facade architecture

The facade architecture of the introverted historical houses of the central plateau of Iran is more evident in the central courtyard. According to the diversity of the central courtyard facade architecture in multiple fronts, it seems that there are various effective factors in the formation of the courtyard facade architecture of historical Qajar houses, and it is necessary to identify the effective factors comprehensively and in terms of impact. be classified from high to low. The research seeks to know what factors and sub-factors are effective in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard of historical houses of the Qajar period in the hot and dry climate of the central plateau of Iran (with a case study of Qazvin city)? What is the classification of these factors and sub-factors in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard view according to the degree of influence? Identifying the influencing factors on the architectural formation of the facade of the central courtyard of historical Qajar houses (with a case study of Qazvin city) and classifying these factors based on the degree of influence of each factor. The type of research is fundamental in terms of the goal, and the research method in response to the big question is a survey of basic theories and a field visit to the historical Qajar houses of Qazvin city and a local conversation and a conversation with elites. In response to a detailed question, the Delphi method has been used to rank the impact of each of the factors and sub-factors based on the opinion of experts and professionals familiar with the architecture of the Qajar house and facade. In the following, a theoretical model was proposed and this model was reviewed and tested in the case of the research of ten Qajar historical houses in Qazvin. Eight main factors and thirty-three sub-factors were identified in the formation of the facade architecture of Qajar houses in Iran. The eight main factors in order of influence include: economic, climatic, construction technology, socio-cultural, aesthetic, spatial, political and urban planning. Each of these factors have been relatively effective in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard. According to the opinion of the experts of the basic theories and the test of the presented theoretical model, the most effective is the "economic factor" and the least effective is the "urbanization factor". In the ranking of thirty-three effective sub-factors, the most effective sub-factor was "radiation" and the least effective sub-factor was "urban architecture".

The facade or the architectural shell of the building is its exterior visual dimension that defines the boundary between the interior and exterior space and is of great importance in terms of identity and vision. Due to the introverted culture and architecture, the facade in the architecture of the historical Qajar houses of the Central Plateau of Iran is mostly manifested in their middle courtyards. Various indices and architectural factors have been effective in the creation of this facade, each of which is identified in this research and analyzed in depth in a case study. The aim of the present research is to identify and compare the views of the middle courtyards of historical Qajar houses in Qazvin city. By conducting a comprehensive literature review regarding the facade architecture or facade of Iranian historical houses, indices and architectural factors of their subcategories were identified. After the survey, a theoretical framework was presented as a proposed system including all the architectural factors of the facade of the middle courtyard of the historical Qajareh house. Through field research, selection, case study and analysis of ten historical Qajar houses of Qazvin city, this theoretical framework was reviewed, tested and evaluated so that its effectiveness and comprehensiveness can be tested and completed if necessary. Each of the investigated houses are adjusted according to the architectural number of the central courtyard view, so that the role of each of them is revealed in regard to the architectural number of the central courtyard view. This matching is established between houses that have one to four facades. The results showed that there are various architectural features and factors that are effective in shaping the architecture of the middle courtyard. The effective indices in creating the appearance of houses are climate, performance, shape and construction technology. Each of these macro indices have several architectural factors in their subset. These four indicators and sixteen architectural factors under the set of each indicator in the theoretical framework were tested and proved by field research. The presented model demonstrated its efficiency in analyzing the architecture of the facade of the middle courtyard of historical Qajar houses. Additionally, it could probably identify the historical period and contemporary houses in the central plateau or other climatic and geographical parts of Iran. Also, the results of this research reveal the importance of the architecture of the middle courtyard in the historical study houses of Qajar. Each of the investigated houses are adjusted according to the architectural number of the central courtyard view so that the role of each of them is revealed with the architectural number of the middle courtyard view. This matching is established between houses that have one to four facades in their courtyards. Also, at the end, the process of examining the facade architecture of historical houses in Qazvin city can be examined as a basic theory in other buildings of various historical periods of Iranian architecture.