governance

Urban social resilience in the context of good urban governance, as a dynamic and multidimensional concept, reflects the ability of societies to adapt, recover, and respond effectively to crises and environmental changes. This study, aiming to structurally analyze social resilience in District 14 of the metropolis of Isfahan, has chosen the framework of good urban governance as the main foundation of the study. The research method is applied and follows a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing futures research tools including MicMac software to analyze relationships between variables and identify key factors and Scenario Wizard software to develop and evaluate future scenarios. The findings of this study show that achieving social resilience and good urban governance in District 14 of Isfahan requires strong institutional capacity, promoting transparency in management and decision-making processes, increasing public trust, and improving the quality of urban services. Structural analysis showed that key variables including transparency, public participation, and social justice have the greatest impact on achieving social resilience. Accordingly, three possible scenarios were developed, providing a roadmap for improving governance and promoting social resilience in the region. The main innovation of this research lies in providing a comprehensive and future-oriented model for analyzing and promoting social resilience with an emphasis on the principles of good urban governance, which can be used as a reference model for other urban areas in Iran. The results of this study provide a framework for comprehensive decision-making and policy-formulation in the field of urban management and emphasize the importance of coordination among different stakeholders in the path of sustainable development.

It is very difficult to think and make decisions about the future of the city as a combination of complex and uncertain systems. This complexity increases significantly when it comes to the long-term future of urban environments. Such challenges highlight the necessity of future-thinking and alternative thinking in the process of urban management and planning and show the need for a deeper understanding of alternative futures for the effective management of urban environments. The aim of this article is to identify and explain the alternative futures of Tehran; for this purpose, we have tried to study alternative future images of Tehran in an archetypal form of "growth, collapse, disciplined society and transformed society" using "Dator’s Four Generic Alternative Futures" method.

This study employs the "Four Generic Alternative Futures" method to identify and elaborate on alternative futures for the city of Tehran. This method involves developing scenarios based on the identification of key trends and drivers impacting future of Tehran. The developed scenarios include "Capital Business Center", "Crossing the fate of Ray", "Tehran Family" and "Tehran investigators ". Each scenario has a unique narrative that outlines a distinct vision for the city's future

Among the 87 trends and factors identified in the research process, 14 factors were selected by experts as the key variables of the future scenarios of Tehran city. In the meantime, citizens' trust in governing institutions will have the greatest impact on the future governance of Tehran. Each of the four scenarios, depending on its specific context, shows different states of key trends and reveals the consequences of realizing the desired future.

The use of future-oriented approaches by managers and urban planners in the era of rapid changes, with growing complexity and increasing uncertainty, can lead to the achievement of coherent, comprehensive and integrated decision-making systems. These systems focus on greater stakeholder participation and sustainability of solutions. At the same time, future-oriented approaches can provide a suitable field for management and collaborative planning. The collaborative process of future research increases the possibility of successful implementation of these solutions by helping to develop successful solutions and the sense of ownership of the citizens towards the proposed solutions. Also, using these approaches through facilitating communication between key stakeholders and networking of knowledge resources increases the possibility of achieving preferred perspectives related to urban futures.It is reminded that many futurists try to build a vision of the future by challenging the official futures and common trends, as well as identifying and promoting some normative issues by using normative approaches. The focus of normative approaches on predetermined values ​​has caused many examples of preferred futures to be created without paying enough attention to alternative futures. This inadequacy of the normative approaches has caused the Manawa school to use the method of "four general alternative futures" as a precursor to the development of preferred futures. Based on this approach, the current research has tried to develop diverse images in the form of four relevant scenarios, without falling into the trap of uncalculated idealism, each of which can be a basis for forward-looking design, policy making, and strategizing.

This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the dynamics of the contemporary world and the double complexities of metropolitan areas. By considering different scenarios and adopting a holistic approach, we can hope for better and more effective governance and overcome the complexities of development. The use of scenario-based approaches by urban managers and planners in metropolises such as Tehran facilitates facing complexities and makes it more possible to achieve good governance. Achieving the images of the future of Tehran city, while identifying the most important challenges and opportunities hidden in alternative futures, provides a basis for policy making in the field of urban governance and optimal administration of Tehran city. This forward-looking approach is essential to address the multifaceted issues facing cities with changing landscapes.

The city is considered a source of development and the position of urban management plays a significant and decisive role in the process of city development and the improvement of urban settlements. In the meantime, good urban governance in the issue of re-creating the worn-out urban fabric by using the capacity of existing institutions and creating institutional platforms among actors provides the basis for sustainable decision-making. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the role of good urban governance in regenerating the worn-out urban fabric of Abbas Abad. According to the purpose, the present research is of applied type. MICMAC software was used for quantitative analysis of the findings, and the statistical population was selected by the Delphi method of 30 urban specialists and experts for questioning and rating the indicators. The research results showed that the variables of participation dimensions with a weighted average of 50.66 had the greatest impact and transparency dimensions with a weighted average of 37.8 had the least impact on the residential satisfaction of Abbas Abad district. Among the variables that have been mentioned, the indicators of participation in economic investments, the existence of civil groups, public associations, the government's focus on corruption and popular organizations, respectively, with numerical values of 56, 55, 52, 51, 49, have the greatest direct effect. They have studied residential satisfaction. Finally, it was observed that the state of good urban governance in the studied area is unstable and residents are dissatisfied.

Today, in the changing global conditions, "entrepreneurship" as a mechanism of economic development through innovation, creating employment and expanding welfare in the society is of special importance in social governance, especially in urban management and safety. Researchers in the field of entrepreneurship policy believe that "countries with many entrepreneurs cannot achieve economic growth and development, but they need an appropriate entrepreneurial ecosystem, so that they can achieve this goal. On this basis, we need to evaluate and analyze the ecosystem of advanced technologies with an integrated model of entrepreneurship of advanced technologies. And based on the research literature, the pattern of extracted components is coded in 3 reference dimensions of analysis, roles and characteristics, which are classified in 22 subsystem fields. This research is fundamental in terms of research results and practical in terms of purpose and has an exploratory nature. The research is derived from the results of Behbahani's research (1401), which used the structural equations method to investigate the effect of other components on the relationship between the above three components with entrepreneurship of advanced technologies in four basic hypotheses regarding the meaningful and positive relationship between the components of entrepreneurship and The dimensions of technology analysis, entrepreneurship components and characteristics and roles, dimensions of analysis and decision to entrepreneurship, characteristics and roles and decision to entrepreneurship have been examined and the results confirm the hypotheses except for the third hypothesis. It is suggested that in future researches, in addition to advanced industries, all industries should be focused on in different time periods and at the same time as the development of administrative services and urban management.

Governance is an approach that has become the dominant analytical model in urban management in recent decades. In this approach, urban management is not only in the hands of the government and the government decision-making and implementation for the city in a collaborative process between governing institutions, the private sector, and institutions. It is done popularly. In other words, it can be said that urban governance is a process that respects the presence and promotion of the role of activists in the decision-making and administration of city affairs. On the other hand, the increasing number and variety of scientific research conducted in this field is one of the reliable signs of the importance of this issue among researchers, so by benefiting from previous studies, a native model for urban governance can be created. , proposed to fit social values and be compatible with cultural and historical conditions.  Based on this, the present research has reread the scientific studies of the field of urban governance by using the meta-study approach. In this research, in addition to combining the results of previous researches, it has been tried to reflect on their processes. Therefore, firstly, the general and structural features of the previous researches are described, and then the theoretical and content framework of urban governance according to the model proposed by Sandusky and Barroso is proposed. The community studied in this research included 75 scientific-research articles focusing on urban governance in the period of 2015-2015.With the investigations obtained from the analysis of the published articles, it was found that there are methodological uncertainties in many articles. The main stream of studies in this field is made up of quantitative articles with a survey strategy and using descriptive analyzes of basic statistics and correlation analysis. In terms of time, 38% of reviewed articles were published in 2016 and 29% in 2018. From the perspective of the specialized field, 58% of the articles were compiled with the participation of geography and urban planning experts and 23% of the articles were compiled by urban planning researchers. More than 32 magazine titles have published articles in the field of governance. The scale of analysis of the articles was at different levels of neighborhood, inner city area, city and country, and 80% of the articles were assigned to the city scale. In terms of content, responsibility and accountability, effectiveness, participation, transparency and rule of law are among the most important indicators in the field of urban governance.

due to importance of global warming and climate change, communities are trying to reduce the increasing pressure of risks and their consequences and move towards sustainability and resilience, especially in conditions of uncertainty in urban water resources. The increase in the population of fame and the pressure of this increase has created an unprecedented challenge in water management, especially in access to water resources, wastewater treatment and recycling technologies. In this regard, a look at the current situation and the identification of obstacles, the development of appropriate strategies to improve the situation; Water-sensitive cities are known as new models of sustainable urban water management in order to minimize the hydrological effects of urban development on the environment, which in urban development and reconstruction processes can help achieve the goals of improving the quality of urban life and livability of cities. Although there may be different contexts and challenges in developed and developing countries, understanding the current state of the city in terms of water-sensitive city characteristics to identify capacities and constraints is the first step in planning the transition process to achieve development goals and strategies. This article introduces the indicators of water-sensitive city and its effect on the evaluation and improvement of urban water management practices, which has been done by reviewing the literature and based on a qualitative method of content analysis and searching for resources and classifying them based on research keywords. And examines the characteristics of a water-sensitive city. According to the leading article, it can be concluded that the indicators support strategic planning and decision-making, improve and strengthen the results over time, and evaluate the consequences and ways of urban water management compared to other cities., Governance

This research deals with "explaining the obstacles to the realization of the coordinated urban management system in the metropolis of Mashhad and measuring the weight and effectiveness of each obstacle in the realization of the above-mentioned system" which has emerged under the multiplicity and divergence of actors and in the absence of a qualified institutional framework for planning and policy making. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of research framework with the Delphi method and in the form of unstructured interviews, the opinions of 38 managers and urban management experts were received and analyzed, Then the data obtained using ANOVA test in SPSS software as well as the method of cross-effects analysis as one of the forecasting techniques using MIC MAC software have been reviewed and evaluated. The results of this research show that "obstacles related to laws and programs" affected by the major issues and problems of the country's planning and executive system, as the most key factor, have played a prominent role in preventing the realization of the coordinated metropolitan management of Mashhad And it has caused the nature of the vertical and departmental planning and administrative-executive system and the lack of necessary horizontal mechanisms and relationships to become the main obstacle to the realization of the coordinated management system of this metropolis.

The social and political history of the city is the history of defending the city security or urbancommunity. In addition to space, this security includes human society as well, that if the elites of the meaning and manner of communication are not manifest to them, they feel insecure and find the urban space unsafe or in some way defenseless,and forms of alienation are manifested in them especially spatial alienation, collective alienation and finally alienation from the city. Urban alienation and its forms under the influence of cultural, social, economic and political characteristics of capitalist cities and types of governance and the tools used in development and change in the morphology and space of the city, as well as the way of communication that determines the pulse of urban life. Also, the effect of initial education is manifested as social capital. It seems that ignoring the mentioned components, based on defensible spaces and the function of some defensible spaces into indefensible spaces (changing places into non-places) is one of the main factors in the formation of defenseless spaces in cities. This study examines whether there are unsafe spaces and places in Iranian society, and if so, what was its course and what factors have formed it? then, the criteria compiled and taken from the theories, articles and books that were somehow related to the mentioned subject have been examined. The research method is descriptive.The collection of information is based on documents, and the studied community is the defenseless area of Isfahan province. The findings of the research derived from the documents and data collection from different sources demonstrated that spaces overlapping with the ultimate areas of social issues have been considered as the most unsafe spaces.

Urban growth is a vegetative process that crystallizes as an accumulative process, shaping the city spatial structure over decades. In this way, current activities are deposited on the urban fabric through construction, and improve and develop the urban form in response to the changing needs of its time. Since the construction manager at the city level is the city management; and governance is a central issue on the path to sustainable development; the research’s problem is "How to perform a governance system for the management of Tehran’s urban development". In this regard, the scientific descriptions of the country's experts on the realities and desirability of the urban construction management system are considered as a face of truth; and the researcher, in order to understand it, uses the thematic analysis strategy as one of the qualitative method. In this regard, out of 789 sources updated in the country's scientific databases, 65 were methodically sampled. The results of this fundamental research showed that according to Iranian experts, the urban construction management system of Tehran can be considered as "Tehran’s urban construction governance", when it has a respectable, reliable and significant nature. In other words, by pursuing "fair, balanced and empowering growth", it has sought to "solve the physical and spatial problems of the city of Tehran" in order to achieve "sustainable and affordable product"; and follows this path by "relying on endogenous capacities based on local values" by a "cooperative, efficient and collectivist organization" and in "facing the legal-executive challenges of Tehran’s urban management

One of the main concerns of developing countries is to achieve good governance, and in the meantime, the implementation of the law on organizing and supporting the production and supply of housing is of great importance. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of governance formation to implement the law of organizing and supporting the production and supply of housing to take an important step towards the development of the housing sector. It is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population for the distribution of the questionnaire was the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran (N = 5967) and to determine the sample size Morgan table (n = 360) and for sampling simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using LISREL and MATLAB software. Findings showed that the dimensions of governance formation to implement the law to organize and support the production and supply of housing include participation, transparency and accountability, and economic participation in housing production and supply projects and the effective use of financial resources have the greatest impact on With the dimension of participation is governance. Paying attention to the dimensions and components of governance based on the proposed model in the best case improves the implementation of the law and supporting the production and supply of housing to 0.83.

Due to the unexpected nature of natural disasters, any mismanagement in dealing with them may lead to more serious crises. However, providing an effective management of disasters and having an immediate control over the situation need the extensive cooperation of public and private organizations and the participation of people in the form of network governance. This study investigates the views of 140 participants, selected from the statistical population of the research using stratified random sampling. The statistical population includes the managers and the representatives of member organizations of 14 workgroups in the Crisis Management Headquarters of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. The participants were asked about the impact of network governance on the elements of crisis management (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery). The study has an applied purpose, and the required data were collected through correlational and survey research. With regard to the research background, after drawing the conceptual framework of the research, a questionnaire was designed for the researchers and after obtaining the necessary reliability and validity, data were collected. Then, according to the method of structural equations and factor-analysis using smart pls statistical software, the research hypotheses were tested. After performing the necessary statistical tests, while confirming the research hypotheses, it was found that network governance has a positive relationship with the elements of crisis management. The most effective components of network governance on the elements of crisis management are: prevention (0.78), response (0.75), preparedness (0.74) and recovery (0.62). Therefore, it is necessary to apply the components of network governance as an interactive method of disasters and crises, in the natural disasters of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. The stages of application are respectively as follows: prevention, response, preparedness and recovery. Moreover, it is suggested to establish a network of coordinated, efficient and effective organizations that have transparency and democracy in decision-making and action. This way, we can achieve network governance, and the crisis management of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province may have the most efficiency.

The existence of issues and problems due to the rapid growth of urbanization in the country and the impossibility of managing urban society with existing traditional tools and methods, has doubled the need to change the way of managing and administering cities. This change can be achieved using a good urban governance approach.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the status of good urban governance indicators in Genaveh.
The research method is descriptive-analytical and in order to collect information, documentary and field methods and questionnaire tools have been used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Genaveh city including 73472 people. The sample size was distributed through Cochran's formula of 384-people by simple random sampling method. According to the theoretical foundations of research and previous studies, research indicators include: participation, efficiency and effectiveness, political stability, access to information, social justice, responsibility, community-centeredness and legality. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and T-Test sampling, analysis of variance and multivariate regression.
The results of T-Test-sampling show that among the indicators examined, the worst situation is the access and information index with an average (2.34) and the participation index with an average (2.78) has the highest score. Efficiency and effectiveness index with average (2.72), political stability index (2.38), social justice index (2.64), legality index (2.73) and community-oriented index with average (2.37) are also lower than the moderate (3). In order to explain the effect of good urban governance indicators in explaining citizen satisfaction, variance analysis was used.
Based on the results, 55% of the changes in good urban governance can be explained by the linear combination of independent variables (eight dimensions of governance). Also, the results of regression showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of satisfaction with the eight dimensions of the governance index and the final satisfaction with good urban governance at a level of 99% confidence. The overall average of good governance indicators in Genaveh is not lower than the average and also is not in good condition.

During the last decade, although the knowledge of urban management in Iran has been considered and appeared as an academic discipline, it seems that the emergence of its positive effects in implementation has faced challenges and played no impressive role in improving the system. Therefore, some researchers have sought to solve the fundamental contests, especially the gap between theory and practice in the use of cultural and religious principles, and have reviewed it from the viewpoint of authoritative Islamic resources. One of the most vital issues in this area is the combination and bond between the characteristics of the manager and management, which in many cases has been premeditated but in exact has been less talked. The main purpose of this study is to make an impressive framework for an indigenous and religious approach to interdisciplinary knowledge of urban management. In this article, an attempt has been made to extract and explain the role and relationship between manager’s attitudes and principles of urban management in the form of an integrated outline from the view of Nahj al-Balagheh, which is one of the most admitted Islamic texts. The research method is qualitative and the content analysis method is used. From Imam Ali’s point of view, government (synonymous with management) needs to have basic grounds which are justice, judgment, security, unity, livelihood, and education; And the ruler (synonymous with the manager) society should have the qualities that are internalized in him through self-improvement in order to strengthen honesty, democracy, humility, truthfulness, consultation, collectivism, democracy, tolerance and rationality. According to the association between the obtained traits and principles, it is conceivable to define an appropriate schema for a managerial position to achieve the best results consistent with the objectives.

“Urban Good Governance” is the concept is connected with both the responsibility of the government and a citizen's commitment, and on the one hand, as a process that is based on interaction is formed between the organizations and institutions of the city administration, and on the other hand between non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations. In the present situation of our country, there is not coherent theoretical framework for existing urban management. So, it is necessary to think concerning creating new structures to change in urban management methods. In the meantime, urban good governance as one of the least costly and most effective and sustainable means of management practices is necessary to achieving sustainable development of each territory. In this regard, this paper, by descriptive-analytic method, and the theoretical discussions were gathered through library studies and documents. Also, the research is best used as the preparation a questionnaire, and the general comments of the residents of Kangavar city to complete the information. The results of this study show that urban management in the study area is not compatible with urban good governance principles and it is not suitable base on these indicators. The evaluation research suggests that the municipality and other government bodies do not have function well within the framework of the urban good governance. It is also clear that as more experienced, creative, and knowledgeable managers organize urban management, their performance is better and more useful in a variety of fields. The research Aims: 1. This research aims to evaluate urban good governance indicators, and also assessing the level of compliance with urban management in the city of Kongavar in relation to the principles of urban good governance, 2. ultimately, it has been able to identify all the impasses, problems, and efforts to achieve solutions that are better, efficient and effective urban management. The research questions: 1. how does urban management in Kongavar consistent with the principles of urban good governance? 2. whether the indicators, and metrics of urban governance and urban management is found in Kangavar city?“Urban Good Governance” is the concept is connected with both the responsibility of the government and a citizen's commitment, and on the one hand, as a process that is based on interaction is formed between the organizations and institutions of the city administration, and on the other hand between non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations. In the present situation of our country, there is not coherent theoretical framework for existing urban management. So, it is necessary to think concerning creating new structures to change in urban management methods. In the meantime, urban good governance as one of the least costly and most effective and sustainable means of management practices is necessary to achieving sustainable development of each territory. In this regard, this paper, by descriptive-analytic method, and the theoretical discussions were gathered through library studies and documents. Also, the research is best used as the preparation a questionnaire, and the general comments of the residents of Kangavar city to complete the information. The results of this study show that urban management in the study area is not compatible with urban good governance principles and it is not suitable base on these indicators. The evaluation research suggests that the municipality and other government bodies do not have function well within the framework of the urban good governance. It is also clear that as more experienced, creative, and knowledgeable managers organize urban management, their performance is better and more useful in a variety of fields. The research

1. This research aims to evaluate urban good governance indicators, and also assessing the level of compliance with urban management in the city of Kongavar in relation to the principles of urban good governance, 2. ultimately, it has been able to identify all the impasses, problems, and efforts to achieve solutions that are better, efficient and effective urban management. The research questions: 1. how does urban management in Kongavar consistent with the principles of urban good governance? 2. whether the indicators, and metrics of urban governance and urban management is found in Kangavar city?

Good governance in rural areas, through comparative approach and behavior regularity and institutionalization of accountability, public participation, transparency, rule of law, accountability, consensus oriented, and so it can be done. Accordingly, it can be good governance of rural interaction between officials and planners at macro and micro levels for local communities with people who defined development plans would be affected. Of course, the importance of rural governance analysis without identification, formulation and validation of indicators of domestic and influence will not be realized; The purpose and nature of the study and application of correlation method. The population consisted of 35 experts to study the 9 main index and 48 items. To validate and obtain expert consensus criteria for prioritizing methods positive ratings, rankings, reverse of the rank statistics mean and standard deviation were used. The two methods for determining the quality of the items of content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was used. The results showed that the indices 9 of the standard values of these methods for prioritizing indicators; participation (0.42) consensus oriented (0.28) justice (0.21) responsibility (0.19) transparency (0.33) accountability (0.25) lawful (0.20) legitimacy (0.24) efficiency and effectiveness (0.20) obtained from experts. In the study, the quality of the items from total of 48 items, 42 items were identified as items of for good governance in rural areas, out of which 8 items index participation, consensus oriented 4 items index, the index justice 4 items, 4 items index responsibility, 7 items to transparency, accountability 3 items index, the index of rule 6 items, 4 items 8 items index legitimacy and effectiveness indicator belong to.

Rural governance is Modern process that has principles, criteria and indicators different from the Approaches of their previous rural management Caused In the empowerment of rural areas residents in different field. The most important Principles, criteria and indicators of good governance, rural Consist of are) Rural resident's popular participation, Accountability, accountability, and respect for the rule of existing laws, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, fairness and equality, communitarians (collective agreement). This study is a qualitative and fundamental research (Theoretical) and have been conducted based on the documents (Library). The results of reviews Theoretical approach to rural good governance in the rural development of management indicates that This approach with the principles, criteria and indicators are listed could be a good approach in the rural management of modern and essential role in the sustainable development of political, economic, social, physical, spatial and rural development managed.