استخدام

Given the significant migration of educated individuals, particularly epidemiologists, throughout the country, it is crucial to investigate the underlying causes. This article presents the findings of an extensive study that sought to explore this issue by gathering insights from experts in the field.

The study was conducted using qualitative methods, employing content analysis. Data were collected between summer and autumn 2023 through semi-structured interviews with 32 epidemiologists in the country. Analysis followed the steps outlined by Lundman and Graneheim, with coding facilitated by MAXQDA software.

The main challenges of epidemiology in Iran were divided into six main categories. In the field of graduate students, problems in recruitment and employment due to the lack of suitable careers, infrastructure and structural problems of the system, research problems and insufficient knowledge about the performance of this field are the most important challenges, and in the field of students, education problems, structural and infrastructure problems were reported. Also, the main reasons for the migration of epidemiologists were the lack of meritocracy and specialization, inappropriate privileges (including the application of unconventional recruitment quotas), lack of a job market and opportunities for graduates, and inadequate compensation and benefits.

Based on the results of this study, it seems that the migration of epidemiologists as a valuable human resource abroad is a serious concern and problem. The lack of a suitable job position and ambiguity in the path to career advancement due to non-adherence to the meritocracy and skill-building system have increased the motivation to migrate in this group.

Today''s management is aware of the fact that even with the implementation of total quality management and reengineering¡ organizations will not be able to systematically satisfy the conflicting goals. Comprehensive productivity management philosophy not only consists of management principles by objectives¡ total quality management and reengineering¡ but relies on the most important and most fundamental goal of societies¡ such as improving the material and spiritual welfare.
Therefore¡ the goal of productivity improvements is to maximize the use of manpower resources and facilities to the scientific methods¡ reduce production costs¡ expand markets¡ increase job opportunities¡ increase salaries as well as to improve the living standards for the benefit of employees¡ managers¡ and consumers. Finally improving productivity results in increasing employment opportunities.

Genetic issues are one of the most important challenges of human life and medical science. Nowadays despite developments in genetics this issue، still، is exposed to wide legal challenges which should be investigated in legal system framework of every country from different aspects. Two of these important challenges in this field are related issues to insurance and employment. Since genetic information has been changed to a pretext for insurance companies and employers who see themselves as beneficiary to receive exorbitant insurance costs and not recruit individuals in different job opportunities. The advent of such problems has made legislators to impose some regulations to interfere such problems. It should be noted that genetic information involves not only disease but also all human abilities. Hence such information should be kept confidentially; otherwise it will bear unsuitable consequences.

All managers want to improve their organization 's efficiency. The purpose of this paper In addition to the asses the efficiency of Hospital during the time, is trying to answer to this question that, is the recruitment of new personnel able to increase hospital efficiency? In this sectional study, the relative efficiency of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak during the thirty-one months Since April 2011 to November 2013 (16 months before and 15 months after the recruitment) by input-oriented DEA method with five inputs and five outputs and with considering each month as a decision making unit, was calculated by DEAP 2.1 software. Then, the efficiency scores during the two stages, once for sixteen months, and once for a total of thirty one month separately by Mann - Kendall test via Minitab 16 software was analyzed and the most important event in the hospital during the study period, was asked from hospital authorities. Most inputs and outputs of hospital have increased. The efficiency of the last eight months was equal to one. In addition, the efficiency of eleventh month was lower. The value of zs for first sixteen months and for a total of thirty-one months -0.55769 and 2.05318, respectively calculated. Trend analysis of the efficiency Scores showed that simultaneously with the recruitment of new personnel without reports of other influential factors, Hospital efficiency has significantly improved.

One of the main missions of universities is to train skillful manpower for the society. The higher education institutions try to find out what their graduates will face in the society and if they have a chance to use their specialty. This research was performed to determine the job future of the graduates in Semnan. In a cross-sectional study, all nursing graduates (B.S.) who had been graduated during 1992-1999 were studied (N=174). 93 persons participated in the survey by completing a questionnaire containing 10 questions. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Frequency distribution, standard deviation and the mean of all questions were calculated and also Chi2 test was used. 60.22% of the participants were female. 30.12% of them were hired as permanent employees. Most of them worked at the hospitals and 43.1% were employed in non-nursing positions. Only 17.2% were employed within less than 6 months and the rest were unemployed in a period of 6 months to 3 years after graduation. Also, 17.2% were unemployed at the time of this study. Most of them (60.21%) had not entered postgraduate studies and 2.61% had continued their studies for non-nursing majors. 6.45% had changed their major of study and also their jobs. 80.64% of the participants did not have any contacts with their schools. And only 17.2% were employed in hospitals affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences. Chi2 – test showed a significant relationship between gender and the period of unemployment. The results revealed the long period of unemployment of nursing graduates, the undetermined hiring situation and employment in fields other than nursing. It is recommended to consider society's needs and student's interests at the time of admission to the university and take some measures concerning employment problems.