the violence present in urban communities and residential neighborhoods threatens mental health, and deeply affects psychological behavior (Clark et al., 2008). Moreover, another variable of environment quality is environmental comfort. For instance, living in neighborhoods which are highly polluted, whether with noise or light pollution, influences the sleep quality of residents, and eventually increases stress. In addition, non-standard houses with improper cooling or heating systems can influence the variables of mental health (Hale et al., 2013). The conceptual model of this paper expresses the relationship between the built environment variable and the mental health variable. In this model, environment beauty, functional attraction, physical form, and environmental comfort indicate the quality of the built environment as independent variables. Moreover, perceived stress is evaluated as a dependent variable from the viewpoint of mental health.

In this study, two questionnaires were used. One is the researcher-made questionnaire of built environment quality, and the other is the perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Two neighborhoods were selected for the study. The survey was conducted via face-to-face structured interviews, and yielded a total of 434 valid samples. Then, 203 individuals in the Moftabad neighborhood and 231 in the Mardavij neighborhood filled out the questionnaires as participants. The data has been analysed using normal and partial correlation coefficients and linear regression.

The descriptive statistics on the dependent and independent variables in the examined neighborhoods were compared. Moftabad and Mardavij scored 0.78 and 2.98 in average on environmental beauty. The functional attraction in Moftabad and Mardavij was 0.77 and 2.81, respectively. The median scores on the variables of physical form and environmental comfort were 0.71 and 1.58 in Moftabad and 2.94 and 2.92 in Mardavij. In fact, all the environmental variables were scored on significantly lower by the Moftabad neighborhood than by Mardavij. The total scores on built environment quality were 0.96 in Moftabad and 2.91 in Mardavij. According to the results, it is concluded that the dependent variable, i.e. the level of perceived stress, is higher in the Moftabad neighborhood than in the Mardavij neighborhood. The median scores of stress are 2.07 in Moftabad and 1.04 in Mardavij.The findings indicate significant inverse relationships between the independent and dependent variables of the research. When the control variables are considered, however, the relationship is preserved, but its intensity decreases.Based on the results, the significance level of F-statistic is 0.000 in all the three models. This finding, which is obtained through regression analysis and analysis of variance, indicates that the conceptual model of the research is well-fitted. In Moftabad, two variables (environmental beauty and environmental comfort) are capable of predicting the changes in the dependent variable. In this case, the standard coefficients of the above variables are -0.537 and -0.181, respectively. These statistics mean that environmental beauty predicts 53.7%, and environmental comfort predicts 18.1% of the changes in perceived stress in Moftabad. In the Mardavij neighborhood, environmental beauty, functional attraction, and environmental comfort exhibit the highest capability of predicting the dependent variable. They predict 22.6%, 28.9%, and 14.3% of the changes in perceived stress, respectively. Moreover, in the proposed model for the full sample, environmental beauty, functional attraction, and environmental comfort predict 45.9%, 26.8%, and 24.4% of the changes in perceived stress, respectively.In the second phase of modeling the changes in the dependent variable, the relationship between the built environment quality, i.e. the independent variable, and perceived stress, i.e. the dependent variable, was evaluated. Moreover, three models were proposed in this phase. According to the obtained results, ANOVA provides one significant F-statistic for each of the three models. The adjusted R-squared of the proposed model is greater in Moftabad than in the Mardavij neighborhood. On that basis, it can be stated that the effect of the built environment on stress is more in Moftabad residents than those of the Mardavij neighborhood. Based on the standard coefficient (Beta), the built environment quality of Moftabad predicts 67% of the changes in perceived stress, while the value of this variable in Mardavij is 46.4%. Finally, the built environment quality determines 78.3% of the changes in perceived stress in the full sample.

The results of the present study introduced new aspects of the environmental factors effective on perceived stress. The main finding is that cities serve as powerful forces today in shaping the mental health of citizens. Therefore, treatment of mental disorders requires an interdisciplinary approach. In other words, the living environments of individuals, along with many personal, social, economic, personality, and family issues, are the major sources of mental disorders. To treat mental disorders, therefore, psychologists should interact with urban planners. Lastly, we conducted this research in one Iranian city, i.e. Isfahan. Researchers studying other cities and countries may report different results. The conclusion agreed on by all researchers, however, is that the relationship between urban planning and psychologists should be enhanced more than ever before to reduce the negative impacts of urban neighborhoods on mental disorders.

The hospital is of particular importance as a place where the process of caring for and treating the patientchr('39')s human body (where part of his or her body and mind is damaged) takes place. The hospital environment creates tension and stress, so any effort to reduce this tension and stress will positively result in creating a pleasant feeling and increasing the quality of the environment and a sense of satisfaction. The quality of the treatment environment has wide dimensions, and this issue can be addressed from different perspectives and paradigms. However, this study further investigates the factors of naturalism in the public space of the hospital. The use of nature in medical centers is a way to reduce environmental stress and improve the quality of the environment. The use of green space and the possibility of access to nature for the users of medical centers can provide a relaxing environment and be effective in patientchr('39')s recovery, promotion of health, and satisfaction of administrative staff.  Physical-environmental and non-physical (social-psychological) elements affect human perception of the environment. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the components of environmental quality from naturalism in the therapeutic environment. The authors have considered selecting research samples (Shariati Hospital and Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex) in terms of having a green area next to the medical building. According to the research model, physical-environmental and non-physical factors evaluated the environmental quality of these treatment spaces in the interior and the area. This research aims to improve the environmental quality of treatment spaces with a naturalistic approach in line with user satisfaction.

This research is descriptive. The questionnaire was based on the research model. Multivariate regression was used by the stepwise method . And user satisfaction assessment around 27 items, the answers were analyzed according to the Likert scale and through a one-sample t-test. The statistical population was selected from the Cochran sampling method with an error coefficient of 0.1 of about 350 people. Also, SPSS analytical-statistical software was used to analyze the answers.

The results of graph analysis indicate a correlation between quality and satisfaction .

Also, the issue of satisfaction with environmental quality factors in Shariati Hospital has been more than Imam Khomeini Hospital

With the onset of modernism and the consequent growth of cities, as well as the destruction of historical textiles, more attention has been attracted to the subject matter of contextualism in the cities especially in the design of today's residential complexes, which are done smoothly regardless of texture and context. This study is conducted with the goal of improving the quality of residential complexes in Ardabil and aims to find out factors affecting the quality of urban residential complexes in the city. The study is performed using descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire includes residents of eight residential complexes in Ardabil with different fields of 240 people selected by random-cluster sampling method. The results of the research show that natural context has the highest impact. On the other hand, individual factors, especially education, age and residence duration, have an impact on improving the quality of residential complexes in Ardabil. The highest mean of contextualism is related to the physical context, and the lowest average is related to the historical context. Therefore, in order to promote the quality of residential complexes, planners and architectural and urban designers need to pay attention to physical quality and contextual quality of the complexes, especially to the natural context and respect for nature and the environment.

Residential areas are important factors in improving the quality of urban life, and since "home" is considered as a place for living and serenity, from the early days of human civilization, a variety of designs, plans and ideas were provided to improve the quality of houses and people are always seeking ways to add comfort and welfare to their lives. Quality can be expressed by defining the manner of phenomenon in different subjects, and the manner of phenomena is determined by the human perception, which is built based on the understanding of each phenomenon. Based on the status of human perception and definition on each phenomenon, this study focuses on developing a conceptual model by considering a variety of factors influencing the quality of life in urban contexts. Whether for investment or just providing houses for people with low income, the growth of real estate market and increasing rate of housing construction, without any regard to the standards of the desirable quality for these living spaces, form undesirable and in harmonious urban fabrics and neighborhoods that has made the image of cities unseemly; in addition, these houses can’t provide the desirable comfort for residents and citizens. Paying no attention to these issues and their continuous existence in housing construction, has resulted in the loss of real sense for living in cities and gave inconspicuous meaning to the role of residential fabrics in improving mental health and good human relations. Therefore, studying the quality of housing in order to develop strategies for improving the quality of urban housing is critical for the improvement of human housing and living conditions. A brief body of literature, mostly in countries like Netherlands, America, and England, and some in Iran, has focused on housing quality; their methods, evaluations techniques, characteristics and standards have been examined in this research. Compared to previous studies, this study tried to develop a combined model of all effective components on the quality of housing in different dimensions such as social, cultural, economic, psychological-mental, and physical. The aim of this qualitative study is to find practical ways to improve the quality of residential environments, and the used method in this study is analytical. For this research, a questionnaire with 98 questions was developed; the validity of this questionnaire was approved by social scientists and city experts and the reliability was approved by using Cronbach’s alpha method. This questionnaire was randomly distributed among 384 individuals (who were chosen by using Cochran Formula), and obtained results from these questionnaires were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation test and linear regression model. At the end, by comparing the residential situation in different urban fabrics of Kerman, turned out that Al-Ghadeer neighborhood which is located in the city's new development site, has the most quality, and the lowest rank of quality of living belongs to Tah-Bagh Laleh neighborhood, which is located in the old city texture, and totally the quality of residential areas in urban fabrics in Kerman result was good.

Tourism plays an important role in directing economic activities and contributing to increasing the income of local communities. In these areas, high environmental quality creates a sense of positive development towards tourism destinations and, ultimately, tourism development. Among the issues to be considered, is the identification of factors that affect the quality of the tourist environments. Therefore, it seems necessary to step through the study of these factors in the development of tourism and the improvement of the quality of the environment in the villages where this activity is prevalent. Therefore, in this study spatial analysis of the environmental quality of villages of tourism destination in Fazl rural district of Neyshabour city has been investigated to provide the necessary grounds for tourism development. The present study is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done based on documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of the villages of Fazl rural district, of Neyshabour city, which according to criteria such as population, distance and local reputation in tourism, 9 villages (Farkhok, Derakhsht, Rud, Bojhabad, Tahtmanzar, Ghar, Hesar, Sughand, Bojan) They were selected as sample, which according to the census of 1395 has 1325 households and 4527 people. The analysis unit in this study is 18 tourism experts and 260 villagers residing in the studied villages selected by the Cochran method and a 95% confidence level and 0.05 significance level by random and quotient sampling method. The dependent variable (environmental quality) Investigates seven dimensions of functional-structural, tourist attractions, visual, environmental, texture and communication networks, the social environment and environmental dynamics in a total of 7 indicators and 43 quantitative indicators. In the present study, data analysis was performed using a single sample t-test and prioritization of the target villages of Fazl rural district with the WASPAS estimation technique. The results of single-sample t-test in order to measure the quality of the environment of the tourism villages, considering the average, mean and significance level (less than 0.05) in each indicator, indicate that the environmental quality of the villages from the viewpoint of the research sample population is higher than the limit Average is evaluated. According to the amount of t, which shows the amount of deviation from the average, from the viewpoint of people, the texture index and communication networks and the functional-structural index are first and last, respectively. The calculated results of the WASPAS model showed that the villages of Bojan, Sukhand, and Farokhk have ranked first to third in terms of environmental quality indexes respectively, while the Rud River villages are under the landscape and the caves have the lowest environmental quality. In general, the WASPAS model shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between the environmental quality indicators used in tourism research and development.

Existing experience suggests that the perceptual environment of citizens plays an essential role in the perception of the quality of urban environments. Given the wide variations in urban life, in particular urban life in Tabriz as a metropolis, it is particularly important to recognize the quality of urban and neighborhood environment. Therefore, Golshahr and Parvaz neighborhoods are considered as newly designed neighborhoods (less than 30 years old) with appropriate architectural and urban spaces and a high level of facilities and services. This paper presents an instrument for measuring perceived residential environment quality in urban environments. This instrument consists of 11 scales categorized into four criteria including spatial aspects, human aspects, functional aspects, and contextual aspects. The spatial aspects include three scales: architectural-planning space, organization and accessibility of roads, and green space. The human aspects involve one scale: people and social relations. Functional aspects include four scales: welfare, recreational, commercial, and transport services. Contextual aspects cover three scales: pace of life, environmental health, and upkeep. The paper aims to identify and measure perceived residential environment quality and improve the related psychometric qualities. Cognitive psychology is the conceptual framework of this research that focuses on environmental perception. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: 1- What level is the residents’ perceived quality of Tabriz neighborhoods (Golshahr and Parvaz regions)? 2- What factors affact residents’ perceived quality of Tabriz neighborhoods? The research method is descriptive-experimental and the data collection instrument is a questionnaire including 11 scales based on different dimensions of the research variables. The questionnaire comprised of 62 questions in the form of a five-point Likert scale. It was clustery distributed among 250 residents of Golshahr and Parvaz regions in Tabriz. The data was analyzed using the one-sample t-test, paired comparison, multiple regression analysis and path model analysis in SPSS software. Results confirm the factorial structure of the scale and indicate that, among the individual factors, sex and ownership affect the residents’ perceived quality of the neighborhood. Among the four main components, the social and then contextual components have a greater impact on the perceived quality of the neighborhood, while these two dimensions have the lowest score among the inhabitants of the neighborhoods. Among the scales, the green space scale from spatial aspect, discretion and civility from the human aspect, transportation services from the functional aspect, and upkeep and maintenance from the contextual aspect have the highest impact on the residents’ perceived quality of the neighborhood. Thus, the impact on the perceived quality of neighborhood increases when moving from the physical to the social-psychological-mental space, but the emphasis of the decisions of urban planners are more on the spatial and functional dimensions. Another interesting result is that, in addition to the social dimension, attention should be paid to the contextual dimension of the neighborhoods in order to promote inhabitants’ perceived quality of the neighborhood.

Children are careful and aware of what they see in their environment. Educational places can create their first experiences from the social environment and learning. Most researchers believe that a child who has a good experience in educational settings, the cognitive and behavioral processes that follow, will increase his creativity and help maintain his learning.
Statement of the problem: Today, there is no proper place to educate children in a way that meets their needs, and most places are not designed for such a purpose and are used as needed. The main goal of this research is to find the components of the design of the educational environment in which the child has a sense of intimacy and unity with space. This increases the feeling of creativity of the child and increases the activity and mobility of the child in the environment.
Research The research method in this way is a quantitative approach with logical reasoning. The method of data collection is the use of documentary studies and information gathering based on cognitive narrative with the use of visual preferences technique. A deep interview was conducted in a sample population of 10 children aged 8 to 10 years, which is based on a statistical test of adequacy. Research findings show that in the architecture of the child's learning environment, factors such as seduction, diversity, mobility, flexibility, interstitial space and transparency are the most important indicators for improving the quality of space from the perspective of the child's addressed