جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « urban management » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

In today's world, urban management goes beyond its traditional roles and functions as a strategic responsibility with far-reaching operational implications, establishing inseparable interactions with the domains of power, politics, society, and urban economy. In this context, preserving and maintaining cultural heritage, especially historical buildings, embodying a civilization's identity and culture, play a pivotal role in sustainable urban development. This research aims to examine the role of urban management in enhancing the quality of historical building maintenance in the metropolis of Tehran. This research is correlational and involved gathering data from 373 employees and managers of the Tehran Municipality to examine the relationship between urban management variables and the quality of historical building maintenance. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the SmartPLS software. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the variables of municipality, city council, chamber of commerce, and other organizations and the quality of historical building maintenance. These results underscore the crucial role of urban management at various organizational levels and in collaboration with other stakeholders in elevating the maintenance quality of this invaluable heritage. Urban management holds a fundamental responsibility in preserving and enhancing the quality of historical buildings, which serve as symbols of urban identity and culture. The research findings highlight that constructive interactions between the various organizational levels of the municipality, city council, chamber of commerce, and other stakeholders, along with effective planning and policy implementation, can significantly contribute to improving the quality of historical building maintenance.

In the last few decades, the issue of urban management in the country has been analyzed from various political, social, infrastructural, administrative, legal, etc. dimensions, and integrated management has always been proposed as an answer to current problems. However, the role of information and its infrastructure in this cycle has not been considered much. Therefore, this research aims to identify the weaknesses of the information mechanisms of the urban management complex of Baneh, while providing practical solutions to solve them by using the capabilities of the web-based spatial information system. The statistical population of the current research was all managers and specialist personnel of Baneh Municipality, from whom 10 managers and personnel were randomly selected. The necessary information was collected using specialized interviews and analyzed by the coding method (open, central, and selective) in Nvivo11 software, the general results of which were the weakness in accessing and classifying the information of all departments, as a result of the lack of it shows the appropriate infrastructure for data classification. Finally, after prioritizing the problems of different departments, with the help of personnel and managers, a comprehensive information system for the management of municipal construction charges was designed on the web platform to solve the mentioned problems. In this regard, we designed the frontend part of the system with HTML5, CSS3, and Bootstrap5, and developed the backend part with JavaScript and Python programming language in the Django framework and using the open-source database PostgreSQL11. The results of the implementation of this structure show that in addition to being justifiable, the economy is to improve various mechanisms in this field, including acquisition and management of spatial data, data classification, instant updates with a simple user interface, the possibility of instant reporting of the status of payments, observation of cash and other cash transactions, control of municipal employees and automatic recording of their activities, access to all the data available without the time and place restrictions with the possibility of determining the level of access to them, and instantly view the changes in the desired time interval. Also, an advanced search system has been implemented on the database with 43 information fields, which allows applying any type of filter on the information. Finally, the implementation of the information management system of construction charges has paved the way for the development of complementary systems for urban planning, waste, worn-out fabric, etc.

Since the advent of Iranian society into the so-called modern era, cities in Iran have been the centre of attention for a large group of people, experts, and professionals inside and outside the country. Cities have indeed served as a chessboard where, on one side, there has been a game between the people and the government, and on the other side, the entire Iranian society with non-Iranian societies, especially developed Western societies. This four-sided game ultimately failed to meet the national interests of Iranians. Iran, with a long history of shaping human culture and civilization, not only had nothing to say in the face of modern civilization and the imposed external development by the global capitalist society but also continuously experienced a path of decline and decadence in recent centuries compared to its glorious past. In this critical essay, an attempt has been made to review and open some dimensions of the phenomenon and approach of “urban planning” in Iran, discussing the factors shaping the current conditions and potential solutions to move beyond it briefly and concisely.

Participation of citizens in the process of urban management has a significant impact on the promotion of social capital, the effectiveness of executive policies of urban managers and the protection of the rights freedoms and also interests of citizens. The participation of citizens is significantly important; because with its application, different aspects of legitimacy, justice, effectiveness in policy making and implementation and protection of internal interests can be provided. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting people's participation in the urban management of Bushehr. The methodology of this research is based on correlational research and quantitative techniques. The research case sample includes two traditional neighborhoods in Bushehr city consist of Sangi and Shekari district. The statistical population includes 200 residents of these neighborhoods (100 people per neighborhood) were selected as a sample. After the field survey and completing the questionnaires, the data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression models. According to the findings, 23 indicators of participation with urban management can be categorized into 5 factors: "citizenship power", "participation effectiveness", "participation justice", "service participation", "beneficial participation", which in total, they explain 60% of the variance of local people's participation. The regression model also shows that the factors "justice in participation", "citizenship power" and "service participation" respectively have the greatest effect on the participation of neighborhood residents. From the comparison of the situation of the two neighborhoods, it can be seen that Sangi neighborhood has a better situation (0.18851) than Shekari neighborhood (- 0.19422) in terms of participation. At the end, based on the coefficient of influence of the factors in the regression analysis, the strategy for promoting the factors in Bushehr city has been explained.

Nowadays, increasing the architectural quality of residential buildings is a topic that has challenged scholars interested in urban issues for a long time. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of the role of urban management in increasing the architectural quality of residential buildings in Tehran. This research is correlational in nature and content. In this research, the information related to 373 employees and managers of the Tehran Municipality have been analyzed at the level of Tehran in order to investigate the relationship between the variables to test the research hypotheses. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation method using SmartPLS software. The results showed that the municipality, the city council, the chamber of commerce and other organizations have an influence on increasing the architectural quality of residential buildings.

The current research has found a semantic nature with the three concepts of urban management, smart city, and passive defense requirements, whose main goal was to present the requirements, elements, and components of passive defense in a smart city. A model whose role and form were found in the framework of urban governance approaches, such as the integrated management model, New approaches to urban management concepts such as participation, accountability, transparency, justice, local communities, distribution of power and authority, all-round urban sustainability, the presence of institutions in the decision-making system and urban decision-making, development of local institutions, institutional capacity building, convergence of institutions, social capital, synergy of institutions, suitable legal system, citizenship rights, etc. are its main keywords, and according to the mentioned concepts, it systematizes the urban management system. The current studies show that the principles of urban management are not compatible with the requirements of passive defense. The results show that Tehran is in an unfavorable condition in terms of intelligence, but in terms of comparing the components of smart city management, smart life is in the first place and smart governance is in the fifth place.

A lot of research has been done on the relationship between citizens' participation and the renovation and improvement of the worn-out urban fabric among different groups and based on different methods; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to apply the meta-analysis method in order to analyze and combine the results of the studies conducted on the relationship between citizens' participation and the improvement and renovation of the worn-out urban fabric. In order to conduct the present meta-analysis, 11 related studies that were conducted in the years 2013-2014 with the aim of evaluating the relationship between citizen participation and the renovation and improvement of the worn-out urban fabric and were published in domestic authoritative quarterly journals were selected. The selected researches have been carried out by survey method and using survey tools in different statistical communities and according to reliable criteria. In the first step of the evaluation of the selected studies, the assumptions of homogeneity and publication error were examined, and the findings indicated the homogeneity of the effect size and the lack of publication bias of the studied studies. In the second step, the effect size coefficient and the moderating role of the study field variable were evaluated using the second version of the CMA software. The findings showed that the effect size or the effect coefficient of citizens' participation on the renovation and improvement of the worn-out urban fabric is equal to 0.573, which according to Cohen's interpretation system, this amount is considered a high effect. Also, considering the field of study as a variable, the adjustment of this effect size coefficient of province and city is equal to 0.559. In fact, the participation of citizens in provinces has a greater effect on the improvement and renovation of the worn-out urban fabric than in the cities.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the indicators of a healthy city in Rasht in and finally to examine the relationships between the indicators of a healthy city, including identifying the most important factors affecting the realization of a healthy city. For this purpose, the city of Rasht has been chosen as a case study in this research.

The current research is considered an applied research in terms of purpose and, according to the method of answering research questions, it is considered a descriptive-quantitative research. In this study, the information was collected through surveys and documents. In order to investigate and evaluate the indicators of a healthy city, a questionnaire with a 5-level Likert scale was designed. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed and evaluated by SPSS software. First, in order to confirm the accuracy of the questionnaire, the value of Cronbach’s alpha was checked, and this value with a coefficient of 0.913 indicated the very favorable and reliable internal validity of the questionnaire questions. Then, by using binomial tests, Pearson correlation and linear regression test, the findings have been analyzed step by step. The sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula of 384, according to the population of Rasht in the latest population and the housing census in 2015, that was reported to be 679,995 people.

According to the average results of the indicators, the “housing quality” index has the highest average value of 3.12. On the other hand, the “organizational-managerial” index has the lowest average among the indices, with an average of 2.52. Also, according to the average results of the research items, the item of “residential unit’s access to facilities such as water, electricity and gas” from the housing quality index has the highest average with a number of 4.15, as well as the item “the existence of special bicycle paths in the place of residence”. The environmental and physical index with an average of 1.93, they have the lowest average among all items. And finally, the average of all items in the current research is equal to 2.86. Then, a step-by-step regression test was used to investigate the relationship between the “health and hygiene” index and other research indicators. At first, by entering the index of “health and sanitation” as a dependent index and 5 other research indices as independent indices, the effective indices identified by this test are entered into the model in order of effect. According to findings, “organization and management” index had the greatest impact on the health and hygiene of the citizens, as it was able to predict 34.4% of the variance share of the “health and hygiene” index alone with a correlation coefficient of 0.586. Also, in the fourth model, where all the effective indicators are included in the model, the model has a correlation coefficient of 0.704, which shows the high correlation between these factors and the health of the citizens; It could form 49.5% of the share of the variance of the “health and sanitation” variable. Finally, only the “economic” index has been removed from the model due to its insignificant effect on the “health and sanitation” index.

Based on the step-by-step regression test, firstly, the “management and organizational” index alone is able to predict 34.4% of the variance share of the “health and hygiene” index. Also, these two indicators have the highest correlation among all the indicators of this research, which indicates the continuity and high influence of these two indicators on each other. Therefore, Rasht’s urban management can place special emphasis on the topic of a healthy city and the health indicators of the citizens in its planning, in order to ultimately improve the health and health status of the city and its citizens. In the next step, the indicators of “housing quality” and then “environmental and physical” have the greatest effect on the health status of citizens, which indicates the importance of physical issues and the quality of life of citizens in addition to environmental issues. But at the last stage, the “social” index has an undeniable effect on the health index. Based on this, it is possible to improve the indicators of a healthy city with proper planning in order to increase interactions between citizens and raise the level of people’s participation in urban affairs and provide a suitable platform for the direct relationship between citizens and city officials to increase two-way interaction between them. The point to be pondered in this research is the exclusion of the economic index from the final model, which shows the insignificant and negligible impact of this index on the health status of the citizens, which indicates that this index has a lower priority than other indices, and can be a suitable subject for future research in this city.

In order to institutionalize justice, urban management should pay attention to both decision-making processes (structural justice) and results and effects and consequences of development (distributive justice) and try to discover the structures and underlying layers that cause injustice and inequality in cities and examine distributional results from fair aspects. Or be unfair. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to evaluate spatial justice by emphasizing the role of urban management, based on which justice is examined in the light of decision-making processes (structural justice) and the effects and consequences of development (distributive justice(. Therefore, the concept and dimensions of justice and spatial justice, its evaluation methods and criteria that can be used to evaluate it in planning documents and traditions such as comprehensive urban plans and spatial distribution of development consequences, are among the topics considered in this study. are. The information and data of the GEC census of 2016 and the information of the uses collected by the Deputy of Urban Planning and Architecture of Urmia Municipality in 2021 have been used to study distributive justice and to collect the documents of the comprehensive plan to study structural justice. The most important findings of this study are the development of a framework for evaluating spatial justice in urban development programs (by qualitative discourse analysis with emphasis on the semiotic network of Ferdinand Dossussor) and the spatial distribution of development effects and consequences (using quantitative and spatial models in GIS) and institutionalization. It emphasizes the role of urban management. The results showed that the document of the comprehensive plan of Urmia in general has considered a very low and minimal level of justice and has considered this issue (justice) from less angles and the interpretation of the document of spatial justice is more focused on the physical dimension.

Urban management has become a very complex and dynamic phenomenon with the expansion of urbanization and physical-spatial dimensions. Therefore, for better management of the city, it is necessary to use new methods of urban management. One of the important platforms for urban management in a modern way is information technology. Despite the fact that many studies have explained this issue, a comprehensive conceptualization of it has not been done in the theoretical foundations of this field. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the development dynamics, effects and applications of information technology in urban management with a dynamic and comprehensive perspective. This article seeks to answer questions about the definition of information technology based on the definition of urban management, the elements of information technology in urban management, its advantages in urban management, trends in the development of information technology with an emphasis on its operational process, using library and meta-combination study. To explain the structure governing the growth of cities and the effects of information technology in urban management using the qualitative system dynamics approach. The results showed that the elements of information technology in the city, in addition to the general elements, include processing algorithms, processing spaces and intelligence, geographic information system (GIS) and applications and social networks. Also, 12 special advantages of information technology in the city and 10 effects and applications of information technology in urban management were explained. Also, the cause and effect model included 6 reinforcing loops of urban expansion, the effect of information technology on providing services, governance and sustainable development of the environment, innovation, administrative transparency and security, and a balancing loop of the disadvantages of urban expansion.

Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes have always existed and will continue to exist throughout the life of the planet, but the noteworthy point is that the effects of these natural disasters do not disappear completely and their effects can only be balanced. Urban tissues and man-made elements of urban spaces are worn out and destroyed over time, and for this reason, keeping urban bodies stable requires interventions to improve and improve the existing situation, and this shows the necessity of physical interventions in the tissue. Uneven urban spaces are a reflection of the social and economic inequalities of their residents, although natural disasters and events threaten most cities, but the poor who live in informal settlements and dilapidated structures face greater human and financial losses when natural disasters occur. be. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the institutional dimension of urban resilience in dealing with earthquakes, focusing on the city of Bandar Abbas. The present research method was a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included all the expert employees of the Crisis Management Organization of Bandar Abbas Governorate and other agents of the Crisis Headquarters, which was determined by using the Cochran sample size formula to determine the number of 35 people as the sample size. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework of the research. The reliability of the tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test above 0.65. According to the research results, the level of institutional resilience has not been at an acceptable level.Natural hazards have been with humans since the beginning of time, and humans have always sought a way to deal with them. Disasters are events that occur unexpectedly and sometimes inevitably, and due to the spread over material and human resources and interruption of the natural process of life, they are beyond the capacity of societies to adapt. The effects and consequences of a natural disaster, regardless of its type, can remain for a long time after the incident (Fali, 2014). On the other hand, population growth, increase in urban population and population density in a specific area have doubled the risk of these accidents. The lack of preparation for such incidents increases the losses and sometimes causes huge disasters (Noorian and Esfandi, 2014: 56). At the beginning of the 20th century, crisis management initially only had the ability to respond and react immediately after the incident and the occurrence of the crisis (Davis, 2011). After the inefficiency of this system showed itself in many situations, the attention of urban planners and managers was drawn to its resilience and increase (Coppola, 2007). Resilience has been discussed since the 1970s, which was first about ecological systems in the sense that resilience determines the continuity of relationships and links within a system and is a measure of the system's ability to absorb changes in parameters and stable variables. And moving and maintaining survival.

Currently, more than half of the world's population resides in cities. The important issue is that, due to demographic trends, cities are significantly facing with the global challenges of the new age. One of these challenges is faced with natural disasters that cause social vulnerabilities along with economic losses. The most incidents that can be mentioned are; extreme climate changes, earthquakes, floods, storms, avalanches, landslides, lightning, and tsunamis. The cases mentioned are among the events that mankind is facing today, and it should be noticed that every day these disasters lead to the loss of a large number of people's life. It should also be noted that the planned structure of cities through factors such as the rapid and uncontrollable growth of urbanization and development of new residence patterns, changes in national and local government and its spatial organization, weak local governments, and social and income inequality are gradually destroying. According to the issues mentioned, one of the important challenges that can be pointed out is that cities are facing severe pressure and only a few of them are equipped with the tools to overcome challenges. Another point that should be mentioned is that the cities have suffered a kind of premature fragility, and in other words, the threshold of fragility of the cities has been greatly reduced and they have become a chaotic environment for residing. Nevertheless, the fragility of the city is not continual, and by offering instructions, the threshold of fragility in cities can be increased to a great extent, and instructions can also be provided for the restoration of cities. Also, by mentioning that cities are different from each other in the aspects of economic and cultural identity and how to deal with risk, each of them should have different solutions to control the fragility of the city. Therefore, the current research can significantly change the process of fragility by the perception of fragility and recognizing components of fragility in cities.

The present study, taking into account the preferred report in the field of structured review guidelines, by providing a strategy for searching articles based on the words "fragility", "fragile city", "urban fragility" and "fragile state" in valid citation databases, from a structured review based on a 7-step model (question selection, inclusion criteria, finding studies, selecting studies, evaluating the quality of studies, extracting data, analyzing and presenting results) has been started, and in total, 722 sources (including articles, books, and official reports)  have been found and after going through 7 steps, 86 sources were selected for deeper studying.

The findings obtained from the review of the theoretical basics and considerations suggested by researchers in the field of fragility indicate that urban fragility is a new concept in the field of urban planning and management and is described as follows; urban fragility means the city's weakness and fragility against a set of multiple risks, that happens when a city lacks legitimacy and effective institutions, the existence of multiple risks in different dimensions (economic; social; institutional; environmental, economic, social and political conditions of the people of the society; because of the unfavorable performance of the city, international relations) that do not have the suitable functionality to perform their main tasks before, during and after facing the shocks and lead to different forms of fragility in relation to the city and society. It is also necessary to mention that fragility is unavoidable and reversible and can quickly or gradually penetrate into cities and lead to the creation of permanent risk and disturbance in their development process. It is worth mentioning that the degree of fragility of a city against risks is evaluated with the sum of components such as pre-risk conditions, risk characteristics, and reactions to overcome the risk.

The conducted studies indicate that the components that cause urban fragility have a continuous sequence and appear continuously. The increasing growth of urbanization leads to the creation of slums. Since the slum dwellers suffer from urban poverty due to the lack of access to essential services and proper jobs, in addition to inequalities in social issues and income, there are also issues such as tension, violence, and urban conflict which is caused by inequity. Therefore, according to the statements of researchers and thinkers in the field of urban issues, urban fragility does not appear due to one factor, but a set of risks and challenges are also involved in its emergence. Also, increasing the components of the rapid growth of urbanization, informal residence, unemployment, urban violence, and facing natural disasters indicates that the mentioned components include all social, economic, and environmental dimensions. It is worth mentioning that most of the research conducted in this field has identified the social, economic, and environmental dimensions and components, and due to the emergence of the concept of urban fragility, governmental-institutional dimensions; economic, social, and political conditions of society and international relations have not been comprehensively and accurately under the feasibility studies and practical evaluation.

The findings obtained from this study indicate that cities that make investments to address the main risks will grow at an increasing speed in the future. In other words, it can be said that investments that lead to reducing violence, improving security, and increasing the capacity of authorities and citizens to prepare and respond to disasters, prevent the fragility of the city. Therefore, urban planners, policymakers, researchers, and local managers should consider policies to reduce urban fragility for achieving urban resilience in their development plans and take measures to improve and promote the fragile infrastructure and expand livelihoods.

Today, rapid urban growth has affected all cities in small, medium, and large scales, which includes the urban environment and has a direct relationship with the quality of urban life and its sustainability. Therefore, in this research, the process of heterogeneous physical expansion of the small city of Jajarm and the most important effects of this growth on the environmental components have been analyzed. This study was the descriptive-analytical method. The data collection method was based on a survey and documentary. Therefore, the researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The sampling method was probabilistic and snowball, which 30 people have been questioned in the snowball sampling. Findings illustrated that the growth of Jajarm city in the years between 1335 to 1395 has been uneven and heterogeneous that This issue has affected different parts of the city, especially the environment. In order to estimate the impact of heterogeneous growth of Jajarm city on environment many components have been evaluated including waste, wastewater management, green space, health care, water resources, natural hazards, and air quality, which the first three components are the most affected and the latter three components are the least affected by this change. The result is that the city of Jajarm, in a short period, which this increase was not planned but has grown spontaneously in a spiral pattern. So, except in some of the indicators in all the studied indicators, the test value averages obtained were higher than the assumed average and has been indicating the heterogeneous growth of the city and its negative impact on the quality of environmental indicators.

emphasizing social participation and interaction necessity. In this case, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in creating a participation-centered environment by performing as intermediaries between urban management and people. NGOs can act effectively in this way due to their inherent nature and characteristics and their ability to win the trust of the local community. As the capital of Gilan, Rasht City has many active NGOs in different fields. Hence, it is essential to identify stimuli and barriers to the actualization of participation and achieve good urban governance.

This study aimed at identifying the barriers and stimuli to NGO activity and examining how NGOs perform as an urban governance pattern to improve participation in urban management structures.

This was a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The extant study used bibliographic studies and a survey method through 12 semi-structured and in-depth interviews to collect data. Interviewees were selected via the snowball method. Moreover, content analysis was used to analyze interviews through three-phase coding of concepts and categories.     

NGOs do teamwork and make collective decisions; hence, they mediate the relationship between citizens and urban management. In this regard, participation, civic intervention, and citizenship are the most substantial stimuli in the urban management structure. Moreover, results of restrictive legal structures indicate that the political employment of NGOs and limited financial resources are the most important barriers to NGOs. In total, the urban management structure of Iran has ignored NGOs, and it is hoped that NGOs will become vital and effective elements in the urban management structure by eliminating the barriers.

Measuring people's satisfaction with urban management is one of the most important factors determining the quality and performance of urban service providers; Based on this, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the quality of the urban management performance of the 2nd region of Tabriz metropolis from the citizens' point of view. The indicators used in this research in the functional areas of the municipality including urban services and environment, urban planning and architecture, crisis management, city management, cultural-social and transportation and traffic were identified and operationally defined using research background and theoretical literature. A statistical population of 383 people among the citizens was completed in the form of a field questionnaire.The research findings were analyzed using Friedman, one-sample t test and regression. The findings of the research show that the residents' satisfaction with the municipality and its services is at a medium to low level; Also, based on the Friedman test, it was determined that the highest level of citizen satisfaction is related to cultural and social indicators, and the lowest level of satisfaction is also in the index of city management and people's participation in city-related decisions. It was also confirmed that there is a significant difference between the level of education and the level of satisfaction and the absence of a relationship between the characteristics of age, gender and marriage and the level of satisfaction with the performance of the municipality.

One of the signs of improving and excelling the ability of urban management is the increase of stable incomes and, accordingly, the decrease of unstable incomes of the municipality. One of the indicators that show the financial power of municipalities is financial per capita, which means the ratio of the municipal budget to the city's population. In this article, the provincial centers and major cities of the country's provinces were examined and analyzed in terms of this index. Data collection was done based on library and survey method. The budget data of the municipalities of the capital of the provinces and the big cities of each province were collected in the current year (2022). In the survey section, expert experts were interviewed. The sampling method used to find the characteristics of cities is snowball type or chain reference sampling. 30 items were introduced and discussed by urban elites and experts as influencing factors in increasing the financial per capita of cities. Among the mentioned items, 14 items were chosen by elites and experts as having a great impact on the financial per capita of cities and with the ability to access accurate data. In the next step, by re-examining 14 items by experts and elites, using the Likert method, the extent of their impact on the financial per capita of the cities was introduced and discussed. The eight indicators: population, tourism, industrial and mining, close to the centers of provinces/Tehran, in the way of traffic, religious and public participation were chosen as the most effective indicators in increasing the financial per capita of the cities. Finally, for each of the provincial centers and big cities of the country's provinces, 8 indicators were determined by experts and urban elites using a Likert test. The results of the surveys show that the financial per capita of the cities of the country has a direct relationship with the population of that city, but the suitability of this index is not the same for all cities, and with the increase in the population of the cities, their financial per capita also generally increases. Of course, there are exceptions, such as the city of Tehran, where the urban financial per capita has not increased in proportion to the increase in population. In the end, by examining various proposed solutions, to improve the position of municipalities and their sustainable incomes, a comprehensive solution centered on increasing the range of duties and powers of municipalities has been proposed.