بازتوانی قلبی

One of the known causes of delirium is hypoxia. Phase one cardiac rehabilitation program can improve pulmonary aerobic capacity and subsequently increase brain tissue perfusion. As a result, due to its hypoxia-reducing effects, it may be able to reduce delirium levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phase one cardiac rehabilitation on the delirium level of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

This clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients in the cardiac intensive care unit of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad during 1398. After randomly assigning patients to two intervention and control groups, in patients in the intervention group, phase one of cardiac rehabilitation was performed. Patients in the control group received routine ward program. Delirium was measured by Nicham questionnaire in seven rounds, SPSS software version 20 was performed for analyzing data. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and analysis of variance statistical tests. Pvalues less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Two groups were homogeneous in terms of contextual variables. Results of analysis variance with repeated measurement test showed a significant difference between two groups in terms of delirium. (P= 0.016) The difference between two groups on the first to fourth days was significant and daily delirium levels of two groups on different days were significantly different from each other.(P= 0/001). p

This study showed performing phase one cardiac rehabilitation effectively reduces delirium. Therefore, phase one rehabilitation can be used as an affordable and low-cost approach to prevent and reduce delirium.

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR) programs increase physiological function. However, it’s not yet clear which feature of exercise is most effective in improving important physiological performance indicators in heart patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training(MCT) on metabolic equivalent of tasks(METs), submaximal myocardial oxygen consumption(MVO2submax), and heart rate recovery(HRR) of heart patients after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) surgery.

Twenty-four post-CABG patients (15 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 60.75±3.16 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.40±1.09 kg/m2 were randomly divided into three groups of HIT, MCT and control group (CG). The training groups (HIT and MCT) trained for eight-weeks, three-sessions per week, and 45minutes per session. The research variables (METs, MVO2submax and HRR) were measured and compared in two stages before and after eight-weeks of CR programs.

After eight-weeks of CR programs, patients in both training groups showed a significant improvement in METs, MVO2submax and HRR (P<0.05), and the HIT group showed significantly greater improvement in METs (P=0.001) and HRR (P=0.001) compared to the MCT group, as well the MCT group showed a significantly more improvement in MVO2submax (P=0.001) than the HIT group. Also, no cardiovascular adverse events related to HIT or MCT occurred during the implementation of the study.

According to the results of the present study, HIT seems to be more effective than MCT in improving METs and HRR of post-CABG patients, and is safe as well.

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a common therapeutic intervention that is performed in patients suffering from coronary heart diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected combined rehabilitation exercises on the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) genes in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery.

In this semi-experimental study, 20 male patients from Afshar Hospital (Yazd city) after coronary artery surgery were purposefully selected and available and randomly divided into two groups of combined exercise and control. Combined exercise program group performed aerobic (15-20 minutes with an intensity of 50-60% of the maximum heart rate) and resistance exercise (10-20 minutes, including three movements of the upper limbs and two movements of the lower limbs, each movement includes three sets and each set with 10 repetitions and 30 to 60 percent of a maximum repetition) for 10 weeks (30 sessions) and three sessions per week. Gene expression was measured by Real Time PCR method.. The data were analyzed using the Paired t-test and One-Way ANOVA at the P<0.05.

After the intervention period, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-1β was observed, but no significant difference was observed in the expression of TSP-1.

Combined exercises as a non-pharmacological rehabilitation intervention can be useful in patients who have undergone CABG by reducing systemic inflammation.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. Globally, 30% of deaths (approximately 17 million deaths per year) are attributable to cardiovascular diseases. In 2006 alone, the estimated total direct and indirect costs associated with the treatment of cardiovascular diseases exceeded 400 billion dollars. Currently, in Iran, insurance organizations only bear a limited part of cardiac rehabilitation costs, while taking into account the impact of these programs in secondary prevention and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events and as a result reducing the treatment costs imposed on this Organizations will focus on covering cardiac rehabilitation programs both for the benefit of the patient and for the benefit of the insurance organizations. According to the mentioned studies and many other studies and the high and increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Iran, and on the other hand, the clinical advantages of cardiac rehabilitation in coronary artery transplant patients, including secondary prevention and preventing disease recurrence and improving the quality of life, are necessary and The importance of this research is clear. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death all over the world, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation on the functional indices of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, vo2max and MEt functional capacity in male patients 55 Coronary artery transplant surgery up to 70 years old.

The research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of this research consisted of 120 male coronary artery transplant patients aged 55 to 70 years who referred to the Sari Heart Center. The statistical sample included 40 people who lived in Sari city and underwent coronary artery transplant surgery for at least 2 months and at most 4 months. Then they were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups of 20 people, control and therapeutic intervention of cardio sports rehabilitation. In this research, in order to measure the resting heart rate HR H before the test of two control and cardio exercise rehabilitation groups, therefore the best time to determine the heart rate in the morning after waking up is one hour after breakfast and without intense physical activity in a state of rest. For 20 minutes, the subjects of the two groups sat on a chair and were measured. All the subjects were advised to sleep early the night before and avoid any kind of stress. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the two groups were measured before the test using a dial sphygmomanometer. The time of assessment was two hours after breakfast, and the subjects were advised to refrain from smoking, vigorous physical activity, and drinking for one hour before any use of cigarettes. Avoid coffee and caffeinated drinks and sit quietly for 20 minutes and wear comfortable clothes. 12 hours before the test, blood lipid profile was taken from the subjects of both the control and cardiac rehabilitation groups fasting. The sample required for the test was 10 cc from the brachial vein immediately without delay for the actual values ​​after lying on the bed. 24 hours. Before the test, in consultation with a cardiologist, reduce the dose of heart and blood pressure medications such as Inderal and Atenolol. Also, asthmatic patients should carry a special spray and wear comfortable clothes and shoes for the test, and avoid caffeinated drinks and cigarettes 24 hours before. Cardio sports rehabilitation program consisted of 24 sessions 3 days a week for 2 months, which included 15 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of treadmill and 20 minutes of stationary bike, and 20 minutes of stationary bike and 15 minutes of cooling down. To investigate and compare pre-test and post-test variables between two groups, independent parametric t-test was used. Data analysis was done using spss software. The significance level was p<0.5.

The results showed that eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation has an effect on the improvement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), improvement of heart rate and improvement of vo2max and MEt functional capacity in male patients aged 55 to 70 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

The findings of the current research have shown the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation course on the improvement of hemodynamic indicators and functional capacity, considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the country, and on the other hand, the high per capita consumption of drugs and their high costs, and the high importance of cardiac sports rehabilitation in improving The quality of life of heart patients, including coronary artery transplantation, is necessary and necessary to pay more attention to the category of cardiac rehabilitation and to build clinics and centers for it. The findings showed that cardio sports rehabilitation reduces the risk of coronary atherosclerosis by improving heart rate and as a result of heart attack and ischemic diseases. In order to control the risk factors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), it is suggested to periodically use cardiac rehabilitation programs for their treatment.

An increasing number of elderly individuals are now undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Elderly patients, compared with patients of a younger age group, present for surgery with a greater burden of risk factors and reduced functional levels. Short‐term outcomes are hence poorer in them. But symptom relief occurs in most survivors and is accompanied by excellent rates of long‐term survival and a good quality of life. Therefore, an individualised risk–benefit profile must be carefully constructed by clinicians, taking into account several different factors and not just age alone. This review summarises the current concepts of coronary artery bypass surgery from the perspective of the very old. This, unfortunately, is not an easy question to answer. Risk–benefit profiles are individualised, and each elderly patient must be assessed on his or her own merit. There are no universally accepted standards for selection or rejection of patients for surgery. An elderly person with few background illnesses and a good expected quality and length of life would probably stand to benefit from CABG. On the other hand, an octogenarian with several comorbidities and an expected suboptimal quality of life after surgery would probably be best managed conservatively. The greatest risk, however, is in the critically ill elderly patient for whom the CABG operation may be the best of several high‐risk options. Due to the effect of cardiac rehabilitation in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and accidents on the one hand and the high direct and indirect treatment costs imposed on insurance organizations due to drug and surgical interventions on the other hand is covered. Giving a cardiac rehabilitation program due to its high clinical benefits, including reducing blood pressure risk factors and blood lipid profile and increasing the functional capacity of vascular transplant patients, reducing per capita drug use, reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy for the benefit of patients and society It is also in the interest of insurance companies. Therefore, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation affect hemodynamic parameters and blood lipid profile in male patients 55 to 70 years of age with CABG coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

For the present quasi-experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design, among male patients with an age range of 55 to 70 years, coronary artery bypass graft referring to Sari Heart Center (120 people), 40 people were selected as volunteers and Were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The research variables were measured 24 hours before and 48 hours after the exercises. Also, the experimental group performed rehabilitation exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 45-60 minutes. Research variables were assessed using a heart rate monitor, hand barometer and blood sampling. Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Shapirovilk and independent t-tests were used using SPSS software at a significance level of p <0.05 for statistical analysis of data.

Before comparing the results of the two groups, the data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test to determine the normal distribution, which showed that the data distribution is normal. Also, according to the assumption of equality of variances based on Levin test, the first row of t-test table was used, which showed that 8 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation has a significant effect on hemodynamic parameters and blood lipid profile of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients.

The results of this study showed that eight weeks of cardiovascular rehabilitation has an effect on hemodynamic parameters and blood lipid profile in men 55 to 70 years old by bypass surgery. Coronary artery surgery for the elderly is now safer than ever before, owing to modern surgical techniques and pharmacological breakthroughs. Despite magnified perioperative and postoperative dangers, symptom relief occurs in most patients. Long‐term survival and quality of life are also preserved or enhanced in the majority. Clinicians must understand the normal physiological changes associated with ageing in order to construct a risk–benefit analysis that is specifically tailored to each patient. This analysis should take into account a patient's life expectancy and quality of life both before and after a procedure, and not just age alone. Discrepancies between chronological age and biological age must be dealt with. Further, the physician is expected to anticipate end‐of‐life issues and the potential need for rehabilitation or nursing home placement in the early postoperative period. Most important among all is that these issues must be discussed with the patients and their families. Hence, it is up to the patient and the clinician to explore the potential benefits of an improved quality of living with the attendant risks of the procedure versus alternative treatment. Advanced age alone should not be a deterrent for coronary artery bypass surgery if it has been determined that these benefits outweigh the potential risk. In this study, the findings showed that due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the country and the high per capita consumption of drugs and its high costs and the high importance of cardiovascular rehabilitation in reducing cardiovascular risk factors and secondary prevention and reduction Re-stroke in heart patients, including coronary artery bypass grafting, more attention to the issue of cardiac rehabilitation and the establishment of clinics and centers in this regard is necessary. It is hoped that using the results of this study, a clear view on the importance of the impact of these programs on officials and experts to pay more attention to these programs. However, lack of access to all members of society, lack of control over hereditary and psychological characteristics and lack of control over the economic and social conditions of the subjects are some of the limitations of the present study that may affect the results of the study.

Coronary heart disease is the most common disease among cardiovascular diseases and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the first treatment of choice for coronary artery disease. Bypass surgery is a traumatic event, and inflammation is the most common symptom that occurs widely afterwards. The presence of these symptoms reduces patients' quality of life, and evidence suggests that these patients are at risk for new coronary events, readmission, and even death. Failure to treat inflammation has a negative effect on the prognosis of the disease, reducing adherence to its treatment and this may lead to recurrence of the disease in these patients. However, there are modifiable factors such as physical activity that help prevent and treat the disease by regulating the inflammatory process. Studies have shown that the use of exercise interventions is effective in heart patients. Utilization of aerobic activity is considered as a treatment method for the disease and other stressful changes. Each session of exercise leads to the production and release of cytokines from skeletal muscle contraction. One of the challenges that has attracted the attention of sports professionals today is the identification of new training methods on physical factors and physiological factors on performance. Increasing exercise, especially aerobic exercise in cardiovascular patients by reducing plasma lipid and blood glucose levels, reducing oxidative stress and bone density can increase physical function and improve controlled cardiovascular disease and prevent sarcopenia and Osteoporosis is effective. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on plasma levels of VEGF and NO in cardiac patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

16 male non-athlete heart patients, after CABG surgery, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=8) and control (n=8). The exercise group performed an aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 40 to 50 minutes per session, including running on a treadmill with an intensity of 60 to 75% of maximum heart rate for 10 to 20 minutes. Then the exercise was go on with a manual ergometer with an intensity of 30 to 50 watts for 8 to 10 minutes and then the exercise was performed on a stationary bicycle ergometer. In addition to routine care, the intervention group participated in an 8-week aerobic program. Aerobic exercise for eight weeks (three sessions per week) including 6 to 14 intensity (RPE) intensity training on the Borg pressure scale, for 10 to 20 minutes on a treadmill, then exercise with a manual ergometer at 30 to 50 watts for 8 to 10 minutes and then exercise on a stationary bike with an intensity of 30 to 50 watts for 8 to 10 minutes, under the supervision of a sports medicine specialist, exercise physiologist and nurse. The control group received only daily care under the supervision of a physician for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken in both groups before and after 8 weeks and their VEGF and NO variables were measured by ELISA. Initial blood sampling was performed 48 hours before the first training session of all subjects in the fasting state in which 5 cc of blood was taken from the brachial vein of the samples. Also, 48 hours after the last training session, 5 cc of blood was taken from the brachial vein of the subjects in order to eliminate the effect of training on all fasting subjects. Subjects were asked to abstain from food for 12 hours before blood sampling until blood sampling. Serum levels of VEGF and NO were measured by ELIZA and the data were analyzed using Paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test (α£.05).

The results showed that VEGF, 52.72% (p <0.001) and NO, 72.19% (p <0.001) levels increased significantly. While in VEGF control group, 0.24% (p <0.982) decreased non-significant and NO, 5.20% (p <0.343) increased non-significant.

According to the results of the study, eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increases serum VEGF and NO and accelerates the rehabilitation of cardiac patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Among the possible physiological stimuli for oxidantric production is known to be increased blood flow in the venous duct, which in its acute effect increases oxidative nitric synthase and modulates vasodilation to balance pressure. These findings reinforce the possibility that because regular exercise repeatedly increases pulse pressure and pulsation, it may increase the bioavailability of nitric oxide. In addition, several studies have focused on the interaction between HSP-90 and endothelial oxidase synthase. HSP-90, which acts as an intracellular protector, is present in most cells, including endothelial cells, and is released in response to various stimuli, including stress and mechanical shock, and the production of free radicals and oxidative damage. Exercise is also a physiological stimulus for HSP90. In this regard, HSP-90 increases endothelial oxidase synthase enzyme in endothelial cells in response to exercise-induced stimulation, and as a result, exercise improves vascular endothelial function.

Acute myocardial infarction refers to a reduction or amputation of coronaryartery circulation leading to myocardial necrosis. BDNF is expressed in atherosclerotic arteries, vascularsmooth muscle, and endothelial cells and is involved in angiogenesis, the inflammatory response, andapoptosis of myocardial regeneration after infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect ofa cardiac rehabilitation period on changes in BDNF levels and functional capacity in patients with acutemyocardial infarction.

The present study was performed on 30 men with acute coronary syndrome witha pretest-posttest design and the samples were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group performed a cardiac rehabilitation program for 6 weeks. The control group didnot perform any training during this period. Before and after the rehabilitation program, BDNF levelswere measured by the American Diaplus Kit in terms of picograms per milliliter and participants’ functionalcapacity by a modified Bruce test. Analysis of covariance was used to compare BDNF levels andfunctional capacity of cardiac rehabilitation and control groups.

Data were analyzed by covariance. the results showed that cardiac rehabilitation training had asignificant effect on increasing BDNF levels and functional capacity (P≤0.05).

Based on this study, it can be said that cardiac rehabilitation exercise program can play animportant role in improving the physical and physiological condition of patients with acute myocardialinfarction. Data were analyzed by covariance and the results showed that cardiac rehabilitation traininghad a significant effect on increasing BDNF levels and functional capacity (P≤0.05). In general, it can besaid that cardiac rehabilitation exercise program can play an important role in improving the physical andphysiological condition of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Angiogenesis is a critical process in tissue growth and development, especially in muscle tissue that is affected by muscle contraction. The development of the angiogenesis process in cardiac patients is crucial. For this the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of continuous and interval cardiac rehabilitation training program on serum VEGF and Endostatine after coronary angioplasty (PCI) in Male cardiac patients.

Thirty patients were randomly divided into three (aerobic, interval and control) groups. Two training groups trained for eight weeks according to their own protocol. Fasting blood sample was taken from the groups 48 hours before and after the training protocol. Serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA kit. To analyze the data, repeated measures ANOVA test was used and when differences was significant Bonferroni post hoc test was used to define the place of deference.

The results of this study showed that performing continuous and interval training increased VEGF level and decreased Endostatin significantly compared to the control group. Endostatin decline was more pronounced in the interval exercise training group.

Interval training can be used as a safe and effective method during cardiac rehabilitation like aerobic training method. It can even be concluded that interval exercise was more effective in reducing the inhibitory pathway of angiogenesis.

Coronary heart disease is the most common type of cardiovascular disease (1) and a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is the first surgical procedure used to treat coronary heart disease (2).  (CABG). Powell et al (2017) reported that more than one third of patients (36%) had moderate to severe symptoms of depression based on Beck questionnaire (6). Various indicators have been used to evaluate heart disease. In recent years, new indicators called cardiac troponin I and cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) have been used to study myocardial cell damage (7). Cardiac troponin I is a regulatory protein that forms part of the contractile system of cardiac cells (8). The cardiac isoenzyme creatine kinase is responsible for the transfer of the phosphate group to creatine in heart cells (7). Clinical studies have shown that troponin I and creatine kinase increase after CABG surgery and return to baseline after a few days (9), there may be an increase in troponin I levels for several days in these patients. The primary increase in cardiac troponin I is associated with the release of cytosolic troponin I and its secondary increase is related to the release of troponin I from myofibrils that rehabilitate the heart. Long-term increase in troponin has been observed in patients with angina pectoris (8). Creatine kinase index is also used to diagnose the severity of heart disease, and since this isozyme is not significantly concentrated in extracellular tissues, it is considered as a relatively special cardiac index. It is possible to determine the severity of possible injuries as well as the appropriate treatment method by testing these indicators (7). Another method used to treat these patients is potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (16). Studies have illustrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), such as sertraline can be used to treat tissue damage, inflammation, anxiety, and depression in heart patients because they are safe and well tolerated)17). Research has determined that SSRIs can be profitable for the cardiovascular system and also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (18). Andrew et al (2016) claimed that aerobic exercise with a dose of 50-200 mg of sertraline per day decreased the level of depression and increased the quality of life in cardiovascular patients (19).

The present study is a randemized double-blind clinical trial that was performed by availability sampling method in the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation ward of Fatemeh Zahra Heart Hospital in Sari. The permission was obtained from the hospital management. The necessary ethical license was received from the Medical Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (ethics code 1398.1167) and was registered in the clinical trial system with the code IRCT20191125045496N1. Ultimately, patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1- aerobic exercise+sertraline, (n = 9) 2- aerobic exercise+placebo (n = 8), 3- sertraline (n = 8) 4- control (placebo) (n = 8). The studied variables including age, physical characteristics (height, weight, body mass index), psychological characteristics (anxiety and depression) and quality of life were measured before and after the exercise rehabilitation program. In addition to routine care, intervention groups (aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise with medication) participated in an 8-week aerobic program. The aerobic exercise group with the drug and the drug group took sertraline at a minimum dose of 25 mg and a maximum dose of 50 mg once daily (in the evening) based on the therapistchr('39')s prescription for 2 months (19). The aerobic and control training group used a placebo with the same dose and duration, as well as the same shape and color as the original medicine made by Hakim Daroo Company. In this study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normal distribution of data, and descriptive statistics were used to arrange and describe the data. Analysis of Covariance (ANOVA), correlated t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test were also used in inferential statistics. It should be noted that statistical tests were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 at a significance level of P <0.05.

The results of statistical analysis of the data showed that there is no significant difference between the four groups including exercise + placebo, exercise + drug, drug and placebo in the pre-test values. Based on Table 2, the result of analysis of covariance (ANOVA) illustrated that there is a significant diference between the groups in the levels of CK-MB and quality of life in post-test values (p <0.05 between groups). The results of correlated t-test demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the levels of troponin I and CK-MB in the exercise + drug groups, and also the quality of life index in the exercise + placebo, exercise + drug, drug and placebo groups was before the intervention (p <0.05 within the group).The results of post hoc test in Table 3 showed that there is a significant difference between the group of  exercise + drug  and placebo in the level of  CK-MB and there is also a significant difference between exercise + placebo, exercise + drug, drug and placebo groups in quality of life index (p <0.05).

This study was aimed to evaluate the interaction effect of cardiac rehabilitation and sertraline on troponin I, creatine kinase and quality of life in CABG patients undergoing chronic depression. The results illustrated that aerobic exercise with sertraline decreased troponin I, CK-MB and increased quality of life during 8 weeks. The findings demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation with sertraline was able to reduce cardiac tissue damage and improve quality of life CABG patients undergoing chronic depression. Therefore, moderate intensity aerobic exercise with sertraline can be used as an effective factor to improve the indicators of heart tissue damage and quality of life in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak) is a strong predictor of survival in cardiac patients. LVEF is reflection of the functional capacity of the heart. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of high intensity interval training(HIIT) to moderate intensity continuous training(MICT) on VO2peak and LVEF of heart patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery(POST CABG).

Twenty-four POST CABG patients(15men and 9women) with an average age of 60.75±3.16 years and average body mass index(BMI) of 28.40±1.09 kg/m2 were randomly divided into three groups, HIIT, MICT and control group(CG). The training groups, Exercised for 8weeks, 3sessions per week and 45min per session. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis.

Both HIIT and MICT groups showed significant improvement in VO2peak after eight weeks of CR program(p < 0.05), and improvement in VO2peak in the HIIT group was significantly greater than the improvement in the MICT group(P=0.011). Patients' LVEF did not significant change after eight weeks of CR program in either groups HIIT and MICT(P>0.05), also was not observed significant difference between the two groups(P=1.000).

According to the results of this study, HIIT is more effective than MICT for improving VO2peak in POST CABG patients, and despite the high intensity of HIIT, its use in the CR programs of these patients can be safe. These results can help sports medicine professionals choose the optimal style and intensity of CR exercise and thus improve the exercise capacity and quality of life of heart patients.

Due to the increasing trend of heart diseases and their complications, programs such as cardiac rehabilitation can reduce the complications and faster recovery of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design and evaluate the usability of smartphone-based application for training outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.

This applied-developmental study was conducted at Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. In order to specify the app information content and feature, a checklist was designed based on the relevant literature and opinions cardiologists (10 peoples) and nurses (10 peoples). The application was designed and developed in JAVA environment and on the Android operating system. The usability evaluation was performed using the think aloud method and the System Usability Scale questionnaire by cardiac patients (10 peoples), nurses (10 peoples) and cardiologists (10 peoples).

The most important information contents were education, diet, physical activity and medications and the most important features were, pulse count, harmful cholesterol level record, Body mass Index calculation and triglyceride levels chart display. Usability evaluation showed that patients, nurses and cardiologists rated the application at a desirable level with mean score of 74.25, 74.5 and 75.36, respectively.

Based on the userschr('39') opinions in this study, smartphone_based applications had potential to transfer educational contents to heart patients to prevent acute cardiac events, lifestyle modification and rehabilitation education.

Coronary Heart Disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of mortality. Exercise activities after coronary artery bypass surgery increase the density of myocardial capillaries called angiogenesis and improve cardiovascular function. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic-resistance training on plasma basic fibroblast grown factor levels in post-coronary artery bypass grafting patients.

Methods & Materials: 

The sample consisted of 30 men aged 45-60 years who underwent bypass surgery. They were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the start of the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects were fasting. In vitro ELISA method was used to measure BFGF. Independent and paired t-test and Shapiro-Wilk test were used to analyze the data at the significant level of 0.05 in SPSS v. 21.

Ethical Considerations:

 This study was registered (Ethics Code: IR.IAU.NEYSHABUR.REC.1398.01) in the Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Neishabour Branch, and with Clinical Trial Code: IRCTID:IRCT20191228045919N1.

 Eight weeks of aerobic-resistance training significantly increased bFGF levels in the exercise group compared to the control group (P=0.002). Also, pre and post changes in the experimental group showed a significant increase in plasma bFGF levels (P=0.002), which was not significant in the control group (P=0.758).

 According to the results, it may be concluded that combined (aerobic resistance) exercise may increase angiogenesis and capillary density in post-CABG patients by increasing plasma bFGF levels

Liver enzymes are known markers for liver dysfunction which can be associated with the risk of heart disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of the home-based exercise rehabilitation and center-based CR on changes in liver enzymes of patients with heart failure.

In a semi-experimental study, 40 patients (mean age, 59 ± 6.28 years) voluntarily were divided into 3 groups: home-based exercise rehabilitation (n=13), centre –based CR (n=15) and control (n=12). Liver enzymes (Aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)) were measured at baseline and after 2 months of CR. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in P < 0.05 level.

For the centre –based CR group, the levels of LDH and CPK after 2 months were reduced (P<0/05), While there were no significant differences in AST, ALT and ALP levels. Levels of ALT significantly reduce in the home-based exercise rehabilitation group.

CR may have been reduce some of the liver enzymes through increased cardiac output and insulin sensitivity and improved perfusion.

Nowadays, home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) program is one of the major methods that can improve the quality of life of patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a HBCR on the quality of life of patients following CABG.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 104 inpatients at Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Ahvaz in 2017, based on permuted-block randomization were assigned to an intervention or a control group. The intervention group received four training sessions for four days at the hospital and then six sessions of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (at 2-week intervals for three months). The Mac-New quality of life questionnaire was completed by the intervention and control groups before the surgery and three months after CABG surgery. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.

The postoperative mean scores for quality of life subscales and for overall quality of life in the intervention group were greater compared to the control group (P<0.001). The obtained effect sizes were 1.17 for the emotional, 1.42 for the physical, and 1.91 for the social subscales and 1.67 for the overall quality of life. The Eta-squared value (0.408) indicated that the effect of the home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on the quality of life was significant (P<0.0001).

The study findings suggest that the home-based cardiac rehabilitation program has positive effects on the various subscales of quality of life. HBCR is recommended as a cost-effective care model for all patients attending heart surgery centers.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20171114037468N1