space syntax

The courtyard has a special place in the spatial structure of traditional Iranian architecture and in addition to climatic and geographical applications, it has also been important from the point of view of architectural and functional design. The suitable landscape for the surrounding spaces has overshadowed the quality of their access as well as the type and extent of their use by users. This essential member of Iranian schools has been removed from the spatial physical structure of many schools due to the lack of land and due to the density of buildings, or its location has been changed, and its role in changing the functional function of the building is ignored. This has pushed the purpose of the current research to investigate the role of the courtyard on the functional efficiency of schools, on this basis, factors such as the type of geometry of the courtyard in the configuration of the building, and its location were considered as indicators in the current research, and therefore, in general, the research method It will be quantitative and qualitative and four schools with traditional, contemporary and modern designs were selected as case examples and the analyzes related to measuring functional efficiency were carried out on them using two methods of drawing graphs and using Depthmap software. Finally, the results of the research show The existence of a courtyard with a central pattern and with a rectangular or square geometry creates the greatest amount of functional efficiency, flexibility, integrity, and also the ability to access the spaces in schools.

Historical contexts in urban literature are valuable foundations that carry the values of previous generations and the country's heritage, which requires a scientific approach to facilitate the development of this part of the city and use new methods and tools. Understanding urban neighborhoods' spatial and physical structure, especially historical and decayed neighborhoods, will help us effectively prepare future urban development plans. Thus, this study aimed to explain the role of physical components and space syntax within historical contexts through a descriptive-analytical approach. To achieve this goal, after studying the relevant theoretical foundations, Autocad, Depthmap, and GIS software were used to generate the maps, and the structural equation model and Amos Graphic 22 software were used to analyze the data. This analytical method reveals the impact of a far greater number of tangible physical, with a regression weight of 0.707. Among the tangible physical variables, the passage width with a regression weight of 0.630, and the enclosure with a regression weight of 0.604 have both achieved the highest ranking. among the variables of the intangible physical component, space syntax with a regression weight of 0.621 has a higher weight than the rest of the factors, and among the factors of this component, "space connection" with a regression weight of 0.878 has a higher weight.  One thing worth noting is that there is a significant relationship between the depth of space and the choice of path and space since the greater the depth of space and its blind spots are, the fewer paths and spaces to choose from. Moreover, contrary to popular belief, the length of passages has little impact on neighborhood dynamics.

The spatial structure of Tehran has evolved and changed over time under various spatial, temporal, and other factors. To gain a proper understanding of how changes in the spatial structure and new development plans, such as pedestrian-oriented development plans, have affected the historical area of the city, it is necessary to have knowledge of the past and the evolution of its spatial structure. This will enable us to examine the factors that have influenced spatial developments. This study aims to investigate the transformations of the spatial structure throughout different historical periods using the Space Syntax method, based on the analysis of the changes in the degree of integrity. Determining the degree of integrity at the neighborhood and supra-neighborhood scales of the streets located in the historical area plays a significant role in their valuation and prioritization for accepting pedestrian-oriented development plans. This study considers the implementation of such plans to be effective in integrating and connecting the historical structure of the city, while also recognizing the importance of the formation of these specific streets before their transformation into pedestrian axes in enhancing their pedestrian accessibility. Accordingly, the authors have classified the streets located in the historical area of the city. This research falls under the category of applied studies in terms of nature and purpose, and employs an interpretive-historical strategy to reconstruct the spatial transformations of Tehran's urban structure, followed by simulation and content analysis to evaluate the data. The findings suggest that pedestrianization of 17 Shahrivar Street, as a case study, not only fails to help preserve the value of integrity and coherence of the city's historical center, but also weakens the accessibility and connectivity indices at the neighborhood and supra-neighborhood scales.

The traditional architecture of Iran, particularly its houses, is influenced by the identity and cultural values of the people of that time. Observation of privacy and its hierarchy in the structure of traditional houses is among the principles of traditional houses in Iran. Analysis and investigation of spatial relations in these buildings regarding privacy help us preserve and create privacy in modern housing. One can employ the space syntax theory to identify spatial ties and use them as an appropriate pattern. This theory allows us to know and analyze the social relationships in a building. To do data analysis in this study, some samples are chosen from among traditional houses of the Qajar Period with different and various plan structures using the quantitative cognition method through space syntax techniques and DepthMap Software. This study employed Visibility Graph Analysis to assess the spatial relations in the building. This analysis has been used to examine the depth index and two visual integrity and connectivity for eight case studies. Furthermore, privacy hierarchy has been analyzed in the structure of case studies by comparing these two indices. The results show that houses having one courtyard or the plan structure is designed in a way that most spaces of the house are arranged around one of the courtyards provide a more regular pattern of privacy hierarchy from public to private spaces rather than the samples having many courtyards that are similar in dimensions and shape. The mentioned case makes it easy for us to comprehend space, so the legibility of the spaces is higher in these case studies. However, privacy in houses with several courtyards is more observed than in houses with one courtyard.

There are valuable legacies left in Iranian Islamic architecture, which include mosques. Mosques have long been considered as the main element of Iranian Islamic society. Various spatial principles have been used in the spatial organization of mosques, one of the most important principles being spatial continuity. This research tries to investigate the spatial continuity in the historical mosques of Borujerd. The method of conducting descriptive-analytical research is using logical reasoning. In fact, the research has been done using content analysis, field observations, pattern analysis and simulation with the help of software. In the current research, after reviewing the research literature, which includes the definition of spatial continuity and its types (visual continuity, structural continuity and structural-visual continuity) as well as the theory of space syntax and its components (connection, connection, selection and depth) space) and its relationship with the concept of spatial continuity, selected research samples are measured and evaluated both in the field and with the help of Space syntax software. The results of the research show that the most important spatial element in creating spatial continuity in the spatial complex of mosques is their yard, and also the types of spatial continuity and the methods related to each are not fully used in the historical mosques of Borujerd. Is. In this way, the structural continuity (continuity of space) and its methods are used only in Imam Borujerd mosque, and the visual continuity (transparency) and its methods are used in Imam and Jame mosques. Structural-visual continuity is rarely used in Imam and Jame mosques. In relation to measuring the spatial continuity by means of space layout components, it can be said that the greatest amount of interlinking, connection and choice is present in the Imam Mosque, and the greatest amount of spatial depth belongs to the Qala Mosque.

The lifestyle of the people of a region is introduced as the identity substructure of the native architecture of that region, which is derived from human needs at any time and place. In this study, the qualitative method of semiotics is used with the help of Space Syntax software. which uses evaluation based on standard models to determine the main factors of housing quality, and then by simulating and examining visible graphs in Space Syntax software, it is possible to have a comprehensive understanding of how Changing the pattern of space arrangement in the local archetypes was achieved in the studied houses. The Saman region of Mashhad has provided a suitable platform for this study with the abundance of native houses in it. The results of this research showed that by specifying the signs in the qualitative patterns of the housing, it is possible to provide a quantitative reading of them by Space Syntax software.Culture and design in environmental designs and artefact architecture, which targets the audience, has been considered as a cultural image in a way that theorists believe is culture. Its manifestations appear not only in the perception of people, beliefs, values, norms, customs and behaviors, but also in the design of objects and the artificial environment, including houses and neighborhoods, may be influential and overshadow them. put put into question the effectiveness of the project (Isai Ghasemian Asl and Tahereh Nasr, 2017; Amirreza Sheikh Bahai, 2018).The spatial configuration of the house, its interior design (spatial organization), and the shape of the house in an area can support or hinder the culture of the residents (Ozaki, 2002; Rapaport, 1969). Rappaport Vallior recognizes cultural contexts as a factor in the formation of local architecture and as Rappaport states, space has meaning, Grote and Wang also emphasize the need for environmental designers to pay attention to the socio-cultural aspects that they are in. (Raphaport), 1969; Oliver, 2006). Therefore, the model of spatial organization and its configuration should be investigated in order to understand the relationship between the built spaces and the subsequent cultural design (Napadon, 2001).Dwelling culture (the way of life and manners resulting from it), and social culture (social relations, kinship relations, family structure, etc.) tells how the form and spatial organization of native houses are formed, which explains how architectural designers and planners work. . It deals with the continuity of cultural-social values of native built environments.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the semiotics in the housing quality section by benefiting from the data evaluation model based on the standard models in a multiple and hierarchical format and with the help of the Space Syntax software, a new reading of the native houses of Mashhad that are narrating. . The effect of lifestyle on the change and continuity of the spatial organization of houses is presented in order to be able to purposefully explain the reading of housing qualities, which can be used to improve the quality of today's housing.

Urban spaces play a vital role in shaping human behaviors and social interactions. Despite being man-made, buildings and spaces have a significant impact on both individual and social behaviors. The presence of security is essential to ensure a lively and dynamic city where residents can make use of public spaces and participate in social activities. Security is considered a fundamental human need, ranking second in importance according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, following physiological needs. Factors affecting urban security can be categorized into physical groups (including environmental and human-made factors) and non-physical groups (encompassing background and social factors). Physical spaces can reinforce norms, enhance feelings of security and comfort, or contribute to mental distress within society. Urban scholars and experts argue that by implementing urban planning principles, crime, and criminal activities in urban areas can be reduced or prevented, thus enhancing the city's and its residents' security.

The main goal of this ongoing research is to identify the morphological criteria that influence urban space security and examine their impact on safe and unsafe areas. Therefore, the research focuses on identifying and evaluating effective morphological criteria for urban space security to provide morphological recommendations that enhance public space security. The methodology of this applied research is descriptive-analytical. Through library studies, analysis of relevant sources, examination of scholars' theories, and data screening, a new classification of dimensions, components, and indicators of urban space security was presented. Also, based on the research goal, a configuration approach (architectural-based) for analyzing selected areas was considered.

The research area encompasses neighborhoods within District 22 of Tehran Municipality. By utilizing the most recent data from the Law Enforcement Organization, crime reports, incidents, and resident interviews, high-crime areas were identified. These areas were then mapped out as crime hot spots using GIS software and the kernel density method. Based on these maps, a section of Sharif University's neighborhood known for its high security, and a segment of the Sadra neighborhood, identified as an unsafe area, were selected as case studies for this research. To examine the designated indicators and their influence on security levels in the study area, in such a way that it also deals with morphological indicators, techniques like "Space Syntax" and "Urban Network Analysis" (UNA) were applied utilizing software such as "DepthMap" and "ArcMap".

The findings indicate that the examined morphological factors (including street visibility, accessibility, spatial geometry, clarity level, visibility, and surveillance capability of space) have a significant impact on public space security. The objective of this research is to improve the security of the analyzed areas, particularly the unsafe zones, by proposing location-based strategies and recommendations through the development of a visual map. These strategies, based on the principles of "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design" (CPTED) theory, include Territorial Reinforcement, Natural Surveillance, Access Control, Target Hardening, Maintenance, and Activity Support.

Tombs are among the magnificent spaces associated with religious architecture that after mosques in many countries, especially the subcontinent and the Central Asian plateau are of great importance to people, because tombs in different parts of the world Each of them is based on spatial syntax and various factors, so dealing with the spatial syntax of this type of building is extremely important. For this reason, the present study examines the spatial structure of the tombs of Iran and India, in order to show the spatial structure of each of the spaces of the studied tombs with a focus on the syntax of the space in such a way that the spatial differences and similarities of each The tomb should be identified. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and with logical reasoning. In order to complete the research, by carefully studying the architecture of the tombs, the plan of each tomb was analyzed separately in space syntax software. Dadkeh, in the open space (courtyard) in all 4 samples studied, the strongest amount of spatial communication in the open space has occurred that the most examples of outdoor communication was seen in the tombs of Shah Nematullah Vali and Homayoun, respectively, and the index The total depth in the spaces of Indian tombs is more than Iranian tombs. In fact, Indian architects have paid special attention to the level of spatial privacy in the construction of the building. Indians have considered the highest degree of interconnectedness in the whole complex, such as Taj Mahal tomb and due to special attention to most important and necessary spaces of the tomb and the spaces in this tomb are located in a way that has a high degree of unity and interconnectedness.

Various studies confirm that the evaluation of environmental quality indicators in sensitive uses such as medical buildings plays an important role in maintaining the health, satisfaction and improvement of patients. The hospital is one of the vital and sensitive parts of the city, which should be given special attention in terms of the conditions related to passive defense in order to manage risks. The main goal of the research is to evaluate the impact of environmental factors on the improvement of the accessibility of the users of treatment spaces in crisis situations with the passive defense approach. The current research is exploratory in nature and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The research plan in the development of tools and preparation of expressions in three stages (1) content analysis of documents; (2) Delphi survey and (3) semiotic analysis are defined. Using questionnaire data and spss26 software and using Friedman's test to check the normality of the data to check the relationship between the variables, a statistical analysis was performed, finally with a plan analysis of two Rasoul Akram and Laleh hospitals in Tehran using Depth software. Map was used to examine the syntactic components and their relationship with the components studied in the research. According to the obtained results, the functional, physical and social indicators in accessibility are related to spatial depth and interconnectedness indicators in the space syntax method, and as a result, they affect the accessibility of space in crisis conditions in hospitals.

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format.

The syntax of spaces is one of the significant factors affecting visitors' sense of security in urban parks. Due to the vitality and green nature of parks, they are expected to provide more sense of peace and security to visitors than other urban spaces; However, Tappeh-Bashi Park in the city of Naghadeh, located in West Azarbaijan province, Iran, is a counterexample. This park, despite its glory days not so far past, has become a place for addicts and criminals because of a lack of surveillance, ethnic conflicts, and the stoning of two people there. Recently, measures have been taken by the municipality to improve the security of the park, such as taking out criminals, implementing some sports facilities, and planting trees, and flowers. Although this has significantly reduced the rate of crime, citizens still do not desire to visit this park due to their sense of fear of possible crimes. The root of this issue is both subjective and objective and this study's focus is on the objective aspect.The purpose is to find the areas inducing a sense of fear of crime in visitors in the case study by assessing the role of the objective factors related to the spatial syntax of the park in both physical and visual dimensions. To do so, the qualities affecting the sense of fear in visitors of Tappeh-Bashi Park and their extracted indicators were evaluated by space syntax technique and through Depthmap software.In this research, the four qualities of accessibility, choice, controllability, and integration in the physical dimension, and the qualities of lighting, visibility, and attraction in the visual dimension were evaluated. First of all, the base map of the site was updated, and the axial maps of indicators including connectivity, mean depth, metric depth, permeability, and mysteriousness were prepared in DepthMap software and valued in Geographic Information System (GIS). Next, the obtained quality maps were weighed and overlaid to get the final axial map. Then, the visual graph of the clustering coefficient indicator was combined with the final map, which gave us three areas inducing a sense of fear among visitors.Finally, three areas were also examined in terms of visibility indicators such as maximum radial line, compactness, and occlusivity, which gave us a good insight to analyse the potentials of each area for reducing sense of fear. For findings validation, the agent analysis of the site was applied, which proved area two has the potential for designing against the sense of fear of crime with the aim of enhancing social interaction. The site also was assessed according to the intensity of lighting at night showing that area three lacks proper lighting.The results showed that the dead-end and undefined routes in the park have reduced the mobility and integrity of pedestrian paths. Moreover, spaces with low levels of lighting at night, spaces that lack natural surveillance, and mysterious and abandoned spaces in the park have the highest potential to induce feelings of insecurity and a sense of fear of crime.

In the architecture of historical Iranian houses, different aspects of life such as social and cultural aspects have been considered. The spaces in a house have been formed next to each other for specific functions for their users. Social interactions in an environment can be measured in the way that environment is arranged. One of the methods that help to read and understand architecture is to know the spatial configuration.

This research is combined (quantitative-qualitative) with a practical purpose and a descriptive-analytical approach; The qualitative part of which has been done in both documentary and field forms. First, it has been studied in the fields of space, spatial organization, historical houses, the space of the pond, and the theory of space syntax. During the study of the houses in Isfahan, 35 historical houses with ponds were found (due to such things as the destruction of historical houses, being uninhabited, changing the use of houses to hotels, museums, and other cases, the lack of documents and maps of some historical houses, 10 historical houses with Hozkhaneh in the city of Isfahan related to the Safavid and Qajar periods, including the Arab house, Angoorstan Malek, Javaheri, Haj Mosvaral-Molki, Habibabadi, Dormian, Sukias, Alafchian, Qadirian and Molabashi, were selected; then, by attending these 10 houses, taking pictures and taking Information has been obtained from the space of its pool houses. In the next step, with a quantitative approach, the map of the selected houses has been analyzed for spatial configuration by Space Syntax software.

The findings of the research showed that there are differences in terms of spatial configuration in pond houses; According to the maps and numbers obtained from the mentioned software, the space of the ponds has the lowest or the highest amount of each variable.

A group of ponds has more connection, choice, and connection, and less depth and another group is different completely and has less connection, choice, and connection, and more depth. In terms of visual access, several pond houses have a view of the yard due to having a sash window. In general, the different interpretation of the choice is related to the two concepts of access and communication. This is well established in the configuration of the houses. The choice is directly related to the number of openings in the space. Also, these changes are related to the way spaces are placed together. Spaces that are located at a greater depth are restricted due to the movement of currents that are assigned to them and have less access and sight lines. Spatial depth is observed due to the multiplicity and creation of spatial and introspective space series. As a result, the visual accessibility of spaces becomes less, which causes privacy.

The process of western-style modernization that started in the first Pahlavi period in some areas continued in the second Pahlavi period and left major changes in the social and cultural fields of the society. The influence of western culture and the developments resulting from it left undeniable effects in the field of architecture, and since housing is a platform for life and is in daily contact with humans, it reflects the most cultural influences in the body. The purpose of this research is to identify and how the components of lifestyle modernization affect the architectural spatial Integration of residential houses in Tehran during the second Pahlavi period. The main question that is raised for this research is that according to the transformation in lifestyle, how do the components of lifestyle modernization affect spatial Integration? Also, in line with the main question, these questions are also raised that in houses that have been transformed with emerging spaces and changing patterns of spatial relationships, what spaces are the cause of creating continuity among spaces? What is the effect of the presence of crew members in the house on spatial Integration? In order to get the answers to the questions, a combination of 2 research methods, historical-interpretive and descriptive-analytical, has been used, which according to the subject, initially to determine the components of lifestyle modernization based on the opinions of thinkers, from the descriptive-analytical research method and also In order to identify the concrete examples, the components of modernization in the second Pahlavi era, with a view of the transition from tradition to modernity, the interpretive-historical research method has been used. Also, descriptive-analytical research method has been used in order to investigate and study case examples, using syntax-space technique. It is necessary to explain that the extraversion houses that were built during the years of the Pahlavi II regime were selected as study samples. Data and information were collected in the form of library and documents, and for data analysis, the explanatory diagram tool was used. The space syntax technique is used and in the end, the argument and conclusion is in the form of inferential reasoning. The results of this research show that among the components of lifestyle modernization, the components of human, nature, architecture (interactions) and social status are the components that influence the change in the location and function of spaces in the home, which can cause a change in spatial Integration. It can also be said that among the main interior spaces, the Living, Dining room and Family, and among the exterior spaces, the veranda and the courtyard, have created spatial continuity visually and structurally. It was also found in the studies that the presence and accommodation of crew members in some samples has increased the spatial Integration.

Problem statement: 

The old and new textures differ in terms of the spatial arrangement of passages, squares, and open spaces, segmentation, and building typology. Factors such as the ratio of height between floors to the width of passages, building orientation and permeability, etc. are factors that influence the old and new textures. Climatic factors such as wind, radiation, temperature, and humidity affect the morphological pattern. 

Therefore, the current study was conducted analyze the effects of climatic components on the morphology of old and new textures. Now, how can we study the environmental comfort through the morphological study of the old and new tissues in terms of the influence of climatic components?

This research has used the content analysis method to conduct a comparative study of two old and new textures under the influence of environmental comfort characteristics of people determined morphological characteristics related to climatic components in selected urban textures; which finally presents a series of analysis resulting from the comparative method to compare two case studies of different data analysis tools ArcGIS 10.4.1, Auto Cad, UCL Depth-Map and Ray-Man and meteorological data and information in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis.

The results show that there is a reciprocal relationship when examining the changes in the components of spatial arrangement and climatic stability in the old and new textures. Urban morphology has a significant impact on energy consumption and climate comfort. By using two methods to study climate components such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed in different textures of study samples and by using the spatial arrangement method, the environmental comfort level of people using these places was evaluated and compared which there are some differences and significant similarities in terms of climatic factors.

This research presents a comparative analogy of spatial configuration and isovist in relation to communication between the courtyard and main living spaces in traditional and contemporary houses. It is assumed that in traditional houses main living spaces had deeper relation with the courtyard into contemporary ones. For this purpose, both traditional and contemporary houses were analyzed in space syntax software; UCL Depth Map. The interview method was used to identify any types of activities and their relations with spaces of traditional houses, and finally, indicators of space syntax software were evaluated, so the results were expressed. A comparison of houses shows that the courtyard in today’s houses plays a more passive role than before and has less communication with the main living spaces.  To stay safe from cold winter, in most cases, TANABI room has less physical and visual connection than the rest with the courtyard, which people spend their time in that in traditional houses, but the living room has must physical and visual connection toward the others at contemporary, which shows the attention of contemporary architects to the connection of the main living space (living room) with the courtyard.

Home has always been the most fundamental factor of the spatiality, residence, and dwelling of humankind. The phenomenology of “home” addresses the understanding of home and its related concepts and emphasizes the life-giving aspect of living at home. Beyond its formal and functional appearance, a home entails a variety of multi-dimensional qualities that cannot be grasped merely by scientific methods based on observation, measurement, and comparison. This study seeks to find the components of the phenomenology of living in Iranian houses. The main objective is to explain the role of the qualitative components of space in the phenomenological aspect of life along with space syntax based on human movement and behavior at home.

This research falls within the category of interpretative phenomenological research. The description and analysis of data in the strategic field of logical reasoning were performed through both qualitative and quantitative methods as well as space syntax. The techniques used in the data collection phase include reading textual and visual data, visiting the houses under investigation, and interviewing the residents regarding their lived experiences. Several historical and contemporary houses in Hamedan were selected through purposive sampling.

The results indicate that home, which is a suitable structure for the manifestation of phenomenological aspects of life, can be associated with features such as privacy, symbolization of self and the world, centrality, interior-exterior space, coherence, security and peace, comfort, love and emotions, holiness and eternity, intimacy, customization, and human identity. These features can in turn be associated with space syntax components, including interconnection, centrality, discrimination index, depth, legibility index, and entropy.

Understanding the meaning of the structure of living and dwelling can be examined within a gestalt system. The qualitative meaning-making criteria of a house are interwoven with the residents and inseparable from them. This union and integration arise from a spatial configuration that was examined using space syntax. The findings of this study can be used by researchers and designers to design residential spaces with the help of phenomenological conceptions of life as well as space syntax and to examine the various aspects of biological space and its relation to human acts along with its effect on spatial configuration.