conservation

Interventions related to the structural restoration of architectural heritage, which aim to both protect human lives and preserve cultural property, can create more and broader risks compared to other types of restorative interventions for continuity of the historic buildings and the safety of their users. Therefore, designing and implementing structural interventions based on clear and applicable theoretical foundations becomes necessary. However, it seems that the existence of a level of overview of theoretical issues and a lack of clarity in the understanding and applying guiding principles have confused the restorers and structural engineers. This confusion complicates etablishemnt of a proper connection between the theoretical topics and practical interventions. From this point of view, the research has investigated the written recommendations of the experts in this field in order to find applicable guidelines and recognize the challenges facing their proper application in connection with structural interventions of architectural heritage. The experts selected for this study have an international reputation in related fields, practical experience and have authored Authentic written research on this topic. The research is applied in terms of purpose and follows a qualitative approach. The required data was obtained through library studies relying on the written sources of selected experts, and the data analysis has been done based on the content analysis of these sources and with the help of the software analysis technique with MaxQDA software. The research results include a) conservative and technical guidelines related to the proper orientation of structural interventions, b) the challenges of applying these theoretical guidelines and c) solutions to overcome these challenges. Conservation guidelines include conservation of values, maximum conservation of authenticity, compatibility of materials and techniques, conservation of structural integrity, compliance with conservation goals, balance of attitude, degree of similarity of action, distinctiveness of action, minimum possible intervention and relative reversibility of action. Technical guidelines can also be divided into key aspects: adaptability to the status qua, structural efficiency, feasibility, controllability, maintainability, durability of intervention and the final outcome measurement of the action. Also, the challenges facing the application of these guidelines are divided into three categories: 1) challenges affected by the contradiction between the philosophy of conservation and the requirements related to the safety level, 2) internal conflicts between some of the conservative guidelines and 3) the challenges caused by the impact of some external issues such as financial resources on interventions. To overcome these challenges proper structural restoration should be presented with attention to points such as the need to review and establish specific standards and risk levels for historical structures, perform accurate and combined diagnostic studies before deciding, exercising humility in choosing less destructive modern solutions with greater reversibility, using an incremental approach to determine the minimum possible intervention, applying lower levels of reliability and considering parallel arrangements to minimize the possibility of structural failure and use sustainable financial resources without applying external pressures.

Statement of the problem: Tile decorations are among the most important and common architectural elements in the Islamic era. Tilework flourished from the 14th century onwards. Notably, despite the introduction of Western decorative elements in Iranian art and architecture during the Qajar era, tilework remained widely used, demonstrating its special status. Given this significance, the conservation and restoration of such architectural decorative elements should be a high priority. However, a comprehensive set of guidelines for tilework conservation and restoration remains absent.Consequently, diverse approaches have been employed in tilework restoration projects. These approaches have sometimes led to serious errors, including misinterpreting context and design neglecting the color quality, symmetry as well as proportions and other aspects has led to grave mistakes. Aiming to understand the evolution of different tilework restoration approaches, this study critically reviews past restoration cases. It explores how traditional restoration approaches were implemented and what advantages current practices offer to avoid past mistakes.  This study focuses on the restoration of tilework in five diverse monuments with four different functions. The restoration activities undertaken are critically analyzed to reveal the architectural nature of the examined monuments.This research utilizes a qualitative-analytic methodology, with data collected through field studies and library resources. The study adopts a functional objective, and the results indicate that the primary factors leading to improper restoration include the lack of a formalized restoration guide, the neglect of conservation, restoration and aesthetics, ,inattention to vernacular culture as well as lack of appropriate understanding of the monuments by the restoration expert.

Over the past sixty years, the mainstream of heritage conservation has been striving to reach a consensus and establish an optimal framework - the most effective approach for conservation - applicable in any scenario. It is alleged that this ultimate framework can be depicted in the form of conservation doctrines. In this article, we argue that the roots of this perspective on planning and  decision-making for heritage can be traced back to the rationality inspired by enlightenment and rational planning, which is termed "Rational conservation planning (RCP)". The RCP simplifies thedecision-making process and proposes universally applicable solutions. As a result, this approach has impeded the ability to effectively address the challenges faced.The primary aim of this article is to illuminate the stagnant state of the current theories of heritage conservation in terms of understanding theoretical challenges: Their perspective on heritage conservation is limited and narrow-minded. In order to address this fundamental issue, the authors pose the question: What is the competing paradigm for this rational view of conservation, and can it offer a better approach  for urban heritage conservation?This article reviews the literature, critiques the RCP and suggests a paradigm shift from rational conservation to pragmatic conservation through qualitative research method and abductive reasoning strategy. The proposed pragmatic conceptual model alters the planning context into a complex and uncertain environment. In this scenario, the conservator is not faced with a neutral and non-political backdrop but rather a heavily politicized world characterized by power dynamics.  Pragmatic conservation underscores the shift from viewing conservation as an external and objective concept to recognizing it as an internal and intersubjective realm.To explain the relationship between the theoretical framework and the practical conditions, a case study research has been employed, utilizing an information-oriented selection strategy. In this article, the authors have selected a significant case at both the national and global levels: the world heritage site of TCHOGHAZANBIL. A storytelling or narrative-based method, which is well-known in qualitative research, has been used to investigatethis site's planning conflicts. Finally, it has been concluded that unlike the technical issues that the RCP has tried to expand over the years and has widely included them in professional and educational programs, heritage conservation is involved in highly political problems in which power relations play a serious role. The story of TCHOGHAZANBIL examplifies resistance within a dependent, complex, controversial and uncertain context. Resistance in this context is formed and operates based on rules and laws, emotions and initiatives and manifests in the form of negotiations, dialogues, coalitions, strategies and tactics.

The world is grappling with climatic, environmental, social, and civilizational crises. Conserving natural sources, ecosystems, and cultural legacy as a major cornerstone of sustainable development reinforces natural identity and cultural values and plays a key role in the management of nonrenewable resources. The conservation covers a wide range of elements such as mountains, forests, valleys, rivers, farms, historical monuments, archeological sites, places of common interest and contemporary heritage, industrial heritage, urban greenery areas, and cultural landscapes. These elements, as natural and cultural assets of societies, not only preserve their cultural-historical identity but also function as leverage in sustainability development and serve common interests.  The necessity of conservancy, restoration, and revival of places is well established. The major concern is why the principles of conservation and revival of historical places are confined to themselves and have not been generalized to modern developments. The shortened lifespan of new buildings, early expiration of new buildings, and excessive destruction of old and new buildings have inflicted a burden on the environment. The destruction of buildings means the loss of resources and saved energies, resumption of the cycle of resource extraction, and energy consumption, which results in more destruction. This means today’s world needs maintenance, conservation, and restoration of historical heritage and man-made and natural environments more than ever. It also highlights reconsidering current approaches in architecture, house construction, and urban planning. It is time to have a guideline for planning and making policies for sustainable development in different areas such as architecture, urban planning, environmental planning, land use planning, and housing based on the principles of conservation, restoration, and revitalization in global conventions and national and international charters. Such principles highlight the respect for the environment, natural settings, and cultural and social contexts in which they have been shaped. They also encourage the least intervention and maximum efficiency. However, the principles require reversibility and flexibility of plans and place importance on sustainability, integrity, and comprehensiveness. They also underscore originality, simplicity, readability, and the use of vernacular materials and techniques compatible with the environment, respecting the structures and lived experiences of the past for the use of the present and future generations. Additionally, they stress the continuity and management of changes and protect public interests. With the implementation of such principles, it is likely to strike a stable balance between the needs of the present and future generations, preventing the loss of resources and hoping for the preservation of cultural identity, environment, and sustainable development. It is expected the officials who are in charge of the protection of cultural and natural heritage consider this issue not just as a civil responsibility but as a strategic necessity and adopt suitable policies to protect cultural and natural heritage. To address this issue, several measures can be taken, for instance, establishing laws and regulations, allocating sufficient budgets for the restoration and maintenance of places and contemporary historical landscapes, considering assets with low efficiency and performance, raising the awareness of people, and encouraging them to participate in the protection of the heritage and natural as well as man-made environments.

Although documentation in the field of cultural heritage plays a pivotal role in the preservation, management, and transmission of knowledge related to tangible and intangible assets, such processes, as a key tool for identifying, evaluating, and recording various cultural and historical features and values, have received limited attention in various international instruments (such as charters, conventions, regulations, and recommendations). The lack of systematic documentation and recording of cultural heritage and the loss of data not only lead to irreparable damage to cultural heritage knowledge but also create challenges for conservation, restoration, and education processes. Therefore, this article seeks to clarify the position of cultural heritage documentation in the aforementioned instruments and to examine its tools and methods. However, the utilization of these frameworks at the national and local levels often faces challenges, including the absence of localized execution standards, a shortage of expertise in employing advanced technologies, and insufficient financial and educational resources. Methodologically, this article is based on a systematic analysis of international instruments related to cultural heritage. By employing a qualitative content analysis approach, it examines the position and emphasis of documentation within these instruments, along with its methods and tools. For greater accuracy, a correlation between key concepts and theoretical frameworks associated with cultural heritage conservation was established. The research findings indicate that, in general, international instruments emphasize the importance and necessity of documentation as a fundamental pillar for the proper preservation and management of cultural heritage. Such efforts enhance transparency in conservation activities and facilitate international cooperation, particularly in cases where cultural properties are threatened by natural or human factors. Some of these instruments highlight documentation as an integral part of education and research in the field of cultural heritage, considering it a means to transfer knowledge and experiences to future generations. This process, by providing comprehensive and accurate information, plays a vital role in preserving the authenticity, values, and sustainability of cultural properties at a global level and contributes to decision-making and policymaking related to cultural heritage.

Documentation and recording of cultural and historical artifacts are among the most critical stages in their conservation and restoration. However, this essential aspect is often overlooked by conservators, museums, and collectors. This article aims to familiarize students and practitioners with the fundamental principles of documenting historical ceramics. Unlike resources that focus on teaching photography, lighting, or technical drawing, this work emphasizes practical and essential guidelines for the accurate documentation of ceramic objects during the conservation and restoration process. In the documentation of ceramics, the importance of recording information as the first step in conservation and restoration is emphasized. This process includes documenting the object's current condition, recording interventions performed, and providing a comprehensive report for future research and operational use. Additionally, this study presents a background on the development of documentation in the field of conservation, illustrating how this process has evolved into a global standard. Another section of this research examines the stages and details of documentation, including the recording of physical, chemical, and pathological characteristics of artifacts. This process assists conservators and restorers in performing more effective and precise work in their projects. Moreover, the documents produced during documentation serve as reliable and credible evidence, enabling more accurate reconstruction of the object's history, analysis of manufacturing techniques, and technologies used in the production of historical artifacts. These records can also serve as a foundation for future research in the understanding and preservation of cultural heritage.  This article seeks to enhance the knowledge and skills of documentation so that professionals can prepare comprehensive, accurate, and scientific reports for the future while carrying out restoration operations. The ultimate goal is to establish a foundation for sustainable conservation and valuable research in the field of cultural heritage.

The urban developments of recent decades have caused a crisis in the urban management in many historical cities; In such a way that arbitrary actions related to historical urban landscapes severely distort the urban memory and make the historical urban identity illegible for future generations. In many historical urban spaces, one can observe unusual and unusual events with the historical space, such as: non-compliance with height privacy in the vicinity of historical places that have caused the view of the historical building and its surrounding context to be distorted, excessive intrusions and occupations in the historical space which leads to the loss of urban memory. Based on this, the main questions of the research are raised as follows: Why are such problems repeated and visible in spite of the concern of great theoreticians for the protection of historical cities? What is the reason for ignoring the principles of urban conservation and creating challenges that sometimes go as far as endangering world heritage? The research seeks to find an answer to such questions in the context of the historical city of Esfahan as an eastern example. The research method is combined, which includes historical, descriptive and causal methods, and the study tools include archival, library and field. The premise of the research is based on the fact that conservation and development together can pass the historical identity to be passed on to future generations. Therefore, despite the difficulty of recovering the damaged identity in urban spaces such as Esfahan, it is possible to prevent further destruction of historical heritage due to inconsistent development with protection in future actions by following guidelines. It seems that the reason for the failure of Esfahan in the conservation-oriented development process is the lack of attention and effort to maintain a coherent and integrated whole and the failure to maintain the connection between the components of the urban landscape of Esfahan and only focusing on specific buildings and registered heritage, which is rooted in the separation of protection "historical monument" from the protection of "historical city". On the other hand, the study in the space of historical cities shows the effects of "neoliberalism" in conservation under the title of "neoliberalism consevation" which, relying on a strong economy, has taken over the historical heritage in the cities as well as other current issues in human life.

This research aims to propose a suitable solution for covering the roof of the Sadaqiani Bath. The Sadaqiani Bath is located on the campus of the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tabriz Islamic Art University. During the construction of a new building, remnants of an ancient structure were uncovered, leading to archaeological excavations. This bath, dating back to the Qajar period, has been officially registered as a historical site. Due to its lower elevation compared to the surrounding area, the bath required a protective cover to prevent rainwater infiltration and provide adequate shielding from sunlight. In line with the university's academic policies in architectural technology, efforts were made to design and construct a cover using innovative technologies, aiming to establish a successful and exemplary standard in this field. To address these requirements, an arc-shaped lamella structure with a fabric cover was chosen. This structure not only offers protection against weather conditions but also harmonizes with the existing buildings on the site, including the bath. It is lightweight and provides sufficient support to minimize potential damage to the main structure. With the assistance of architectural technology students from the faculty, research and design efforts were carried out, and the cover for the Sadaqiani Bath was successfully constructed, with the necessary funding provided.

Puppets are one of the elements of performing arts, which were used by puppeteers to perform shows since ancient times. Today, these works are known as valuable historical, cultural and artistic heritage. The Kashan Puppet and Toy Museum keeps one of the oldest collections of puppets that contain valuable historical, artistic and technical information. In this article, due to the importance of knowing the materials and manufacturing techniques, and the aesthetic features of these works, the study conducted on a sample of historical doll "Furash" from the mentioned museum has been studied by performing comparative studies and laboratory investigations. For this purpose, the study of the introduction of motifs used in doll clothes, materials and manufacturing methods, as well as determining the approximate age of a doll sample from this museum was studied. The studied doll is the 150-year-old "Furash" doll from Nayin and Ardakan regions. To achieve the goal, historical and comparative studies of the doll were done. Historical studies and a comparative comparison of the doll with the sample of the Qajar era witness, as well as technical investigations on other materials of the work, as well as the identification of its fabric and motifs, and the volume of the doll's head and its surface painting, prove that the work in question belongs to the Qajar period. The parts of the work, including the fabrics used in the clothes, motifs and volume creation of the doll's head and its surface painting, were compared with the examples of the Qajar period. The results showed that the desired marionette is a simple type that the artist made from the traditional wood pulp in the Qajar period along with different fabrics, some of which were among the imported goods of the Qajar period.

During recent decades, new constructions in the historical fabric of Rasht City have generally been erected without paying attention to the historical patterns of building placement in the related plots, which has resulted in severe damage to this context. Currently, for the first time, the "specific design guidelines for the historic fabric of Rasht city" are being prepared, which will be included in the plan of this city, if approved. In this regulation, in addition to other issues, the issues of "building coverage ratio (BCR)" and "building placement" have been specifically addressed. The present study is an attempt to criticize and modify this regulation based on a typo-morphological study and aims to protect and continue the relevant historical patterns in new constructions. In the current research, by referring to the aerial photos of Rasht from 1956, 1976, and 2022 and related maps and documents, an attempt is made to investigate the historical patterns used in determining the footprint of residential buildings. The condition of Qajar houses in 1956 is compared with new houses until 2022, and a total of 305 houses are examined. The investigated variables include the common patterns of building placement, the common sizes of length and width, the ratio of width to length of building masses, the depth of courtyards, and the BCRs. The current research indicates that the new regulation, instead of continuing the historical patterns of the fabric, tries to stabilize its new patterns. In the following, based on the findings of the research, some recommendations are presented to be included in the new regulation. It is expected that the use of these tips will help to harmonize the new and old constructions in terms of the shape and geometry of the building footprint.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the conservation of landscapes and cultural landscapes in particular have confronted numerous management challenges. The complexity and extension of the cultural landscape concept are considered to be one of the main reasons for the existing challenges. Within the past few decades, these challenges have been answered by the introduction of the “Landscape approach” in conservation and management. In many cases, particularly those cultures which are rooted deep in their literature, the landscape management approaches have not been implemented properly. In this regard, cultural landscape categorisation and classifications have been introduced in these geographical regions, however, the most appropriate methods for managing these landscapes have been neglected in serious discussions.In the geographical territory of Iran, three world heritage sites of Uramant cultural landscape, the Maymand cultural landscape, and the Bam cultural landscape have been inscribed in the World Heritage List over the past few years. In this paper, the authors will investigate the Maymand World Heritage cultural landscape, as the first case in planning a landscape management framework, to prepare the grounds to discuss the international landscape management frameworks proposed by four pioneer landscape conservation and management organisations. In this research, authors have revised the contemporary landscape management framework of the Maymand cultural landscape based on the introduced planning and management frameworks by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, the International :union: for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the European Landscape Convention by the Council of Europe, and the United States National Park Service (US-NPS). Furthermore, they have also referred to the existing contextual management and planning frameworks of the Maymand cultural landscape to propose their optimised landscape planning and management framework.

Problem statement: 

Despite repeated legal emphasis, during the last few decades, new constructions in the historical urban fabrics of Guilan province have generally been built without observing the necessary harmony with the historical architecture of these cities. The problem that the current research examines is what characteristics are recommended in the façade design of new constructions within the surroundings of valuable Qajar houses in the cities of Guilan province to reach visual compatibility between new and old facades.

The present research aims to develop some design recommendations that seem to help to achieve visual compatibility between the façade of new buildings and the adjacent valuable historical buildings. This can be considered a step towards developing façade design guidelines for the relevant historical districts.

The current research uses a combination of interpretive-historical and logical argumentation strategies. Research data were collected from archival sources and field visits, including 74 valuable Qajar houses located in the cities containing registered historical urban fabrics in Guilan, consisting of Rasht, Lahijan, Langroud, Anzali, Amlash, and Roudsar.

By looking at the upstream regulations for the protection of the historical fabrics of Iran, placing the Semes’ classification as the basis, and considering the specific realities of the research scope, the acceptable design approaches regarding the infill buildings were determined to include “literal replication” and “invention within a style”. The “abstract reference” approach was also permitted in a limited way. By examining the character-defining features in the studied architectural samples, the headings of the façade design guide were determined, including eight titles as follows: Overall dimensions of the façade; general composition; openings; the roof; semi-open spaces; gates; materials, coloring, and decorations; and the boundary wall. In the end, a set of twenty façade design recommendations are presented.

Historical relics have different owners and beneficiaries and as a result, numerous challenges arise in the process of their protection and restoration. A scientific and ethical approach based on a kind of consultative approach is needed to face these challenges. The present research examines the issue by investigating the attitudes of conservators of historical relics. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the dominant approaches to conservation from the viewpoint of consultative and collaborative approach, which is carried out based on the criteria and assumptions of such approaches. The present study is an attitudinal descriptive-analytical research with a statistical population comprising three groups of conservators in Iran, who are working at universities, Department of Cultural Heritage, empirical veterans and educated professionals working in the private sector. The sample includes 30 conservators selected through simple random sampling. Open interview was used to collect data and data foundation method was employed for data analysis within the framework of the theoretical foundations of the research. Based on the investigations made, predominant approaches to conservation in Iran include historical/fact-seeking, scientific/object-oriented, artistic/taste-oriented, selective value-oriented and somewhat rule-oriented/authoritarian approaches. These approaches are founded on a theoretical framework of conservation profession, hard science, and individualism, and in part, on micro and macro policies and organizational hierarchy. The findings of this research indicate that the demands and consultative and collaborative role of public beneficiaries in conservation approaches, it is not much considered and as a main component in making decisions and carrying out actions, there is no belief and acceptance towards it.

the importance of textile historical works is not hidden from anyone In the field of preservation and restoration of historical and cultural objects. due to the organic structure of cellulose, Historical cotton fabrics are exposed to spontaneous oxidation and the degradation process will not stop even in an isolated environment. Keeping such sensitive works in the unfavorable conditions of the museum warehouse has accelerated the destruction, and if methods can be found to reduce the rate of deterioration of cellulose, it will be helpfull to the conservators in the proper preservation of these works. In addition to the visual changes that indicate changes and chemical interactions in the structure of the cellulose polymer, the process of cellulose deterioration can also be traced by examining the physical and mechanical properties of cellulose.
The topic of using antioxidants to protect materials from oxidation has been discussed in many industries such as textile, chemical, polymer, food and pharmaceutical industries, and researchers are investigating the effect of different materials in reducing the process of oxidation and decay of the goods of the mentioned industries.
Considering the wide application of tocopherol (vitamin E) in the fields of textile, food polymer and medicine, in this research, it was tried to evaluate its suitability by examining the advantages and disadvantages of this antioxidant substance in the conservation of historical cotton fabrics. To reach such an aim, it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing the rate of cellulose oxidation over time and its destructive effects in cotton fabrics. The method of this research is based on comparative-analytic and the data has been gathered via relevant experiments such as ATR-FTIR, colorimetery,tensile strength and pH.
the aged cotton textiles are treated by the different concentration of vitamin E, and they are examined before and after accelerated aging. The results indicate that the mentioned substance has no detrimental effect on cellulose and can be useable as an antioxidant in conservational processes of historical cotton fabrics.

This research investigates methods for conservation, restoration, and reinforcement of the Urartian inscription of Seqindel. It also aims to propose feasible recommendations for improving the preservation and stabilization conditions of the inscription and consequently, the historical site itself. The Seqindel inscription was discovered in 1951 CE near the village of Seqindel, beside a complex archaeological site. It stands as a significant artefact from the Urartian era in northwest Iran, dating back approximately 2750 years. Stone inscriptions are inherently vulnerable to environmental factors that can lead to deterioration. To address this concern, the research incorporates structural studies, pathology assessments, and analyses of the inscription's current condition. The results indicate that priority should be given to emergency stabilization and consolidation to prevent the collapse of the inscription, followed by practical measures for ongoing protection, and finally, preventive conservation. Considering the inscription's location approximately 2 kilometers from the village of Saqindel, the following key recommendations are proposed for its preservation and promotion: 1) Community participation in protection efforts, 2) Tourism enhancement and deterrence of unauthorized excavations, 3) Road construction for improved accessibility,4) Site access and signage development, 5) Natural stone staircase construction, 6) Design and insulation of informative signage, 7) Vegetation revitalization in the adjacent valley.

The "Clogs of the Kaaba" at the Iran Carpet Museum is a pair of metal/ copper alloy shoes by Parviz Tanavoli for an outdoor installation. The work is part of a memorial chapel designed minimalist style within the museum’s grounds. The clogs are crafted to a life-size scale, with their surfaces textured with fine and delicate grooves to enhance their aesthetic and visual appeal. The artist has also applied a dark artistic patina to the surface of the clogs. The interior of the clogs has accumulated dust, soot, and debris from the surrounding greenery. Additionally, prolonged exposure to environmental conditions such as annual rainfall, seasonal temperature variations, and urban pollutants such as acid rain has affected their condition on the ground. The surface of the clogs shows green corrosion products and carbonate deposits. the aim of this operation is to stabilize the clogs and prevent further exposure to harmful urban environmental factors. In order to evaluate and document the current condition, digital photography was conducted on both a macroscopic and microscopic scales. Surface sediment removal was carried out using manual mechanical methods with a scalpel and ultrasonic device. The poultice method was applied in a controlled and limited manner to remove thick sediments using Rachel's salt solution and%2 hydrochloric acid. To protect the surface, a %3 BTA (benzotiazol: C6H5N3) solution was used, followed by a coating of epoxy polyamide solution.

In this report we wanted to remind parts of principles and methods of conservation and restoration of pottery objects, and to present reconstruction process of two large pottery Jar (Khomreh) belong to Sassanian period during a written and illustrated report. also, we explained the difference created when choosing materials and methods. The jars were obtained from excavating Varamin Plain by Dr. Morteza Hesari in 2017. They were restored at the conservation pottery workshop of the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Research center for conservation and restoration of relics (RCCCR).

In this research, considering the necessity of conservation and restoration of wooden doors and their significance in Iranian architecture, as well as understanding the structure of historical wooden artifacts, necessary actions were taken to study, restore, and conserve a two-leaf wooden door belonging to the ivan of Sukiass house in Isfahan. Following preliminary damage assessment, various tests (including pH testing, colorimetry, equilibrium moisture content measurement, species identification, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were conducted on the study sample. The results indicated the acidic nature of the structure of the sample under study, minimal color changes before and after the restoration process, standard equilibrium moisture content, the use of Oriental Plane tree wood (Platanus orientalis L) in the construction of the artifact, and the absence of significant structural damage on the sample surface. Historical wooden artifacts are typically classified into three main categories of physical, chemical, and biological damages. The study sample exhibited physical damages such as abrasion, cracking, and microcracks, environmental temperature effects resulting in color changes on the artifact,s surface, as well as the impacts of dust and debris. In the chemical damage category, tissue acidification in the artifact was observed, along with noticeable impacts of pollution. Biological damages caused by insect infestations, categorized under wood biological damages, were visible as multipleboreholes on the artifact,s surface. Additionally, the presence of a burnt section at the lower part of one of the door leaves is another damage incurred by the study artifact. In line with conservation and aesthetic principles, necessary measures include cleaning the door and its frame, addressing deficiencies and cracks, protecting the artifact from pests, and applying polish and acid treatment.

Historical architecture is a space-time continuum that was formed in the interaction of man and space in time and defined its distinction and continuity. The values related to the space and time dimensions of this continuum have led to the formation of the concept and its protection in interaction with the concept of development and change. The process of protection and development should lead to the continuity of this space-time continuum and its values. Based on this, the following article with the main purpose of expressing the mentality and actuality of the preservation and development of historical architecture in relation to the defining elements of architecture: space and time, to the main question "has the process of preservation and development of historical architecture been able to maintain its space-time continuity in Will time continue?", answers with a qualitative approach and a logical reasoning method and a library method. The findings show that in the historical course of conservation and development, space has been considered objectively and time linearly and objectively, and based on this, two general perspectives on the space-time continuum have been formed: one, the separation of time from space during time and the product of the past time of the space-time continuum, and the other, the separation of the past time from the space during time and the product of the present and the future of the space-time continuum. In the second perspective, space-time continuums are reproduced as many conservation and development processes. As a result, due to the dominance of the linear and objective view on "time" in both views, the space-time continuum does not continue in time.