آیات

Physically handicapped people, due to their disability, are naturally unable to perform some of their devotional duties. In religious teachings, based on the rule of negation of hardship and the rule of burdensome duty, the religious duties of physically-disabled individuals are legislated in proportion to the physical ability. Awareness of the disabled about this matter provides the ground for their interest and commitment to do their religious duties. Therefore, the present study, with the aim of explaining some individual and social devotional duties of the physically disabled in religious teachings, sought to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method " From the point of view of verses and hadiths, how should the disabled perform some individual and social worship duties?". According to the findings of research in verses and hadiths, at least the quality of performing four individual worship duties of the disabled, including Prayer, Hajj, duʿāʾ, and learning religious issues, and the quality of performing their four social worship duties, including Adhan, congregational prayer and congregation imamate, jihād, and martyrdom, has been spoken. The performance of these duties will bring peace of mind to the disabled, and they will be able to resist the onslaught of despair and possible depression in the light of continuous communication with God Almighty in the form of certain acts of worship and will overcome the problems caused by the disabled..

Today, due to the increase in longevity and life expectancy, a more important issue has been raised as how to live life or the quality of life, which has attracted the attention of experts and researchers in the field of aging. The present study examines the concept of quality of life in old age.

This research is qualitative in terms of method. It first analyzes the resources related to the quality of life of the elderly through meta-combination method. It was then carried out using interpretive structural modeling technique. MICMAC method was also used to cluster the dimensions of the quality of life in old age. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Based on the findings, five dimensions were identified by experts and finally the identified dimensions were classified into 5 level: at the highest level (first level) was the social interactions, which has the least influence on other factors, and at the lowest level (fifth level) was individual-internal factors that act as the cornerstone of the model. Therefore, increasing the quality of life of the elderly starts from this variable and spreads to other variables. The results of MICMAC analysis also showed that individual-internal factors have the highest influence and social interactions the most dependent.

Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that individual-internal factors and family experiences affect the quality of life of the elderly, which can ultimately increase the health of the elderly due to the influence of environmental factors. Identifying and promoting any of these dimensions can lead to an increase in the quality of life of the elderly.

There are two categories of material and spiritual causes in human health, moral virtues are one of the spiritual causes that play a major role in ensuring health and it has been mentioned in verses and hadiths explicitly or implicitly. The present study seeks the answer of the question “what is the role of moral virtues in health from the perspective of religious teachings?” by studying verses and hadiths and finding propositions that have pointed to the role of moral virtues on the body and mind. According to the research findings, at least thirteen moral virtues have explicitly or implicitly mentioned the role of moral virtues in physical and mental health. These virtues were: 1. Piety, 2. Eating less, 3. Visiting relatives, 4. Patience, 5. Overcoming anger, 6. Controlling eyes, 7. Avoiding suspicion, 8. Good behavior, 9. Trusting in God, 10. Truthfulness, 11. Gratitude, 12. Silence, 13. Contentment. Some religious propositions have spoken about the role of these virtues in physical health, others mentioned them in mental health, and some, in both physical and mental health. In general, according to religious propositions, possessing moral virtues plays three roles in physical and mental health: 1. Prevention of diseases, 2. Treatment of diseases, 3. Continuity of health.

The development of moral virtues and the elimination of vices are among the most important goals of moral education in religious teachings; therefore, the verses and narrations of the Infallibles are full of the principles and methods of moral education and one of the contemporary interpretations that has paid much attention to this important issue. It is an exemplary interpretation. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical research seeks to answer the question of what are the principles and methods of moral education in verses and hadiths based on interpretation of  Nemoneh? In this study, a total of 14 principles and 33 methods were extracted from the interpretation of the sample as the principles and methods of moral education; Grace, justice, dignity, reason, reminder, tolerance, expression or prohibition of love and precedence, and to achieve these principles, the following methods were obtained: self-indoctrination, self-imposed, insight, invitation to faith, duty-making, self-calculation , Contextualization, change of position, modeling, confrontation with the results of actions, stimulation of faith, infection, adornment of appearance, decoration of speech, exaggeration in forgiveness, repentance, evangelism, m Gift in reward, extensive assignment, warning, punishment to the extent of error, expression of ability, negligence, cultivation, teaching wisdom, good preaching, remembrance of blessings, instruction, step-by-step assignment, review of assignments, expression of love and anger, grant And prohibition and duty have been widely identified as methods of moral education.

Religious sources, such as the Holy Quran, Nahjul Balāgha, and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya play a significant role in the promotion of religious thoughts and development of health sciences. The present study aimed to determine the rate of the usage of verses and narrations (religious sources) in the compilation of studies and projects of the Environmental Health Engineering.

The present quantitative research was conducted using a researcher-made checklist to review and survey research projects of Environmental Health students of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, within 2010-2016. In addition, the abstracts of presented articles in Environmental Health conferences from 16 consecutive years were included in the current research.

A review of 2,711 sources from 121 studies showed that a total of 11(9.1%) reports used religious sources, such as the Holy Quran and Nahjul Balāgha. Out of 2,928 abstracts presented in the Environmental Health Conferences, five studies (0.1% of the total articles) were published in relation to the verses and narrations.

Although keywords and topics with regard to Environmental Health are abundant in religious sources, the compilation of scientific research articles using these sources are scarce. Therefore, it is recommended to involve interdisciplinary studies experts and hold research workshops focusing on understanding the concepts and searching techniques for Environmental Health-related topics in Islamic sources.

According to the divine worldview, the effective factors in the set of world events are two categories: material (natural) and spiritual. For the prevention and treatment of diseases and the attainment of health, just as the use of physicians and medicines for the treatment of disease and the attainment of health is essential, it is also necessary to cling to the skirt of the creator of medicine and the creator of medicine in the light of remembrance and prayer. In many Islamic teachings (verses and hadiths) the effectiveness of prayer and remembrance has been mentioned, therefore, in this research, by searching in verses and hadiths, the role of prayer and remembrance on physical and mental health has been studied. The present research is done by descriptive-analytical method and by conceptual and documentary analysis, therefore, it has been collected, compiled and explained the verses and hadiths that refer to the role of prayer and remembrance on human health. Functions of remembrance of God (dhikr) in two parts: 1) The role of dhikr in mental health, 2) The role of dhikr in the treatment of diseases was obtained and the therapeutic role of dhikr was achieved in three areas: a) treatment of obsession, b) treatment of depression, c) treatment of hypocrisy. The functions of prayer were obtained in two parts: 1) the role of prayer in the prevention of diseases, 2) the role of prayer in the treatment of diseases. The therapeutic role of prayer was achieved in four areas: a) treatment of all diseases, b) treatment of physical diseases, c) mental illnesses, d) prayers of others in the treatment of diseases. The recommendations mentioned in the verses and hadiths often refer to mental health and treatment; because having a healthy mind leads to spiritual freshness and vitality and this vitality will help equip the physical forces and cure the physical disease. But the orders to pray according to verses and hadiths are for the prevention and treatment of physical and spiritual diseases. It seems that the difference between dhikr and prayer is that, the former was limited to mental health and the latter to physical and mental health. This is because that the human beings are more engaged in prayer than dhikr, and they constantly turn to God in problems and diseases, especially when they are disappointed with material causes, and recite Her/His wholeheartedly with their tongues and souls.

The spiritual health of man as the fourth dimension of health is based on several factors that are considered by sources of Islam in the religion of Islam and Halal livelihood is one of the most important ones. In Islamic culture, for the purpose of obtaining halal livelihood remedies and avoiding haram’s provisions, advisory recommendations are given, because nutrition Clean and solvent foods can have positive effects in improving the personality and health of the human soul, as the use of unclean and haram nutrition brings bad consequences into the human psyche. The current research seeks to Using Islamic rich sources, the effects of halal livelihood treatments on human spiritual well being are analyzed Rossi’s.

The method of work in this research is based on the study of a book house based on the study of verses and narrations related to the subject Research

In rich sources of Islam, there are many verses and narratives that in addition to explaining the place and importance of halal livelihood treatments, its valuable effects on the health of human personality has been counted

It follows from the study of verses and narratives that the use of halal livelihood works brings blessed effects to human spiritual well-being, such as positive effect on personality, strengthening of religiosity, success in good deeds, heart luminosity, enjoyment of protection and affection Divine will have the privilege of prayer.

During recent decades, the development of interdisciplinary studies and research on topics in the field of science has been considered. The scholars' view of the verses of the Holy Quran, which is a modern scientific-professional interpretation, should be cautious. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the views of Shiite and Sunni commentators on determining the exact number of physical health verses in the Holy Qur'an and examining the various concepts of health in the Holy Quran.
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This review study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method that was carried out by library and citation study method. By examining the texts of the Holy Qur'anic interpretations, various themes and concepts of health underlying the Qur'an were extracted and compared in six selected Shiite and Sunni interpretations.

Combined topics of health branches in this research were the topic of healing, embryology, senses, nutrition, breastfeeding, fasting and sexual health that the verses of the Holy Quran directly refer to them. The commentators' explanations in each of the themes of the verses of health were scientific and consistent with the purpose of the verses.

Number of health verses in the Holy Quran according to Shiite and Sunni interpretations is 177 verses that in 42 health verses the explanations of Sunni commentators differ from Shiite commentators, but are not opposed.

After the spread of tobacco among Muslims, Islamic scholars have discussed its ruling; some Shiite jurists, such as Sheikh Horr Amoli, Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi etc. and many other Sunni scholars, have forbidden smoking. This study, which is done by descriptive and analytical method, shows that one of the reasons for this group of scholars is the verses of the Qur'an, which have been referred to in jurisprudential and interpretive sources. Comparing Shiite and Sunni scholars' views on these verses shows that there is a difference in how to prohibit people from smoking; because some scholars consider it as a minor sin, and some others believe that it has as the same punishment as drinking wine. Hence, they differed about the justice of the person who uses tobacco and the possibility of saying prayer as an Imam. Analyzing the Qur'anic absolute verses about the prohibition of killing others and himself, wasting the blessings of God, the ugliness of lavishness, using of evil things, etc. can be used for prohibiting on tobacco use.

The welfare of physically-disabled individuals has been paid attention to by God and pointed out in Quran verses. Quranic instructions have come up with some principles to provide suitable situation for their welfare. To reach this, others' duties like their family members and governmental organizations can be inferred in Quran verses; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the welfare for physically-disabled individuals from the perspective of Quran. In this review with the conceptual analysis and document analysis type, the verses concerning the welfare of physically-disabled individuals were first extracted; then, verses were categorized according to the objectives of the study, and the influence of Quran verses on the welfare of physically-disabled individuals was analyzed.

Quranic verses paid close attention to physically-disabled individuals' social, materialistic, physical, mental, and spiritual welfare. Considering disability as a divine test leads to mental welfare of the physically-disabled individuals, and elimination of the need for Jihad leads to their physical welfare. Also, the presence of the physically-disabled individuals in the society is considered the solution given by God for their social welfare and financial support is a sign of Gods' attention to their materialistic needs. Respecting and honoring the physically-disabled individuals is also a sign of attention given by Quranic verses to their psychological welfare.