امیددرمانی

Background & Aims:

 Breast cancer is one of the common diseases in women that endangers their physical and mental health. Rumination is one of the psychological problems in these women. The present study aims to determine the effect of an educational program based on hope therapy on the rumination of women with breast cancer.

This is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consist of all women with breast cancer referred to the chemotherapy departments of hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The sampling was done using a continuous method. Then, the samples were divided into intervention (n=50) and control (n=50) groups randomly by lottery method. The intervention was conducted at eight group sessions, twice a week. The data collection tools were a demographic form and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). The data were analyzed in SPSS software, verion 16.

The mean score of rumination before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.29). After the intervention, the difference between the two groups was significant (P=0.0001). The paired t-test results showed a significant difference in the mean score of rumination before and after the intervention in the intervention group (P=0.003), but there was no significant difference in the control group (P=0.89).

 Education based on hope therapy can positively affect the rumination of women with breast cancer. By an hope therapy-based intervention, the disturbing thoughts, which are mostly related to disease and despair, can be reduced in women with breast cancer experiencing rumination.

 Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important chronic diseases with many psychological effects such as extreme fatigue, anxiety and depression, which reduce the quality of life of the patients. In the meantime, it is important to pay attention to the role of hope. Hope is a positive psychological construct that protects people in the face of adversities. Given the importance of hope, Snyder developed the hope construct and its questionnaire. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a hope therapy program based on Islamic teachings and the achievements of classical psychology.

 The research method used in the present study was text-based and content analysis. To this end, the content related to the theory of hope in psychology and Islamic teachings was collected and analyzed. Based on the results of content analysis, the Hope construct consisted of seven components of knowing the purpose of life and having a tendency toward it, setting goals, motivation and self-motivational skills, trust, thoughtfulness, effort and the skill of coping with the obstacles. Then, the Islamic Hope Therapy package was designed for patients with heart diseases and its content validity was evaluated. After gathering the experts' opinion, the Hope Therapy Program was formulated with the final Islamic approach. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

 The findings of the present study showed that the Islamic Hope Therapy program for patients with heart diseases consisted of eight ninety-minute sessions, which involved 1) establishing a therapeutic relationship and presenting goals and rationale behind the treatment, 2) becoming familiar with the purpose and meaning of life in Islam and strengthening its Attitude and role in hope, 3) Teaching goal-setting skills in line with the Main goals of life and setting meaningful, transparent, and logical goals, 4) explaining motivation and its importance, strengthening one's self-awareness of motivations, 5) spiritual motivation skills, 6) Planning and choosing the right path, enhancing creativity and planning skills, 7) the skill of encountering the obstacles and flexibility skills, 8) increasing the remembrance of God and having trust in Him and drawing conclusions.

 Hope Therapy with Islamic approach has positive spiritual and psychological dimensions and is different from the Classic Hope Therapy.

: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hope therapy and cognitive psychotherapy on depression in adolescent female students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all first and second year female high school students in Khorramabad in the academic year 1397-1396, 18875 people. A total of 90 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups of 45 people. The first experimental group underwent 8 90-minute sessions of hope therapy and the second experimental group underwent 10 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. In the pre-test and post-test stages, the groups answered Beck Depression Inventory (1961) to measure the level of depression in the subjects and the data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that both hope therapy and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy reduced adolescent depression (P <0.05). Hope therapy was more effective in reducing depression compared to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (P <0.05).
Considering the effectiveness of both hope therapy and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in reducing adolescent depression, counselors, therapists and clinical psychologists can use both methods, especially hope therapy to reduce adolescent depression.

A highly prevalent problem in patients with type 2 diabetes is depression; it can directly affect patients’ biologically derived substances, e.g., fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. Depressive symptoms significantly impact self–care and wellbeing. Multiple demographic, socioeconomic, and social support factors can facilitate self–care activities in diabetic patients; however, a health psychologist’s role in promoting self–care is vital. Psychological interventions, such as Hope Therapy (HT) and Spiritual Therapy (ST) might be effective in managing biological variables, depression, and quality of life in patients with diabetes. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of HT and ST on depression, self–care, and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This was a quasi–experimental study with pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population included all middle–aged women with type 2 diabetes referring to Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. In total, 45 eligible volunteers were selected by the convenience sampling method. They completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al., 1961) before and after the interventions. Individuals with a depression score of >11 were randomly assigned into 3 research groups (n=15/group). The inclusion criteria of the study included having a minimum literacy to complete the questionnaires, providing an informed consent form, willingness to participate in the study, obtaining a minimum depression score of 11, and being in the 45–60 years age range. The exclusion criteria of the study included receiving psychological therapies during the study, severe physical illnesses due to diabetes, such as kidney failure, vision, etc., consuming psychiatric drugs during the study, increasing the dose of related drugs due to diabetes, and the patient's unwillingness to continue treatment. The experimental groups received HT according to Snyder’s treatment protocol (2002) in 8 weekly sessions and ST according to Richards et al.’s treatment protocol (2007) in 8 weekly sessions; however, the controls received no intervention. The necessary data were collected using the BDI, the Self–Care Questionnaire ‎(Tobert et al., 2000), ‎and the HbA1c blood test. Pretest and posttest steps were performed in all research groups. A month after the posttest, all measures were repeated (follow–up). Descriptive statistics, such as mean and SD were used to describe the obtained data. The collected data were analyzed using repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni posthoc test in SPSS at the significance level of 0.05.

The present study data indicated that HT and ST reduced depression (p<0.001) and HbA1c (p=0.024), and enhanced self–care (p<0.001). The mean score of depression (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), and self–care (p<0.001) significantly reduced over time. The significant time*groups interaction effect was observed for depression (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), and self–care (p<0.001) in the experimental groups, compared to the controls. Bonferroni posthoc test data revealed a significant difference between the intervention groups and the controls concerning depression (p<0.001 & p<0.001, respectively), HbA1c (p=0.046 & p=0.034, respectively), and self–care (p<0.001 & p<0.001, respectively); however, there was a significant difference between HT and ST in depression (p=0.038). There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest phases and the follow–up phase respecting depression (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), and self–care (p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between posttest and follow–up phases for depression (p=1.000), HbA1c (p=0.974), and self–care (p=0.143), highlighting the positive and persisting (until follow–up) effects of HT and ST.

Based on the current research findings, HT and ST reduced depression and HbA1c, and increased self–care among the explored middle–aged women with type 2 diabetes; however, there was a significant difference between the effects of HT and ST concerning depression where ST was more effective than HT.

Self-care is at the core of treating chronic diseases. It seems that applying self-care methods to improve this method of treatment in patients with diabetes is an effective strategy in promoting health in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hope therapy on self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This semi-experimental research was carried out based on a pretest and posttest design on 40 patients with diabetes referred to health centers affiliated with Sirjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services from 2017 to 2018. A purposeful sampling was used, and the participants were randomly assigned to one of the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received Hope Therapy, based on the hope theory of Schneider, Herth, and Ruston and based on a selection of Molana poems focusing on hope and optimism issues. The Data were collected before, immediately and three months after the intervention using the Self-Care Questionnaire SDSCA. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data in the SPSS software, with the significance level set at 0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of self-care after hope therapy. In addition, hope therapy significantly increased self-care (P <0.001, F = 24.735) in patients with type 2 diabetes in the intervention group.

The results showed that hope therapy increased self-care. Therefore, it is important to consider hope therapy intervention in making plans for improving self-care in diabetic patients.

 Hope has a significant role in coping with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. It seems that the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes is one of the strategies for health promotion in these patients.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hope-based therapy in psychological capital among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.  This semi-experimental research was carried out on 40 patients with diabetes referring to the healthcare centers affiliated to Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran, and Health Services in 2018-2019, using a pretest-posttest design. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of hope therapy. The intervention was based on the theory of hope proposed by Senyder, Herth, and Ruston and a selection of Molana poems focusing on hope and positivism issues. The data were collected in three stages namely, before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention, using the psychological capital Questionnaire developed by Luthans et al. data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.  The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the psychological capital and its components (P>0.05). In addition, the effect of intervention was stable in the intervention group. Hope therapy led to the improvement of psychological capital and its components (i.e., hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy). Therefore, it is essential to consider hope therapy interventions when planning for the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of death due to cancer among Iranian women. It seems that a strong sense of purpose in the lives of patients with breast cancer Azmna decreasing the disappointment in their lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of of integratibve approach logotherapy and hope therapy on the level of Cortisol and Death Anxiety in the Women with Breast Cancer was Khorramabad. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with breast cancer referring to health centers in Khorramabad city in 1397.
ترجمه بیشتر
The method of sampling in this study would be that among all women with breast cancer who have cases in the health centers of Khorramabad city and according to the entry and exit criteria, 30 persons were selected randomly. They will then be randomly assigned to both the experimental and control groups (each group of 15). Then, according to identical and simultaneous conditions, a pre-test was conducted in the form of a questionnaire of BodyImage fear and Social Adjustment of both groups. Certified. Then, the intervention was combined with a combination of therapies and meditation for 8 years A 90-minute session was conducted on the experimental group but the witness group did not receive any intervention. Upon completion of group therapy sessions The integratibve approach logotherapy and hope therapy of rehabilitation was taken from both the post-test group. The results showed that integratibve approach logotherapy and hope therapy treatment interventions in reducing BodyImage fear and promotion of Social Adjustment have had significant effect (p< 0/001).    Regarding this study, it can be concluded that the training of the integratibve approach logotherapy and hope therapy has had a significant effect on reducing BodyImage fear and promotion of Social Adjustment.  So recommended treatments such as these should be used to promote mental health.

Signs of mental health of the elderly is the most important signs of hope present study investigated the effect of therapy on mental health of the elderly in Tabriz.

This semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group. The sample consisted of 30 elderly people in Tabriz. Of these, 15 patients for the experimental group and 15 for the control group were selected randomly. Hoping treated during the 12-minute sessions, each week a meeting was arranged. After the sessions after the test was conducted on two experimental and control groups.

The results of covariance analysis between mean scores of post-test experimental and control groups there was a significant difference.

The treatment increases the mental health and hope. Thus, it is to improve the quality of life for the elderly, educational services and programs such as promoting good hope through problem-based learning with active participation of people in the process of discussion with systematic planning.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Hope therapy on Enhancement of Happiness and Quality of life in Elderly Women in tasooj. The study was a quasi-experimental research and conducted through the pre-test, post-test with control group .The participants of this study were 30 elderly women that were selected by voluntary sampling method and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. Exprimental group, were trained for hope group intervention for 8 session of 90 minutes and 2 timed weekly. The data collected through oxford happiness questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Research data were analyzed by SPSS software and Analysis of Covariance. The results indicated that hope therapy is effective in promotion of happiness and quality of life in Elderly Women. Overal results indicate that hope therapy increases the happiness and quality of life of elderly women. based on the results of the present study, hope intervention can be used for improvement of happiness and quality of life in Elderly Women

Hope therapy as a positive psychological intervention can be reduce the psychological problems in addicted people. Therefore, the goal of present research was investigated the effectiveness of Hope Group Therapy on Quality of life and Resiliency in Addicted Women.
This research was utilized by semi-experimental with pre - posttest, experimental and control group. Thirty participants were selected among addicted women who refer to rehabilitation camp of Varavard town, small town in Tehran province. They were selected from who gained the lower scores in quality of life and resiliency, and were divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Data were gathered by use of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) and Connor & Davidson-Resiliency questionnaires. The analysis of data was done by use of SPSS-20 software and analysis of covariance.
The findings of research indicated that the scores mean of quality of life (F=54/42, P The results indicated that hope group therapy training could be improve the quality of life and resiliency in addicted women. In addition, this therapy could be enforcing addicted people to achieve the positive self-concept and growing their positive mental potential ability. It seems that this intervention is good options for therapy that mental health professionals could be use this in their therapy with addicted women.

The aim of present study was to investigation the effectiveness of hope therapy base on groups to increase the components of Self-esteem and Psychological health in depressed people. The method of this study was semi-experimental with pretest -posttest design with control group. The sample consisted of 40 female high school students in Khorramabad city. Initially the Beck Depression Inventory was used randomly for 730 students. Then 40 subjects from population who were in abnormal level, according to criteria of clinical cut of point, (one standard deviation above the mean) were selected and structured clinical interview was administrated. Of these, 20 subjects were selected randomly for experimental group and 20 of them to the control group. The Hope Therapy administrated 8 sessions that each session lasted 90 minutes; every week, one session. After completing sessions, post-test was administrated on experimental and control groups. Based on the results of the analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference between the mean score in the posttest of experimental group and control group. (p<0.001). Hope therapy base on group therapy lead to increase the self- esteem and psychological health. So, it is appropriate to improve the life quality of depressed people, providing of educational services and hope promoting programs be accomplished with appropriate methods, such as learning base on problem solving with active engagement of peoples in discussions with a processed program.

the presence of mentally retarded child in the family causes various psychological problems in the parents. Among the variables affected by the presence of disabled child in the family are hope، life quality and psychological well-being. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hope therapy on the improvement of life quality، hope and psychological well-being in mothers of mentally retarded children. it was semi-experimental، with pretest، posttest، and control group format because of available sampling. The statistical population included all the mothers of mentally retarded children in Isfahan. In order to do the study 60 mothers of mentally retarded children were selected through available sampling. Therefore the criterion to enter the study was having a mentally retarded child and readiness to take part in the research and the criterion to exit was having a child with a disorder or other inabilities. The experimental groups participated in 8 ninety-minute sessions of hope therapy; however، the control group didn''t receive any intervention while administering the test. The applied instruments were the questionnaires of hope، psychological well-being and life satisfaction. the results showed that teaching hope therapy has led to significant difference in the mean of experimental group scores in all three variables of life quality، hope and psychological well-being (p<0. 01). hope-based therapy could improve the hope، psychological well-being and life quality in the parents of mentally retarded children due to focusing on the major problem and attending solely on the concept of hope. Therefore، through utilizing this therapeutic approach is recommended to solve the families'' psychological dilemmas.