بابونه

Studies have shown that changes in the expression level of some genes play a role in the development of cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the expression of apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2 in MCF-7 cell line after treatment with selenium nanoparticles containing chamomile extract.

This study is a practical and experimental intervention. One- way analysis (ANOVA) and t-test was used for statistical analysis. After synthesizing selenium nanoparticles with Anthemis atropatana extract, the correctness of the synthesis was confirmed by SEM, TEM and EDX. To perform MTT and calculate the IC50, the cells (cancer cell line) MCF-7 and (healthy cell line) MCF-10 were treated with selenium nanoparticles for 24 hours. Finally, the changes in Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression were examined.

The results of checking the accuracy of the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical and had a diameter of 33.40 nm. The IC50 concentration was 6 µg/ ml. The results of real- time PCR showed that after 24-hour treatment with the IC50 concentration of selenium nanoparticles, the expression of apoptotic gene Bax increased significantly by 2.69 ± 0.31-fold (P-value < 0.001) and the expression of anti- apoptotic gene Bcl-2 decreased significantly by 0.21 ± 0.17-fold (P-value < 0.001).

Selenium nanoparticles containing chamomile extract modulated gene expression in a manner that promotes apoptosis, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents.

In general, infertility in a couple is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular intercourse, considering timing, technique, and without the use of contraceptive methods. This condition affects 10%-15% of couples, and endometrial thickness is one of the factors affecting fertility. The present study aimed to assess the effects of fennel and chamomile on endometrial thickness and menstrual cycles.

The current study employed a quasi-experimental design with parallel group allocation. Married women presenting with infertility and menstrual irregularities were recruited with informed written consent and randomly assigned to either herbal extract or placebo groups. Initially, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, and their menstrual cycles were assessed, with endometrial thickness measured via ultrasound. Participants were then randomly provided with a bottle containing either 120 mg of fennel extract and 1000 mg of chamomile extract, or a placebo. After 12 weeks, endometrial thickness and menstrual cycle parameters were re-evaluated using ultrasound. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26). In order to compare normally distributed quantitative variables across groups, the Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test were employed, while the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test were utilized for before-and-after comparisons. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all tests."

In the present study, there was no statistically significant difference in age between the intervention and placebo groups. After the intervention, menstrual cycle duration (19.97 vs. 47.88), frequency (44.59 vs. 21.72), and amount of bleeding (39.65 vs. 26.97), as well as endometrial thickness (8.970±0.986 vs. 4.750±0.977) demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the intervention and placebo groups (P=0.0001). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention groups before and after the intervention.

Based on the research findings, the 12-week use of the combined medication of chamomile and fennel resulted in the regularization of menstrual cycles and an increase in endometrial thickness.

Accelerating the wound healing process is of paramount importance. Cutaneous wounds are associated with cellular damage and can impair the physiological function of the skin. Wound healing is a multifaceted process that involves cells, cytokines, and the vascular system. This process occurs in distinct phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling of the skin's structure and architecture. The utilization of plant-derived products in wound healing has garnered significant interest among researchers due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. In Persian traditional medicine, there is evidence supporting the topical application of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), Echinacea purpurea, and Calendula officinalis individually; however, the synergistic effects of these two products on wound healing remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of chamomile cream and Calendite-E cream, a combination of marigold and Echinacea, on the healing process of surgical wounds.

32 male rats were divided into four groups of 8: control, Kamil Cream, Calendit E, and Oserin. Wound area and histopathological findings were examined and compared on days 0, 3, 7, 21, and 7 and 21, respectively. Among the many properties of Matricaria chamomilla L in Persian traditional medicine, its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties are confirmed. 32 male rats were divided into four groups (8 rats in each group) including the control, chamomilla cream containing 0.5% essential oil, and 5% chamomile extract, calendar-E and control were divided with Oserin base cream. The wound area was compared on days 0, 3, 7, and 21, and histopathological findings on 7 and 21 days, respectively.

There was no difference between the groups on the wound area on the third day, but on the 7th day, there was a significant difference (P=0.020). So the average wound area in the Calendit E group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.008) and also compared to the Oserin group (P=0.019). Unlike other groups, wound healing was completely achieved on the 21st day in Calandit E and Kamil Cearm. In terms of histopathological indicators, on the seventh day, in the Kamil cream group, the restoration of the epithelial cells was better than the other groups (P=0.038) on the 21st day, in terms of regeneration of the lining cells and the process of fibroplasia of the Calendit-E group, and in terms of the extent of the fibrotic reaction, the amount of edema and swelling, and the assessment of both Calendit-E and Kamil cream bleeding, it had a significant effect (P<0.05).

Calendite E and chamomilla Cream had positive effects on wound healing factors, and due to its availability and cheapness, it is recommended as an herbal product without complications, a suitable product for wound healing.

Herbal medicine, which bears fewer adverse effects than chemical medications, is becoming more popular for the treatment of diabetes. After measuring the antioxidant properties, the inhibition pattern between the extracts and the pancreatic α-amylase enzyme was determined. Diabetic mice were treated with herbal extracts and acarbose. The blood biochemical factors were then measured. The best extract examined the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The extracts of saffron and chamomile petals showed an inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme with a competitive and mixed pattern, respectively. FBS had a significant decrease in all treatment groups, and only in the group treated with an ultrasound-assisted aqueous extract of saffron petals did insulin levels increase significantly. The ALT enzyme decreased significantly in the presence of saffron extract. The reduction of the AST factor is significant only in chamomile extract. The results showed that for optimal synthesis of silver nanoparticles, values of temperature, pH, time, and silver nitrate salt concentration were 55°C, pH = 10, 4 hours, and 1.2 mM, respectively. The plant extracts studies can efficiently lower the blood sugar levels, increase insulin production, and regulate liver enzymes in the blood. As a result, they have a good impact on diabetes treatment. These extracts outperform the chemical medication acarbose in terms of efficacy and have no negative effects on the liver. The saffron extract demonstrates the ability to synthesize Ag-NP, which is frequently employed in biomedical applications.

Oral hygiene is integral part of nursing attention in the intensive care unit.The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of chlorhexidine and chamomile mouthwash on the incidence of oral lesions in patients admitted to ICU of Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad.

This research is double-blind clinical trial.In this research,70newly hospitalized patients with Intoye were examined in the ICUdepartment of Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad in2015.The patients were divided into two groups of35people by lottery.In the first group,chlorhexidine mouthwash and in the second group,chamomile was used mouthwash.Mouth evaluation was done for4days.Data collection was done using demographic information,mouth score evaluation was done with MPS tool.The data was analyzed using SPSS16software.

The results showed that chamomile and chlorhexidine mouthwash is effective on oral lesions. On the first day,there was no significant difference in terms of oral lesions in the two groups(p<0.05),but the second and third days,the difference between the chlorhexidine and chamomile groups in terms of The incidence of oral lesions was significant(p<0.05).On the fourth day,there was no significant difference in the amount of gum and oral mucosa disorders in the two groups(p<0.05).The amount of oral lesions on the fourth day in both groups was It decreased significantly and oral lesions changed from moderate to mild.

Chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine are effective in improving and controlling oral lesions and dental plaque.Although chlorhexidine has faster effect on improving oral mucosa and gum disorders,chamomile has same effect as chlorhexidine in long run.Therefore,according to the benefits of herbal mouthwash,its use can be recommended as alternativ.

Pregnant women usually prefer medicinal plants over chemical drugs due to physical and mental problems. The use of chamomile plants to control problems during pregnancy and childbirth has been studied in many studies, and the present study has investigated the results of these studies as a review study.

This study, which was conducted as a narrative review, examined all the articles that were the result of clinical trials in Farsi and English from 2010 to 2024.

Finally, 14 articles were examined in this study. There were studies related to the role of chamomile on pregnancy nausea and vomiting, pain and anxiety during childbirth, sleep quality of pregnant women, labor contractions, postpartum bleeding, pain and episiotomy wound healing.

To some extent, the reviewed studies support chamomile's positive role in improving some disorders during pregnancy and childbirth. No special complications of this plant were observed in the studies. Thus, considering the cheapness and availability of this plant and our society's interest in using traditional Iranian herbal medicines, herbal medicines may be used as a complementary treatment along with common medications. More extensive studies in this field are required.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders, whose symptoms usually begin immediately after the first menstrual period. Previous studies found a significant relationship between dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chamomile on dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

This clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome based on Rotterdam criteria referring to a clinic in Mashhad. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received two 500 mg chamomile capsules per day and the second group received two placebo capsules per day for three months. The response to treatment in premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and oligomenorrhea was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale and DSM-IV premenstrual syndrome diagnosis questionnaire.

The mean age of the patients in the intervention group was 25.43±5.58 and in the placebo group was 28.06±5.71 years. The rate of improvement in women with premenstrual syndrome (16.6%), dysmenorrhea (50%) and oligomenorrhea (26.7%) was higher in chamomile group compared to placebo. There was no statistically significant difference in body mass index between the chamomile group (25.17±4.95) and the control group (25.57±6.7).

Based on the results of this study, chamomile improved the symptoms of oligomenorrhea in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and showed positive effects on dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, chamomile can be used as a simple, low-cost therapy in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

In March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared 2019 coronavirus disease as a pandemic. MERS-CoV and influenza can be a valuable resource in the development of therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile) is usually useful due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties and is listed in the pharmacopoeia of 26 countries as a herbal medicine for the treatment of various disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of chamomile to reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from Covid-19 volunteers (n = 3) and treated with concentrations of 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/ml ethanolic extract extracted from chamomile aerial parts. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production levels were measured using ELISA method. Chamomile ethanolic extract (all concentrations) significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in peripheral blood cell cultures of covid-19 patients compared to the untreated group (p<0.0001). The results of the present study showed for the first time that chamomile can exert its anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which can be attributed to the compounds of this plant with anti-inflammatory properties. As a potential alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, this plant needs further investigation.

Anxiety is one of the most important symptoms after orthopedic surgery which can have various side effects and negatively affect the process of recovery after surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of Melissa Officinalis tea and Matricaria Chamomilla tea on anxiety of patients after lower limb orthopedic surgery.

This was a randomized controlled trial which was conducted on 96 patients after lower-limb orthopedic surgery in Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Patients were selected with convenience sampling method and allocated to either Melissa Officinalis, Chamomile or control group. For Melissa Officinalis group, 1g of Melissa tea, for Chamomile group 1g chamomile tea and for control group black tea was prescribed 3 times a day. Anxiety of participants was evaluated before start of interventions and after each step of interventions using Spielberger’s state anxiety inventory. The mean score of anxiety before interventions and the mean changes of anxiety score after each step of interventions compared between groups. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software.

the results of Tukey’s post-hoc test showed that after the second step of interventions till the last step, the mean change of anxiety score in Melissa Officinalis and Chamomile group was significantly greater than in the control group (P<0.05).   

The results of this study show that prescription of Melissa Officinalis and Chamomile tea is effective in reducing anxiety of patients after lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Chamomile and saffron seems to significantly decrease the level of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and reduce the likelihood of caries. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of chamomile and saffron infusion consumption on the pH of saliva.

In this clinical trial study, samples were collected for salivary pH from 30 healthy male dental students over 20 to 30 years. In this method, each volunteer was asked to trickle unstimulated saliva into the test tubes through their lower lip within 3 min and every 60 s (in a seated position) before consuming chamomile or saffron (10-12 AM) infusion. After 30 min the samples were recollected 1, 5, and 10 min after ingestion of 150 ml chamomile or saffron without any sweetener in separate tubes (for each volunteer, test tubes were numbered 1 to 4) and it was transferred to the laboratory to evaluate salivary pH. The amount of salivary pH was measured by a digital pH meter in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 21) by T-test, ANOVA, and repeated measurements.

The mean salivary pH was significantly different before chamomile consumption (7.26±0.55) and after that (7.71±0.33) (P=0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the mean salivary pH before saffron consumption (7.54±0.33) and after that (7.87±0.16) (P=0.0001). The mean salivary pH was significantly higher after saffron consumption than that after chamomile consumption (P=0.02).

Chamomile and saffron consumption significantly increase the salivary pH and saffron has a greater effect on the salivary pH than chamomile.

Post-market surveillance (PMS) is an integral part of ongoing safety evaluation, for natural health products. Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme) are the most widely used plants in herbal medicinal products. Thymus species contain phenolic compounds such as thymol, carvacrol and terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins. T. vulgaris is an antiseptic and antitussive, so it is very effective in treating dry coughs, colds, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) products containing apigenin-7-glycoside, some flavonoids and chamazulene in its essential oil that have anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial therapeutic properties.

In this study, various dosage forms containing thyme (8 products) and chamomile (9 products) separately, (which are available in the form of drops, syrups, ointments, and creams) were provided. Then, physicochemical controls were performed based on the reference methods of herbal pharmacopeias and in-house validated methods to ensure quality and stability of these products.

Since many of these products have no special monograph in pharmacopeias, so validated extraction and analysis methods were developed to quantify the apigenin-7-glycoside by high performance liquid chromatography, and chamazulene by gas chromatography in the chamomile products and thymol and carvacrol by gas chromatography in thyme products in different complex dosage forms.

In some products that formulated by thyme and chamomile products, the amount reported for standardization does not match the values obtained.

It’s recommended more control of herbal medicines for appropriate and effective consumption of them.

Nausea is a side effect of some diagnostic techniques, one of which is diagnostic-therapeutic endoscopy. This complication occurs after the procedure and is annoying for the patient. Chamomile is a herb with anti-nausea properties in traditional medicine. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of chamomile inhalation on nausea after endoscopy.

This study is a single-blind randomized trial with a population of 160 participants in two intervention and control groups, sampled in June 2017 at Vasei Sabzevar Hospital. After examining inclusion and exclusion criteria, the informed consent form and demographic information were completed by the patient, and then aromatherapy was performed for 20 minutes before endoscopy. Immediately after the endoscopy, nausea was measured using the VAS scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software and Chi-2, Fisher, Kolmogrof-Smirnov and t-test statistical tests.

Most of the participants in this study were women, unemployed, and urban residents. The average age of the entire population was 42.10. The average score of nausea after endoscopy was 5.27±2.22 in the intervention group and 5.93±2.31 in the control group, which did not have a statistically significant difference (p=0.67).

The results of this study showed that inhalation of chamomile essential oil is not effective in reducing nausea after endoscopy.

Numerous studies have shown the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-spasm, analgesic and wound healing effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomile). In this study, the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of chamomile on the vital activity of cultured leukocytes of patients with covid-19 was investigated.
After preparation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of chamomile, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with covid-19 with doses of 200, 300, 400 and 500 micrograms/ml of ethanolic extract of chamomile and doses of 400, 500, 600 and 700 µg/ml chamomile aqueous extract were treated. After 24 hours, the vital activity of PBMCs was measured by MTT method. To analyze the findings, one-way analysis of variance was used in SPSS software version 24. P<0.05 was considered significant.
In the current research, chamomile ethanol extract in doses of 500 micrograms/ml and aqueous extract in doses of 600 and 700 micrograms/ml led to a significant decrease in the vital activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to the control group.
Aqueous and ethanol extracts of chamomile significantly decrease the vital activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells; This decrease in vital activity is dose-dependent, and with increasing dose, a decrease in vital activity is observed.

The use of methods with minimal complications and risk is of utmost importance in the promotion of oral hygiene in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of patients under ventilator in the intensive care unit.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 eligible patients who were selected via available sampling method from among trauma patients in the ICU of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Birjand. They were assigned to two groups of chamomile extract 10% (n=25) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (n=25) by block randomization. In each group, the solution was used three times a day every 8 hours for 5 days. The instruments were the Backas Assessment Checklist (BOAS) and the Mucosal Plate (MPS).

In both groups, the mean total score of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque significantly decreased 2 and 5 days after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention (P<0.001); nonetheless, the two groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean changes in the total scores of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque at different times in the two groups (P>0.05).

Chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash have similar beneficial effects on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of ventilated patients admitted to the ICU.

In recent years, the use of medicinal plants has increased due to their lower side effects and costs compared to chemical drugs and patientschr('39') adaptation to these drugs. This study was performed to investigate the antibacterial effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of four native medicinal plants of Gilan province against the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae.

In this study, plant species were collected from different areas of Gilan province and extraction was performed. The antibacterial effect of the extracts was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Then, using microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration of bacterial growth was determined.

The results showed that chamomile alcoholic extract with the maximum average halo diameter of 14 mm showed the best effect against K. pneumoniae. The bacterium showed resistance against the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fleawort. Also, the ethanolic extracts of nettle and chamomile plants had the best antibacterial effect at 0.39 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration of aqueous extract of fleawort plant against Klebsiella pneumoniae was 12.5 mg/ml which was lower than other types of extracts. According to the results, these extracts can be used as antibacterial products in the pharmaceutical and food industries and in the treatment of infection symptoms.

Exercise is effective in lowering serum glucose and lipids in diabetic patients. The Matricaria chamomilla L. flower’s extract (MFE) reduces serum lipids. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the concomitant effects of aerobic exercise and MFE in reducing serum lipid levels in male diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats (200±20gr) were divided into 4 groups (n=6) randomly: control (diabetic without treatment and training), MFE (diabetic treated with MFE), aerobic training (diabetic and training), and MFE + aerobic training (diabetic treated with MFE + aerobic training). The aerobic training was scheduled as jogging on a treadmill for 12 weeks (5 days per week, 60 min/ day, 26 meters/min.). The diabetic rats received streptozotocin (65mg/kg,ip).

The serum cholesterol level increased significantly compared with MFE, aerobic training, and MFE + aerobic training groups (P<0.001). The triglyceride serum level of MFE, aerobic training and concomitant MFE and aerobic training groups decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). LDL in MFE, aerobic training, and concomitant MFE + aerobic training groups decreased significantly compared with control group (P<0.001). HDL serum level in MFE, aerobic training, and concomitant MFE + aerobic training groups increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). 

The concomitant use of MFE + aerobic training is more effective in decreasing harmful serum lipids in diabetic male rats.

Serum level of C peptide is considered as one of the indicators of diabetes treatment process. In this study, simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and Matricaria chamomilla L. flower (MFE) extract, was investigated on the serum level of C peptide in male diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats (weight range, 200±20g), were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): control group (diabetic without treatment and training), MFE (diabetic treated with the extract), aerobic training (diabetic and training), and MFE+aerobic training (diabetic treated with extract+aerobic training). The aerobic training was performed as running on treadmill for 12 weeks (5 days per week, 60min/day, 26meter/min). The rats were diabetized with a single dose of streptozotocin (65mg/kg bw, ip). The MFE groups that daily received 200mg/kg orally (gavaged) along with exercise, were tested for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, one way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test at the significant level of p<0.05.

In this study, the serum level of C peptide significantly increased in MFE group, exercise group, and the chamomile extract along with exercise group compared to the control group (p<0.01).

The findings of this research indicated that aerobic exercise and use of MFE caused an increase in the serum level of C peptide in diabetic rats.

Male Androgenic Alopecia (MAA) is one of the most common causes of hair loss in men. Minoxidil solution is one of the most commonly used medications for MAA treatment; however, it has several cutaneous side effects including itching, scaling and erythema, which cause the discontinuation of its consumption.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 51 males with MAA were treated with 5% minoxidil solution and 7% chamomile extract. At the same time, 49 patients as controls were matched with this group and treated with 5% minoxidil solution alone. Both groups were treated and followed up for 6 months.

This study has received its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.456) and is a registered clinical trial (Code: 2017042420258N41).

 In both groups, the severity of itching and scaling gradually decreased. in the control group, erythema increased, while in the chamomile group, erythema also decreased. All three side effects of itching, scaling and erythema were lower in the group treated with chamomile extract and minoxidil solution than in the group used minoxidil solution alone.

 It seems that simultaneous administration of 7% chamomile extract and 5% minoxidil solution leads to a reduction in the severity and duration of cutaneous side effects caused by minoxidil solution use in treatment of MAA. It can increase the patient's compliance to the treatment and eventually the chance of MAA treatment.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chamomile cream on the improvement of grade I pressure ulcer in order to find an effective and inexpensive treatment.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 patients with grade I pressure ulcer were randomly divided into two groups. In intervention group, chamomile cream was administered topically on the wound for one week, and in the control group, common preventive methods were presented. Then, the condition of wound healing was evaluated for all patients using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) instrument, at the first, fourth, and seventh days of the study.

There was no significant difference in the mean scores of pressure ulcer between the two groups at the first day of the study (P > 0.050). At the fourth and seventh days of the study, the mean scores of pressure ulcer were significantly lower in intervention group (P < 0.001). Before intervention, the mean score of pressure ulcer in intervention group was 6.44 ± 2.25 which reduced to 1.33 ± 1.12 at the seventh day. In control group, the first assessment of the PUSH score was 5.86 ± 1.93 which increased to 8.14 ± 2.40 at the seventh day.

Chamomile cream seems to be effective in the treatment of grade I pressure ulcer. This combination is likely to be used as a treatment option in addition to standard treatment, and will be effective in the treatment of grade I pressure ulcer in the short term. However, due to the fact that this study was conducted on grade I pressure ulcer, more studies are suggested be done to investigate the effect of chamomile on the recovery of grade II pressure ulcer.