گراندد تئوری

The Islamic city is one that embodies the principles and values of Islam, providing the conditions necessary for realizing an Islamic lifestyle. This embodiment manifests in various forms across different regions and climates. In this context, the fundamental Islamic principle that should be realized in the social life of Muslims and within the urban environment is the principle of justice. The primary aim of this research is to develop a scientific theory based on Islamic sources regarding social and spatial justice as one of the pillars of the Islamic city or the ideal city in Islam. This is approached through the production of indigenous and Islamic knowledge in urban management and planning, utilizing grounded theory methodology. Ultimately, this research seeks to contribute, however modestly, to the theoretical foundations of the Islamic-Iranian city, guiding the pursuit of an Islamic-Iranian model of progress. The findings of this research reveal significant foundations that provide a precise definition of social and spatial justice, elaborating on the dimensions of this concept—including principles, criteria, and consequences—within a conceptual model. This model offers a comprehensive explanation of the current state of injustice and the process of achieving social and spatial justice in society. For instance, based on the results of this research, the definition of social and spatial justice is the “entitlement” of citizens regarding the distribution of services and resources, achieved by “placing everything in its rightful position” based on principles of “equality,” “public benefit,” and “equal access” to “public rights,” while recognizing “inequality” in “acquired rights” in human settlements. Based on this definition and the reviewed sources, the principles of social and spatial justice include:Public benefit in public affairs, Equality in public law, Equal access to public services, Inequality in individual-social acquired rights. The criteria for social and spatial justice are: Membership, Need, Performance, Value of action, Time and place requirements.

Problem statement: 

Judgment and evaluation of architectural designs have been among the challenges that designers and architects deal with. This challenge is more serious at the professional level due to the sensitivity of designs and these scales. In general, the lack of comprehensive and clear criteria for evaluating and judging architectural designs is named as the most substantial reason causing this issue. The intellectual foundations of the study have been shaped based on the following questions: What criteria are used to judge and evaluate architectural designs? Are design providers or participants in governmental organizations satisfied with the top design chosenor is this choice the outcome of the personal interests of the jury, political rents, and popularity of consultant companies or competitors? Finally, is the top design selected based on certain criteria and regulations that are everyone’s favorite? 

The study attempts toidentify the mechanism, criteria, and characteristics of the jury that judges these designs, and finally develop the proposed checklist forjudging and evaluating public building’ design in governmental organizations. 

The datawere obtained from analysis of open and semi-in-depth interviews with architecture experts. This study uses the practical method of “Grounded Theory” in architectural studies to identify the judgment criteria for public buildings’ design in governmental organizations based on the interpretations provided by architecture experts. 

Research findings and categories point to the characteristics of the jurors and their judgment technique. The results show that when professional and competent jurors are employed to judge the architectural designs, the judgment process and its criteria are done accurately with fewer problems. Ultimately, the core category or theme titled “The selected legitimate and competent jury” has been presented in addition to the criteria and conditions involved in the judgment process, as well as the characteristics of the jurors who judge these designs.

The new media has had a profound and dramatic effect on the isolation of the country’s theater, so that the life of this field of art needs a new model based on a fundamental revision of current approaches. The present study aims to design a model for the survival of theater in the age of modern media based on grounded theory approach. This research is an applied-developmental in terms of purpose and a descriptive research in terms of data collection which has been done by cross-sectional survey method. The statistical population of this research includes theoretical experts (professors in the field of theater and media in Iran) and experimental experts (managers and activists in the field of theater in Iran). Sampling was performed purposefully using non-probability method and finally 17 selected experts participated in this study. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Data based theory (grounded theory) method was used to analyze specialized interviews. Research data were analyzed using MaxQDA software. In the open coding stage, 191 codes were identified, which with the observations made, 6 paradigms, 12 main categories and 41 indicators were achieved. Twelve key categories were identified including new media, third theater, digital world, technology, virtual world, history, governments, artists, modern performance, theater survival, citizenship, and participatory management. Based on the paradigm model of research, new media is the central phenomenon in this study. Technology, the digital world and the virtual world are causal conditions that affect new media. Of course, the role of the government and artists as intervening conditions should not be overlooked. On the other hand, theater is rooted in history, and developments in this field must be trusted by taking historical developments into account. Finally, the results of this study showed that the third theater is a strategy that, according to the point of views of theoretical and experimental experts, can turn the new generation into a theater audience and ultimately guarantee the survival of the theater.

Low cost trips are solution to reduce travel costs and expense management in the way that tourists who are interested in precarious and high-risk experiences can achieve to an important component of the specific trip and travel experiences with lower costs. Hitchhik category, is not-so-new category at the international level, but still is an unfamiliar concept in Iran. Perhaps these limitations and difficulties of travel in Iran, is take into account as being theoretical of this subject. It is obvious that specific types of tourism associated with different interpretations and spiritual states and this study are to follow experience of spiritual component to modeling Hitchhik tourism form the theoretical concept. This is a qualitative research and has been made by using grounded theory method and the use of semi-structured interviews with men and women who have had experience of this journey. 28 Successful interviews were done to achieve theoretical saturation and after open axial and selective coding techniques, the research findings was extracted in the form of paradigm. To learn about cultures, taking risks and simple traveling as causal factors. Carpool harassment, social resistance and hardness in the host society as a confounding factor. Inter-cultural interactions and non-predictable events were identified as underlying factors. Live in the moment, peace, friendship and trust in stranger’s are strategies that change the central phenomenon of spiritual change in the precarious journey to the consequences of theology, moral deeds, increase the number of friends and lead change makes insight. The results show that type of cheap and precarious tourism, has a distinct spiritual component that identifying and managing them can bring spiritual experience.