آلوکسان

Despite advances in diabetes-related treatments, the effects of the disease have not yet been adequately reversed or prevented in patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective medication-assisted treatments in this field.

In this study, type 1 diabetes mice models was established using multiple low-dose alloxan, and the diabetic mice were treated with three doses of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) i.e low, medium, and high viz. 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively for a period of 21 days. Then, specific test were done to evaluate blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes expression, and histopathological changes in the mice kidney and liver.

The obtained results showed remarkably improved anti-diabetic, hepato-renal-protective, and oxidative stress indexes of DMF in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (P< 0.001). Treated mice with DMF demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic group (P< 0.001). Diabetic liver and kidney tissues showed marked dilation of bile ducts, tubules, infiltration, and inflammation. On the contrary, the histological features of the treated mice with DMF improve as shown by normal size of glomerular capillaries along with decrease in less dilatation of ducts in comparison with diabetic mice. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicated that DMF injection decreased the alloxan-induced increase of significant elevations in mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in both kidney and liver tissues. Meanwhile, mice treated with DMF showed an increase in Sirt1 and Nrf2 expression in comparison to diabetic group.

In conclusion, it can be concluded that DMF treatment provides hepato-renal protective effects on alloxan-induced diabetic mice model by attenuating ROS inflammatory pathways.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Medicinal plants have been used for controlling diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Allium saralicum on blood glucose and some related biochemical factors in alloxan induced type-1 diabetes in male rats.

In this experimental study, diabetes was induced by single-dose intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg/bw). Thirty male rats weighing 200±20 g were divided into 6 groups of 5. Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (diabetic control), Group 3 (diabetic group receiving glibenclamide (20 mg/kg/bw), Groups 4 to 6 including diabetic groups receiving aqueous extract of Allium saralicum (20, 60 and 180 mg/kg/bw), respectively by gavage for 25 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected and serum levels of glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and creatinine were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s post hoc tests.

The results indicated that Allium saralicum extract improved body weight loss in the diabetic group (p<0.05). Also, serum levels of glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and creatinine in the diabetic group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). These changes were ameliorated by treatment with Allium saralicum extract at different doses similar to glibenclamide (p<0.05).

Allium saralicum extract may have a protective effect against blood glucose and some biochemical factors alterations caused by alloxan-induced diabetes.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with high prevalence characterized by hyperglycemia due to relative deficiency or lack of insulin. Type 1 diabetes (destructionof Beta cells) and type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance) are the two main types of diabetes. Animal models of diabetes, as an important tool in the study of this disease, help to avoid human challenging immoral and costly studies. Therefore, the present review study aimed to investigate animal models of induced and spontaneous type 1 diabetes in rodents.

In this systematic review, the keywords of “diabetes”, “induction”, and “animal model” from 1991 to 2021 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. Articles related to the subject of study were selected and reviewed.

From the half of the twentieth century until today, new models have been introduced for prevention and treatment of diabetes in vivo and in vitro. There arevarious models for inducing type 1 diabetes, each of which has its strengths and weaknesses. These models include spontaneous models, genetically engineered, and chemically induced models. Typically, one way to induce diabetes in animals is to use chemicals, especially streptozotocin (STZ). Animals used include rats, mice, cats, dogs, pigs, and primates.

Based on the results of the study, there is still no standard animal model that can accurately detect the disease, and there is a long way to arrive at a comprehensive model of the pathogenesis and complications of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of these models. Given the importance of diabetes studies, it is necessary to carefully select the appropriate animal model for each study.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the production or function of insulin is impaired. This hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells and its main function is to lower blood glucose. Probiotics are living microorganisms that strengthen and balance the intestinal microbial flora and have beneficial effects on host health.

In this study, 32 mice were divided into four groups: the first group (non-diabetic control), the second group (diabetic control), the third group (diabetic mice treated with Lactobacillus Plantarum), and the fourth group (diabetic mice treated with glibenclamide). After blood sampling and serum isolation, serum glucose, and insulin levels were measured using enzymatic kit and ELISA, respectively. Also, sections of the pancreas were prepared and the average diameter of the Langerhans Islands was examined.

The results showed a significant decrease in glucose levels in the treatment group with Lactobacillus Plantarum compared with the diabetic control group (P <0.05), which is similar to glibenclamide. Moreover, in the group treated with Lactobacillus Plantarum, insulin levels did not change significantly compared to the diabetic group. Pancreatic histological examination also showed that this probiotic also affected the improvement of pancreatic tissue.

The results suggest that Lactobacillus Plantarum has positive effects on the control of blood glucose in diabetic mice with Aloxone and may be used as a drug supplement to control blood glucose.

Thyroid dysfunction is one of the controversial complications of diabetes. Given the hypoglycemic properties of Yellow Horne Poppy (YHP), this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral administration of aqua-ethanolic extract of YHP and glibenclamide on serum level of T3 and T4 hormones in alloxan diabetic rats compared to healthy rats. In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of 8, including healthy control, healthy treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of YHP extract, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 250 and 500mg/kg of YPH extract and diabetic treated with 5μg/kg of glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of alloxan. After 30 days of treatment, blood samples were collected and the concentration of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 were measured. Finally, the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were significantly lower in the diabetic control group than those in the control group (P<0.001). The mean concentration of T3 was significantly higher in the diabetic+250 extract than that in the diabetic control group (P<0.001). Also, the mean concentration of T4 was significantly higher in the diabetic+250 extract than that in the diabetic+drug group (P=0.04). YPH extract can effectively improve T3 and T4 serum levels in diabetic rats. Further studies are required to determine the active ingredient responsible for this therapeutic effect, such as Glaucin.

Yellow Horned Poppy (YHP) is known as anti-diabetic plant in folk medicine in the southern regions of Iran. This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral administration of this plant and Glibenclamide on serum level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine and Bilirubin (total and direct) in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. in this experimental study, Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 250 mg/kg Body Weight(BW)/day of extract, diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg BW/day of the extract and diabetic treated with 5μg/kg BW/day of Glibenclamide. Diabetes induced in groups 2 to 5 by IP injection of Alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg BW. After thirty days, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected from the heart. Creatinine, BUN, total and direct bilirubin were measured enzymatically. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. there were significant different between means of 250 treated group and diabetic control in all four factors (P<0.001). Also, the difference of means were not significant between 500 treated group and healthy control in BUN, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin (P>0.05), this reduction for the drug treated group was limited to creatinine and total bilirubin. It can be concluded that oral administration of the extract at both doses may possibly modulate the renal and hepatic clearance activity of diabetic rats.

Glaucium flavum Crantz (Yellow Horned Poppy, YPH) is used to reduce complications of diabetes in Iranian folk medicine. This study was conducted to compare the effect of aqua-ethanolic extract of Yellow Horned Poppy and Glibenclamide on serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and insulin in diabetic rats induced by alloxan. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: healthy control, healthy treated with 500mg/kg body weight (BW) of the YPH extract (healthy+YPH), diabetic control, diabetic treated with 500mg/kg BW of the extract (diabetic+YPH), diabetic treated with 5μg/kg BW of Glibenclamide (diabetic+ medicine). Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan. After a month, blood samples were collected and serum levels of liver enzymes and insulin were also measured. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. The activity of AST and ALP enzymes in the diabetic+YPH group was significantly higher than that in the diabetic+drug group (P=0.04). Also, ALT activity and insulin concentration in diabetic+YPH group significantly increased compared to diabetic control group (P<0.001). The findings of this study reveal that oral administration of the YHP extract in addition to its hepatoprotective activity against diabetes-induced stress, can enhance serum insulin level.

Since Yellow Horned Poppy (Glaucium flavum) has antioxidative effects, this study was conducted to determine its effect on some antioxidative enzymes of liver and kidney in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 including: control, Diabetic, Diabetic treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, and Diabetic treated with 5 µg/kg of Glibenclamide. Oral administration of the extract continued for one month after diabetes induction. At the end, the activity levels of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) were determined. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. In the liver and kidney tissues, CAT and GPX activity in the Diabetic+250 group had a significant difference with the Diabetic group (p=0.001). Regarding the results, Yellow Horned Poppy extract can increase the activity of liver and kidney oxidoreductase enzymes in diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress is the connection between diabetes and neuropathies and micro vascular disorders. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Horned Poppy on the tissue activity of antioxidant enzymes in the heart and brain of Alloxan induced diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 32 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight control, diabetic control, diabetic treated by a dose of 500mg/kg body(diabetic+extract) diabetic treated with Glibenclamide by 5μg/kg(diabetic+drug). Diabetes were induced by single injection of 120mg/kg of Alloxan. After a month of Oral administration, cardiac and cephalic activity of SOD, CAT and GPX were measured and were analyzed.

Cardiac activity of all three enzymes in the group diabetic+extract were significantly higher than diabetic control (P<0.001). Cephalic activity of SOD had a significant different in comparison of diabetic+extract(8.79±1.4) and diabetic+drug(6.77±1.7) (P=0.03). As the same, CAT activity in diabetic+extract(4/64±1.2) were significantly higher than diabetic+drug(3.83±1.5). And GPX activity in diabetic+extract(4.23±0.7) were significantly higher than diabetic+drug(3.64±0.4) too (P=0.03)

The present study declared that yellow horned poppy`s extract can promote the main enzymatic mechanisms against diabetic induced oxidative stress in heart and brain which it was more evident in brain.

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases of the body's endocrine system, Based on present forecasts of its prevalence will increase in human societies. Diabetes mellitus consists of 5 groups, its two major groups: type I diabetes or insulin-dependent and type II diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of green wheat leaves on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total antioxidant capacity of blood serum in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
In this study, 40 male mice with an average weight of 25-20 grams in eight groups of five rats: The negative control, positive control (sham), Methformin (60mg/kg), green Wheat leaf extract (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000mg/kg) were tested. Blood glucose was measured at baseline, then in the positive control group and the experimental groups by Alloxan (120mg/kg) Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneally. During the study, the positive control group and experimental groups received aforementioned compounds for 10 days via intraperitoneally and after 48 hours of each group blood samples were taken through the intraventricular anesthesia and glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total antioxidant capacity in serum were measured. Quantitative results achieved in this research by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test between the groups studied Considering the significance level of p The results showed that blood glucose changes in green Wheat leaf extract and metformin groups compared with the positive control group and negative control group was significant at the 5% level and In all under study groups blood glucose levels, Compared with the positive control group decreased and is close to the negative control group also in doses of 100, 200, 800 and 1000 mg/kg Reduced blood glucose is better than methformin group. Methformin and green Wheat leaf extract caused a significant increase at all doses studied in the TAC's Blood. Methformin and green Wheat leaf extract on the amounts of LDL, HDL and cholesterol in diabetic groups had no significant effect and did not have significant difference with other groups. There was no significant effect of different doses of green Wheat leaf extract on the blood triglycerides. However, metformin has a significant impact on triglyceride levels.
The results of the effects of green Wheat leaf extract on glucose and serum antioxidant capacity It can be noted that these extracts in the treatment of diabetes and reduce its complications can be considered as an option.

Background and Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with several complications, such as delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral administration and topical application of hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on cutaneous wound healing and serum biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
In this experimental study thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment. After anesthesia, full-thickness pieces of skin (25×25 mm) were removed from upper dorsal part of the rats. Subsequently, 24 h after the operation, the wounds of the diabetic group were locally treated with topical application of 5% cream and oral administration of Melissa officinalis extract (2500 mg/kg) was performed by gavage, daily for three weeks. The control and diabetic control groups received no treatment. The wound surface areas were measured using linear and photographic methods on days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Incisional biopsies were performed to evaluate the wound healing rate and for histopathologic examination. Finally, blood samples were taken to measure the serum glucose level and biochemical factors including triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase using standard methods.
According to the results, administration of Melissa officinalis extract significantly reduced glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and creatine phosphokinase levels in the diabetic group (P As the findings indicated, oral and topical administrations of Melissa officinalis extract accelerated the wound healing process and may act as an cardioprotective agent.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Fabaceae) is a well-known herb that it used in traditional medicine due to pharmacological activities. Licorice in herbal medicine is used as a tonic, expectorant and demulcent factor. This plant has antioxidant, immunostimulant, anti-allergenic and anti-ulcer activities. The aim of present study was to, comparisons of effect of ethanol extracts licorice root with glibenclamide on activity of liver enzymes in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
In the present study, oral administration of licorice extract (50, 200 and 400 mg/kg per body wt.) and glibenclamide (600 µg/kg) were performed as the standard antidiabetic medicine, during 30 days. Then, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in normal and diabetic rats were evaluated. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-10 software and the ANOVA test was used.
Oral administrations of licorice extract significantly decreased activity of AST and ALT in serum of diabetic rats but not in normal rats. The licorice extract as same as glibenclamide significantly decreased activity of liver enzymes.
It is concluded that the licorice can be considered as a suitable candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterised by chronic hyperglycemia. Considering the properties antioxidant of the Chevil plant compounds, this study performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Chevil on serum glucose and lipid in diabetic male rats. In this study, 54 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups (n=9 each) and studied for 4 weeks. The groups were as follows: Control, diabetic, diabetic groups treated 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the Chevil extract, respectively and the diabetic rats treated with 150 mg/kg body weight of metformin. At the end of study, FBS, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels were measured. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Findings showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) of FBS in all groups with three doses of the extract, 26%, 59.3%, 69.4% respectively), Triglycerides (at 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively 16.1% and 34.1%), Cholesterol (800 mg/kg of the extract, 20.9%), LDL-C in all three doses of the extract, 25.9%, 49.1% and 53% respectively and a significant increase (P<0.05) in HDL-C in all three doses of the extract, 32.6%, 36.4% and 37.1% respectively compared to the control group was observed in diabetic rats treated with Chevil. The results of this study showed that Chevil extract reduces blood sugar and improves blood lipid profiles in diabetic rats.

Recently, Rosa canina L. fruithas been taken into consideration in the treatment of diseases due to not having any side-effects. In the present study, the antidiabetic effect of Rosa canina L. fruit was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, animals were divided into 6 groups (8 rats/group): healthy group, diabetic group, in which diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan (at dose of 120 mg/kg), and experimental groups, which were treated with i.p. administration of hydroethanolic extract (at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) for 14 days. Blood samples were collected from heart after 14 days. The diabetic control group was treated daily with saline. Serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c, HDL-c, urea, uric acid, creatinine, enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (AP), were measured using kit. Alloxan treatment significantly increased serum levels of glucose, LDL-c, triglyceride, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, enzymes ALT, AST, and AP and significantly decreased serum HDL-clevel in diabetic control (saline) animals compared to healthy group. Treatment with hydroethanolic extract of Rosa canina L. fruit for 14 days (in concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg), significantly decreased serum levels of glucose, LDL-c, triglyceride, total cholesterol urea, uric acid, creatinine and AP enzyme compared to the diabetic control animals, while increased serum HDL-c level compared to the diabetic control (saline)group. Hydroethanolic extract of Rosa canina fruit has antidiabetic effect on diabetic animals. Therefore, this plant is a good candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and should be given more attention in future researches.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease and refers to a group of metabolic abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia, which is characterized by defects in insulin, insulin function, or both. Rhubarb is used in traditional medicine of China for various diseases including diabetes and high blood pressure and also as a laxative. This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of rhubarb root on glucose and histopathological changes in the pancreas of diabetic rats. In this study, 24 female rats were divided into 4 groups. One group, as a control group, received normal saline. In the other three groups, after induction of diabetes, one group received normal saline, the second group received rhubarb root extract (150mg/kg), and the last group received glibenclamide (at a dose of 0.6mg/kg). Induction of diabetes was performed by alloxan at a dose of 120mg/kg, IP. After 4 weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanized and blood sampling was done. Then, biochemical parameters and blood sugar levels were measured. Pancreases were removed and after fixation and hematoxylin and eosin staining, were studied by light microscope. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The significance level was considered p<0.05. In this study, the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and weight gain significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the rats treated with rhubarb root extract, compared to the diabetic control group. Also, rhubarb root extract increased the diameter of Langerhans islets compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). According to the findings of this study, rhubarb root has hypoglycaemic effects and is effective in the treatment of diabetes.

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are found in patients with diabetes. Pyrus boissieriana Buhse leaves extract has many biological activities such as antioxidant, antilarva, antibacterial and antifungal in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Pyrus biossieriana Buhse leaves extract (PbBLE) on lipid and protein peroxidation in hyperglycemic rats. In this experimental study 120 adult male rats of Wistar strain, weighing 150 to 200g were randomized into normal control, extract control (500mg/kg), hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic+ extract (500mg/kg) groups. Each group divided into 3 subgroups (24, 48, 72h). Serum and tissues (liver, kidney, pancreas), total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl content and serum glucose measured by spectrophotometry and compared. Pretreatment with Pyrus boissieriana Buhse leaves extract exhibited a significant reduction in elevated serum glucose induced by alloxan in all subgroups. The extract increases total antioxidant after 72h. Mean of liver total antioxidant was 831±147 in alloxan+ extract group vs. 428±25 in alloxan group (p=0.045). Administration of Pyrus boissieriana Buhse leaves extract decreased serum, tissues and serum carbonyl. The results showed that Pyrus boissieriana Buhse leaves extract caused a decrease in serum glucose level, TBARS, some tissues and serum carbonyl, also it caused an increase in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels in some tissues.

Sour orange is known as an herbal plant in traditional medicine. Previous studies indicate a protective effect of citrus fruits or juices against risk of some chronic diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti- hyperglycemic effects of alcoholic extract of sour orange peel in rats with alloxan induced hyperglycemia. In this experimental study, there were 120 Wistar rats weighing 150-200 gr that were divided into 6 groups (20 rats in each group) divided into two time groups (24 and 48 h). Ethanol extract of sour orange peel was prepared. Animals were pretreated for 4 days in 2 different doses 100 and 300 mg/kg. 100 mg/kg bw alloxan injected intraperitoneally. After 24, 48 h blood sample collected and glucose (via glucose kit), serum antioxidant levels (via FRAP) and serum insulin levels (via ELISA assay) were measured and the groups were compared. Twenty four hours after alloxan injection rats who received 300 mg/kg/day showed a significant increase in total antioxidant content (p=0.000) and significant increase in glucose level after 48 hours (p=0.001). The administration of sour orange peel extract (100 and 300 mg/kg/day) decreased serum insulin level in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats at 24 and 48 hours after alloxan injection (p<0.03). This study demonstrated that treatment with sour orange peel extract not only brought a significant increase insulin concentration but also decreased the insulin level and also increased glucose concentration in alloxanized rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and one of its most important consequences is renal insufficiency. A multitude of herbs has been described for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of present study was to assess the protective effect of turnip root ethanolic extract (TREE) on early nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups including: healthy rats, normal healthy rats receiving TREE, diabetic rats and diabetic rats receiving TREE. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg; i.p). The extract (200 mg/kg) was gavaged to TREE treatment groups daily for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment; serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine were assessed. The lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in the renal tissue. Finally, the biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verification. Statistically, the quantitative data obtained, compared among the groups by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. In the diabetic rats, TREE significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of renal injury. Furthermore, TREE significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in agreement with the biochemical findings. TREE has protective effect on early diabetic nephropathy in the rats with experimentally induced diabetes.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Cornus mas (cornaceae) is one of the major medicinal plants in Asian countries that cotained high level of anthocyanins with potential to prevent hyperglycemia and obesity. In this study, we investigated antidiabetic effects of cornus mas in compared to glibenclamid as a standard drug on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two male Wistar rats (190-240 g) were divided into four groups (n = 8): group 1 nondiabetic rats, group 2 alloxan-induced diabetic rats with no treatment, group 3 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with glibenclamid (0.6 mg/kg body weight) and group 4 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with cornus mas fruit 2 g daily for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 120 (mg/kg body weight). The results indicated that treatment with cornus mas fruit orally significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels in treatment of diabetic rats compared with no treatment diabetic group. Concurrent histological studies of the pancreas demonstrated the same results. On the base of histological results, cornus mas have a significant on increasing the size of pancreatic islets than diabetic groups (P < 0.05). Our results showed that cornus mas fruit has antidiabetic effects and can improve pancreas damage caused by free radicals in diabetes. The effects of this fruit can occur due to the presence of anthocyanin and other antioxidant compounds.