بیماری هوچکین

Epstein-Barr virus is one of the major causes of Hodgkin's lymphoma present in the Rhodeshtrenberg cells, which is part of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. TRADD is an essential adapter for complex signaling and induction of apoptosis, necrosis, activation of NF-kB and MAP Kinase. This study aims to examine the methylation pattern of the TRADD gene in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma EBV positive. This study is a case-control one. The case group includes 80 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and the control group was the tumor margin in the case group. Spectrophotometry and electrophoresis on agarose gel were used to determine the quantity and quality of DNA. A change in the pattern of methylation of the TRADD gene was carried out using the EvaGreen method and a comparison of the high resolution melting point with HRM method. In this study, subtypes were respectively 46.3%, 25%, 11.3% ,10% and 7.5% nodular sclerosis, cellular solid, rich lymphocyte, nonspecific lymphocyte and unspecified. Comparison of the transformation pattern of hyperthyllation of TRADD gene in viral samples with non-viral samples was 61.3% and 32.5%, which indicated significant changes. Evaluation of the significance of TRADD methylation pattern by segmentation of lymphoma indicated a significant relation between T lymphoma, grade and different stages in presence of EBV virus (p <0.05) This study indicated that the methylation pattern of TRADD gene is closely related to EBV viral infections. EBV patients are highly affectd by change in the behavior of the TRADD gene, which results in malpractice of immune cells, and ultimately lymphoma

Hodgkin’s disease is a special type of lymphoma or cancer that is associated with the abnormal growth of cells in the lymphatic system. The purpose of this study was to investigate different methods of radiotherapy in women with Hodgkin’s disease who need radiotherapy. Due to the presence of sensitive organs in this area, and secondary disease and cancers after radiotherapy, the importance of reviewing various treatment plans, is outstanding.
The data of computed tomography (CT) scan for 18 women with Hodgkin’s disease with mediastinal involvement were used. In next step, contouring all sensitive organs inside the field and the involved volume was done, using treatment planning system of Seyedoshohada Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Then, the comparisons between the anterior-posterior/posterior- anterior (AP/PA) common treatment with the energy of 6 and 18 Mv and the four-field techniques with different weights were performed.
Findings: The maximum dose reached to the breast was reduced to 33%, compared to the current parallel-opposite technique, in the four- filed technique. On the other hand, the four- filed technique caused an increase of about 2.8 times in the average dose, due to the side-fields. The mean dose reached to the treatment volume was 100-102 percent in the 2-field technique and 99.5 percent in the four-filed technique.
For women with Hodgkin’s disease with mediastinal involvement, using the two-field technique with 18 Mv photon weighing 1.5 of anterior and 0.5 of posterior, showed better results compared to the 6 photon. The use of the 4-field technique led to a decrease of V20 value for the whole lung and the average dose received by esophagus and aorta and spinal cord, and V30 value for the heart.

Introduction & Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for about 1% of all cancers. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is a cytoplasmic enzyme. Oncogene, and growth factor induce over expression of COX2. COX2 is apoptotic inhibitor. Mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene represents the most common genetic alternation in human tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of COX2 and p53 in subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this cross- sectional study,62 Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied in admitted samples of pathology departments of Hamadan hospitals before 2005.Age,sex and type of HL were recorded in each case. p53 and COX2 expression was investigated immunohistochemically and expression intensity. The comparison of p53 and COX2 between subtypes of HL was evaluated with SPSS v13 soft ware and chi-square test. The mean age of the patients of HL was 41±16 and 79% if HL immunoreactive for p53. In this study the mean age of the patients of HL who died was more than the mean age of the patients of HL who survived which is statistically considered significant (P<0.003). 24% of the patients of HL were immunoreactive for COX2. Regarding to p53 and COX2 in subtypes of HL and insignificant difference in p53 and COX2 expression between subtypes of HL. We concluded that p53 and COX2 have not an important role in the prognosis of HL, but it is recommended to do more universal studies in the immunohistochemical level of P53 and COX2 to attain perfect results.

Lymphoma is a group of cancers that originates in the lymphatic system, but extranodal regions may be involved. As the head and neck areas are in the field of dentistry so a dentist has an important role in early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lymphoma and involvement of cervico-facial tissues in patients with Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods & Materials: This descriptive study was conducted on medical records of 55 patients presented lymphoma, 9 cases with Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and 46 cases with Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL), mainly for involvement of cervico-facial tissues and lymphadenopathy in cancer department of Iman Khomaini Hospital (2003). Data was analysed by using SPSS 11 statistical software. Data revealed that the mean age in patients with HD was 47±7.18 and in NHL, 55±18 years old. The most site of lymphadenopathy was observed in the neck (88.8 in HD and 56.5 in NHL). In 17.4% of patients with NHL, lymphadenopathy was found in submandibular, parotid and submental regions. According to the staging, 61% of patients were in stages I and II. The most common diagnostic method was incisional biobsy. Attention to cervico-facial and oral manifestation of lymphoma is effective in early diagnosis.

The proper treatment for early-stage Hodgkin’s disease is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of various treatment strategies in supradiaphragmatic clinical early-stage Hodgkin’s disease. This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 105 eligible patients (49 stage I, 59 stage II) who were treated at radiotherapy- oncology departments of Qaem and Omid hospitals in Mashhad (Iran) from April 1995 to April 2000. 26 patients had B symptoms and 5 had large mediastinal mass. Treatment of patients consisted of chemotherapy alone (43 cases), radiotherapy alone (46 cases, 40 mantle and 6 Total nodal irradiation) and combined modality (16 cases). Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan- Meier model. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival profile between groups. The median age of patients was 25 years with a male to female ratio of 1.56: 1. In comparison with radiotherapy only group, Primary chemotherapy and combined modality groups had significantly more cases with unfavorable factors such as B symptoms, Large mediastinal mass, ESR>40 and stage II. For chemotherapy, combined modality and radiotherapy groups the 5-year progression free survival was 72.5%, 82.5% and 56.2% (P<0.05) and the 5-year disease specific survival was 82.9%, 91.6% and 82.5% respectively. Despite having more cases with unfavorable factors, patients who underwent chemotherapy or combined treatment had lower relapse rates compared to radiotherapy only group. However, there was not a significant difference in 5-year disease specific survival rates between these groups.