user satisfaction

Bicycle-sharing is a relatively new idea, but concerns about its popularity, benefits, and potential harms behind it have sparked heated debate in the public and academic circles. However, there is still a gap between describing the phenomenon and evaluating its effectiveness. Therefore, a correct understanding of the decision-making processes in the adoption and use of shared bicycle systems can enable operators to plan their services in a more optimal way. The bicycle distribution system, if planned well, can play a complementary role in the existing transportation infrastructure. Due to the recent growth of bicycle sharing systems in large countries such as China, Europe, and the United States, there is a great interest in identifying factors influencing this system to encourage people using it. Therefore, one of the most important challenges in this field is the factors affecting the level of user satisfaction, and better identification and understanding of these factors can help improve the user experience and increase the use of this system. So far, many researches have been conducted on the components affecting the functional stability of the shared bicycles system, for example Si et al. in 2020 found that factors of efficiency, economic benefits, environmental awareness, and infrastructure incentives influence the willingness to use the shared bicycle system. Also, other studies in this field have found factors such as mental norms, behavioural norms, appearance quality, ease of use, flexibility, and safety to be effective on the willingness to use the shared bicycle system (X. Li et al., 2022; Shao et al., 2020; Zhou & Zhang; 2018). But this issue has not been fully investigated yet. Dockless Bicycle Sharing system (DBSS) with different brand names such as: Mobicycle, Ofo, Youbicycle, etc., and recently with Bidood brand, have been expanded in Iran. Therefore, according to the issues and needs raised, as well as the few studies that have been conducted in the field of investigating the efficiency and use of shared bicycles in Iran, especially in the metropolis of Tehran, the current research seeks to identify the factors affecting the use of the bicycle sharing system in Tehran in the field of urban planning and policy making, to provide guidance for city managers and operators of the shared bicycle system.

In the current research, structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used to analyse latent variables, their relationships and test hypotheses according to the conceptual model of the research. It used the simple random sampling method and the required data was collected through a questionnaire, the items of which were mainly obtained from the review of the literature related to shared bicycles, its mechanism, and the presented conceptual model. A questionnaire was distributed both face-to-face and non-face-to-face (through virtual platforms such as Eitaa etc.). To check the validity and reliability of the measurement tool, improve the questions, format and scales, a pilot study of potential participants was conducted. Finally, 270 questionnaires were collected, and after screening the data, 248 questionnaires were approved. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done through SPSS version 26.0, such as data screening, frequencies, percentages and reliability analysis, and AMOS version 26.0 software was used for modelling, model analysis and hypothesis testing.

Based on findings, the five components defined in the conceptual model, including quality and performance, distribution and parking, comfort and flexibility, safety and environment, and the usefulness of services, affect the satisfaction and use of users of the shared bicycle system. The results of the squared multiple correlations, which express the degree of explanation of the data variance by the model, showed that the five variables in question constitute 64% of the variance of the satisfaction variable (R2 = 0.64), with comfort and flexibility having the greatest impact on the satisfaction and use of the shared bicycle system. After that, quality and performance, service desirability, safety and environment, and distribution and parking have the most impact respectively. The findings indicate that the better the quality and performance, the conditions of distribution and parking, and the comfort and flexibility of the shared bicycle system, the greater the satisfaction and the amount of usage. In the same way, the more the shared bicycle system has higher safety and provides better services to users (have more safety and desirability), the more satisfaction and the amount of usage will be. The findings from the descriptive statistics showed that the quality and performance of bicycle sharing in terms of lightness and easy portability of bodies, beautiful design and lock function, the condition of distribution and parking of shared bicycles, the ease of access and parking, the number of bicycles, the method of deployment and management, the comfort and flexibility of bicycle sharing in terms of ease of movement in traffic, the freedom of action in choosing the route and ease of access to public transportation, and the safety of bicycles and cycling paths are not at acceptable levels. On the other hand the bicycle sharing system was considered acceptable by respondents in terms of environmental (low pollution and reduction of carbon consumption). The service quality of the bicycle sharing system was found not at a suitable level in terms of rental cost, reasonable deposit, application performance and QR sensitivity. In terms of the compatibility of the application (APP) with the mobile operating system and the ease of the registration process, however they were found at a relatively favourable level. The findings of the descriptive statistics from the satisfaction variable showed that the overall satisfaction of the users (tendency to reuse and recommend this system to others) is at a very low level, but if the services is improved, they will accept this green transportation system.The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the use of shared bicycle systems in Tehran metropolis, to provide guidance for city managers and relevant operators in the field of planning, decision-making and policy making. The results of this research showed that 5 components: quality and performance, distribution and parking, comfort and flexibility, safety and environment, and the desirability of service influence the satisfaction and use of the shared bicycle system. Therefore, it is necessary for managers and urban planners and policymakers to take measures to improve the performance level of the five components proposed in this research, including the integration of shared bicycle system with public transportation, better management of distribution and parking of bicycles, increase safety of bicycles and improvement of servic

A shared workspace is an open-plan workspace that creates a platform for collaboration between independent employees, and user satisfaction is very important in this space because it can improve the efficiency and performance of employees. The main goal of this research is to find the physical components that are effective in creating satisfaction in office spaces and to analyze the physical components of satisfaction in the case study of Nitek’s creative house and digital content innovation. The current research is qualitative in nature and applied in terms of methodology. Collection of information has been achieved through the use of library and field studies. The findings show that satisfaction is influenced by various components, and among these, it is very important to pay attention to the physical component because it creates a positive experience and a good feeling in users. The analysis of the physical components in the case sample showed that the index of color, materials, artificial light, and the type and arrangement of furniture in the case sample have good conditions and can provide user satisfaction, but the indicators of natural light and natural elements need more attention.

Office products play a key role in facilitating efficiency and productivity in modern work environments. Therefore, improving the design process of these products can be significantly effective. A user-centered design approach plays a fundamental role in enhancing the performance, aesthetics, and functionality of office products. By combining principles of aesthetics and a user-centered approach, designers can create products that are not only practical and beautiful but also psychologically stimulating and motivational. The goal of this research is to achieve a product and environment that minimizes fatigue and improves workflow. The user-centered design methodology emphasizes understanding user needs and preferences through research and observation, ensuring that office products are aligned with individual preferences and behaviors. Well-designed and aesthetically pleasing office tools enhance user comfort and visual satisfaction. This study utilized a combined methodology including interviews, questionnaires, and observations. In this study, the opinions of 50 users regarding office products were examined, and it was concluded through interviews with users that the positive impact of aesthetics can indirectly increase efficiency and motivation, and ultimately lead to an improved overall work experience. The results indicate that user-centered design can contribute to improving the aesthetics and user satisfaction of office products and enhancing creativity, ultimately leading to increased efficiency and motivation.

The current research was conducted to identify the internal architecture components effective in clients’ satisfaction to be used in designing and building efficient and dynamic libraries. This research is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose. In the first step, by reviewing the theoretical foundations through library and documentation studies, the effective components, and indicators in the design of the internal architecture of public libraries have been extracted and resulted in the presentation of a conceptual model. In the second step, the media library as a successful example was analyzed based on the conceptual model, and the results were presented in the table format. The findings show that the physical factors affecting the increase of users’ satisfaction in public libraries include color, light, nature, elements and equipment, type and arrangement of furniture, proper temperature and ventilation, materials and texture, and access, and in the studied sample, in the order of priority, indicators of color, light, materials and texture, accessibility, furniture arrangement and connection with nature have been considered. The present research results show that the media library has the potential as a social, flexible, visually beautiful space. Its unique body is famous due to its attention to the physical characteristics of interior architecture, such as light, color, connection with nature, etc. By considering open and numerous reading spaces and children's play spaces, the Media Library has paved the way for the presence of women and all citizens. By improving audience satisfaction, it has become a more attended place.

Yazd is located in the center of Iran. The Historical urban fabric of Yazd is as an urban heritage with valuable cultural and historical monuments. Until now, numerous activities with revitalization approach have been done in order to conserve the Yazd cultural heritage. In recent years, this conservative approach had led to revitalization of some historical buildings to residential-touristic units in historical urban fabric of Yazd. Assessing the quality of revitalization in these experiences will provide a suitable basis to improve the quality of revitalization process of architectural heritages in future instances. This study is aimed to assessing the quality of architectural heritage revitalization experiences with touristic–residential function that is based on the perspective of tourist users, and has studied the components that are effective on quality of these experiences. This study is based on attitude research and has been conducted using structured questioning for tourist users that have resided in 26 identified cases as architectural and environmental scales. According to user-oriented approach of this study, measurement of tourists' satisfaction regarding the effective components on qualitative fields of revitalization is considered as a basis for evaluating the experiences. Based on the results of this study, average satisfaction of tourism users for the quality of each of affected fields on revitalization experiences is more than 60 percent. Tourist satisfaction of “functional qualities of revitalization” in these cases is at the lowest rank, and satisfaction of “safety and mental relaxation qualities of revitalization”, “social qualities of revitalization” and “the quality of respect for the user in revitalization” are ranked second to forth. Satisfaction of “cultural and valued qualities of revitalization” is in the first rank and has the most impact on ultimate quality of revitalization on both architectural and environmental scales. In these samples on both architectural and environmental scale, the components, which are related to culture and intangible heritage and are effective on related qualities, have higher effect in increasing tourist’s satisfaction of revitalization process in comparison with other measured components that are tangible and controls functional qualities. On the other hand, the components, which have less effect on tourist’s satisfaction in architectural and environmental scales, are mostly physical and tangible ones. These units have some problems in terms of functional and physical aspects of their revitalization that users have emphasized on them. Therefore, when revitalization process leads towards reinforcement of tangible qualities that are related to functional and physical aspects of revitalization, more attention and consideration is necessary. Generally, the experiences of “residential – touristic unit’s revitalization” have been successful in terms of conservation and transferring the semantic values. Tourists’ satisfaction of semantic aspects of revitalization and conservation values shows the success of architectural heritage revitalization process with touristic-residential function in relation to conservation, and introducing and inducing values. The total satisfaction of tourists for the quality of the revitalization of the studied historical buildings indicates the relative success of the cases.