تجاری سازی

The present age is the age of mutual scientific communication, an age in which it is not possible to advance the highest goals of health and treatment without having the knowledge of the world in the field of health sciences. Therefore, the present purpose has been done with the aim of reviewing the approach of scientific commercialization of health education outputs. Eli was searched by databases. After the search process, two stages of screening and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 19 articles were found. Which was presented using the classification of commercialization components of the findings. The results showed that in order to achieve purposeful educational and research interaction in medical universities, there is a need to provide and receive scientific output of universities in different countries. Laying the groundwork for the national and international approach to scientific commercialization is an indisputable necessity that requires the implementation of micro and macro policies in the field of health. The use of new technologies, human resource development, creating levels of competition, etc. is not possible without having a scientific commercialization perspective.

Sustainable development in universities is no longer defined and generalized by the primitive generation method. The third millennium has ushered the fifth generation of universities, where educational systems incorporate new dimensions of research. Sustainable development leads to growth and increased academic functionality, with its foundation firmly rooted in research. Therefore, this study aims to review research-oriented universities with the fifth-generation approach of sustainable development and to follow the commercialization of research. This study is a narrative review conducted from 2012 to 2024, utilizing the following keywords: University, Research-oriented university, Fifth generation, Fifth generation university, Sustainable development, Commercialization, and Academic research. It involved searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, Irandoc, SID, and ISI databases. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 Persian and English articles were selected for the study. According to the results of the study, universities play an important role in the sustainable and continuous development of educational and research systems in the country. Therefore, creating a balance between economic growth and sustainable academic development is of great importance. As the academic sector advances in its definitions of sustainable development, fifth-generation universities have emerged, characterized as creative, value-generating, innovative, civilization-building, and research-oriented institutions. Fifth-generation universities stand at the forefront of research and commercialization efforts, involving groups, faculties, universities, and educational systems. Thus, managers, policymakers, and decision-makers at both micro and macro levels of educational systems must identify scientific needs by bridging the gap between universities and society. They should implement effective changes based on research and its results in strategic documents so that the commercialization of research findings leads to cultural, social, economic, and political self-sufficiency in sustainable university development.

Nanoparticles are widely used in various fields of pharmaceuticals, dentistry, medicine, biology and materials engineering due to their special features, including high surface-to-volume ratio, homogeneous particle size distribution, high stability, and ease of production. The formation of coatings is driven by the existence of numerous pathogenic bacteria that give rise to diverse infections, weaken the immune system in humans, and pose significant risks in areas such as food packaging, synthetic textiles, medical and dental equipment, as well as public health concerns related to drinking water and sewage treatment. The formation of coatings is driven by the existence of numerous pathogenic bacteria that give rise to diverse infections, weaken the immune system in humans, and pose significant risks in areas such as food packaging, synthetic textiles, medical and dental equipment, as well as public health concerns related to drinking water and sewage treatment. More than 50% of marine cyanobacteria can potentially be used to extract bioactive substances and are known to be very effective in killing cancer by inducing apoptotic death. In this review article, recent researches in the field of drugs or compounds based on microalgae and also their biomedical applications are emphasized. Likewise, recent advances in the field of discovering anticancer compounds, commercialization of microalgae anticancer drugs, production of nanoformulated drugs based on microalgae, and production of formulations for high loading drug delivery and its application in medical sciences, pharmacy and dentistry are emphasized.

The development and improvement of nanoparticle biosynthesis processes using cyanobacteria may leads to the discovery of new biogenic nanoparticles with unique properties that can significantly increase the effectiveness of medical treatments and reduce side effects.

Commercialization of academic research is one of the executive strategies to turn science into wealth. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the commercialization of academic research in Islamic Azad University. The present research method is a qualitative data type of the foundation, the statistical population includes academic experts and a purposeful sampling method based on theoretical saturation. To collect data, two methods of study and analysis of research background and semi-structured interviews were used. The research findings show that the small growth of academic research in the Islamic Azad University, especially during the last two decades, shows that there is a good potential for intellectual production. Findings also indicate 5 major factors to increase the commercialization of academic research. Factors are divided into intraorganizational and extra-organizational groups. The research findings are also in line with research findings in other countries to identify factors affecting the commercialization of academic research.

Moral intelligence is one of the dimensions of intelligence that can provide a framework for the proper functioning of human beings and is considered as a predictor of behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate moral intelligence in nurses and the factors affecting it. This study was a narrative review. In the present study, to select studies, Persian language databases such as Magiran, SID, Barakat Knowledge Network System Scholar Google were searched with the keywords intelligence, nurse, ethics, professional. Criteria for the study included: a review of Persian articles in the period 2010-2020, which examined the moral intelligence of nurses. Exclusion criteria included non-Persian language articles, unrelated to the purpose of the research and lack of access to the full version of the article. Review articles were also excluded from the study. The search result was 150 articles using the keywords mentioned above. Finally, 11 articles appropriate to the research question were included in the study.
The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between moral intelligence and patient satisfaction with nursing care, resilience, anger, attitude towards patient education and quality of work life of nurses.
According to the findings of the study, spending time and money in order to increase moral intelligence in nurses is necessary. It is recommended for nurses to hold appropriate training programs on the subject of ethics in the form of in-service courses.

Academic growth centers are a platform for creating real opportunities for the productivity of academic teaching. To achieve the results of education and research in the university, learners' knowledge should be directed towards the commercialization of education and research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the position of academic growth centers (incubators) on the commercialization of academic research.  The present study is a simple review study with a search approach in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase during the years 2010 to 2021 and focusing on the keywords of commercialization, growth centers, academic growth centers, commercialization of research, and academic research. 26 articles were included in the 4 stages of search and screening. The results show that creating growth centers without using commercialization management is useless. Academic research must pass the filter of commercialization power, otherwise, research is not feasible and practical.  Commercialization of academic research can be used to motivate, enhance the empowerment of scientific development at national and international levels, generate income, scientific growth, and develop economic, social, cultural, and political indicators.

In the present society, knowledge commercialization is the most important responsibility of universities, especially medical universities, in linking universities with industry and sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and prioritize knowledge commercialization indicators in Dezful University of Medical Sciences. This study was conducted in terms of applied purpose using a qualitative and quantitative integrated approach. The statistical population consisted of all employees of Dezful University of Medical Sciences and the sample consisted of 37 employees who were selected by census method. To measure the variables, a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability had already been confirmed was used. Spss software version 1.8 and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant difference between the theoretical average and the empirical mean in all items of structural, human and relational indicators of knowledge commercialization and employees reported the mentioned indicators as desirable.

Every societychr('39')s transcendence and decadence can be traced back to its culture. Thus, the development of universities with the aim of commercializing research findings necessitates first and foremost an understanding of the components of academic research finding commercialization. By incorporating the literature, this study attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the components of academic research finding commercialization at the University of Medical Sciences.

This applied research employed a meta-synthesis coding (thematic analysis). Meta-synthesis discovers new subjects and implications by providing researchers with a systematic approach through synthesizing different research. This, in turn, expands current knowledge and presents a comprehensive view of the subjects.

After analyzing and synthesizing previous researcherschr('39') findings, 15 concepts and 4 components were identified out of 99 codes in terms of academic research finding commercialization. The findings revealed that the most common codes in academic research finding commercialization were motivation and compensation, coordination and interaction with the industry, assistance provided by the university administration, and consulting services.

  According to the findings, one of the reasons that academic research findings are not commercialized is that policymakers and decision-makers do not place enough emphasis on commercialization. Hence, the present studychr('39')s findings can be used in the university policy-setting with the aim of expanding commercialization of academic research findings.

The development of universities in line with commercializing the research results in the first step needs to understand the effective components of organizational culture associated with academic research commercialization. This research aimed to identify the components of a desirable organizational culture to commercialize the research results in a medical sciences university.

This is an applied qualitative research design using  the approach of Glaser’s grounded theory. The target group included managers and faculty members at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews with 14 respondents having experience in research commercialization or cooperation with private companies. The sample was selected using the snowball sampling approach. Then, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze data.

The research findings indicate that the total number of free codes extracted from the content of the interviews was 166, which after merging similar codes with each other, finally 43 codes were extracted and classified in 14 similar concepts and finally in 4 the main themes were categorized. These included components of needs assessment (social accountability), the components of idea production including (innovation, risk appetite, encouragement and reward and Mindset, the culture of idea conversion including (management support, university independence and autonomy, empowered structure, flexibility and strategy and commitment to goals) and the culture of communication include (communication models, interaction, teamwork, consulting services).

According to the results, a reason why research results are not commercialized much is the lack of adequate attention to creating culture by university policy-makers and decision-makers. Therefore, the results found by this research can be used in making policies in line with creating a culture to develop research commercialization.

Possibility of genetic studies in human tissues, lead to increasing importance of this tissues in the scientific community and on the other hand, commercial exploitation of human tissue has become one of today's challenges. This study aims to examine the approaches to the challenges in this area.

The method of the research is descriptive-analytical and it has done using library resources.

In this study, principles related to research ethics such as fidelity in citing the sources and references of the article has been observed.

The results show that law of various countries have adopted three different approaches in commercialization of human tissue: legitimacy of commercialization, prohibition and moderate approach.

Many of the challenges and concerns about the commercialization of human organs and tissues for transplantation purpose cannot be applied in the scientific researches; In addition to extensive benefits of commercialization of human tissue for research purposes such as increasing the public confidence toward researchers and research institutions, solving the problem of shortage of human tissues and biological materials for scientific research, clarification of legal relationship and appreciation of the contributions of donors of human tissue in the process of scientific research, leaving no doubt that commercialization of human tissue for research purposes is necessary.

Today, in universities and research institutes, the lack of attention to commercialization makes it impossible or difficult to enter the markets for technology and research products. therefore, this study aims to design a commercialization model for research achievements of a military research institute.

This descriptive-analytic study was done in a cross-sectional study in 2019. The research population consists of senior, middle and operational managers, faculty, experts and researchers in a military research institute. The sampling was done by census method and number of 130 people. The data gathering tool is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The composite reliability for each of the four domains (individual, intra-organizational, external organizational and communication) was higher than 0.7, indicating appropriate homogeneity or internal consistency. To collect and analyze quantitative data, a structural equation model based on partial least squares approach was performed with Smart-PLS3 software.

The pattern of factors influencing the commercialization of academic research achievements was divided into four groups of 60 factors: individual intra-organizational, external organizational and communication. According to the research findings in the final model of the research, the correlation was significant for all dimensions and the communication factors had the lowest correlation (0.880) and intra-organizational (0.971) the highest correlation. To ensure the quality of the measurement model, positive values of the cv-com index represent the appropriate quality of the measurement model.

Governments and other effective institutions with formulas and facilitating and accelerating policies should move universities towards a model of knowledge-based commercialization by adopting smart measures. On the other hand, universities are pursuing strategies such as holding joint conferences and meetings with industry to increase the relevance and awareness of the partieschr('39') needs and capabilities in the path of commercialization.

The overall goal of the present study was to present a genuine leadership model for the internationalization of macro-medical universities in region I. The purpose of this study was to apply an exploratory design with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The statistical population was selected through qualitative sampling method by the faculty members of the macro-medical universities of the region (n = 14). The faculty of macro-medical universities in the region consisted of 1851 people. 320 students were selected based on Cochran formula. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling based on university unit. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on qualitative part to identify the dimensions of genuine leadership. The result of the qualitative part is the production of a genuine leadership expert questionnaire. For data gathering in quantitative section for authentic leadership variable, a researcher-made original leadership questionnaire with 91 questions and 2 "individual and organizational" questionnaires was used and for measuring internationalization variable, Floralization Internationalization Questionnaire (1398) was used with 50 questions and 8 dimensions. "Educational, research, cultural, political, communication, knowledge production, higher education macro policies and financial resources" were used. The face and content validity of the instruments was confirmed by the supervisor and consultant. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7 which was confirmed. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The results of the qualitative phase of the research showed that genuine leadership has two dimensions (individual and organizational).

The present study is a phenomenological analysis of the content challenges of children's animated characters.

The method of qualitative research is exploratory with a phenomenological approach. The research community consists of thematic experts in the field of animation production by purposeful sampling method, which according to the inclusion criteria with 8 people reached the theoretical saturation of the data. The interview data collection tool was semi-structured. The validity of the collected data was confirmed by the evaluation criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) and Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) methods. Data analysis was performed inductively using the seven-step collage method (1978).

The findings showed that the identified challenges in terms of content can be classified into three categories: morphology, conceptualism and identity. In the morphological dimension of personality engineering, color magic and design policies, and in the imaginative dimension of elements such as non-eloquence, exaggeration, cognitive conflict and thought challenge, and in the dimension of identity, transcendental identity, false identity, symbolic identity and sexual identity are known challenges are in the field of content of children's animation productions.

The results of this study showed that one of the main challenges is to pay attention to the dimensions of content morphology; One of the components in this field is the re-engineering of animated personality, during which, regardless of the formal and aesthetic proportions, differences and structured characters with a priori images, as well as deconstruction, are a necessity for the production of creative characters.

The present study aimed to prepare a model to enable commercialization of educational science research. The study was an applied research with a mixed approach and the sampling method was also purposive sampling according to the research method. For this reason, after the semi-structured interview with 16 expert’s interviewees, data were collected, coded and analyzed simultaneously. In the quantitative part, the questionnaire was distributed among educational and economical students and practitioners; according to Morgan table, statistical sampole was 152 out of which 260 participants were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was in-depth interviews with experts and 46 questionnaires in qualitative and in quantitative sections, respectively. In addition, LISREL software was used for data analysis and also structural equation modeling (SEM) technique with LISREL software was used for confirmatory factor analysis and presenting the research model. According to the coefficient of variables and prioritizing the factors influenced the commercialization of research in the field of educationit indicated the highest priority was related to the component of structural strategies with an impact factor of 0.95 and the law, management and environmental guidelines with an impact factor 0.9, 0.86 and 0.58, priorities, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the rules of law were one of the influencing factors on the commercialization of research in the field of educational sciences.

Today, knowledge is one of the essential elements of wealth creation, ability and knowledge of countries and is considered as a powerful tool in national development. The purpose of this study is Study of Effective Factors of the commercialization of research projects in medical universities. In this review study, Persian and English articles in databases such as Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, SID, etc. were used. The search for articles was performed using the keywords of Persian and English articles: Research Commercialization, Universities, and Knowledge Commercialization. As a result of the search, 22 articles were identified after reviewing abstract and the full-text review that met the inclusion criteria. The findings extracted from the studies showed that various and diverse factors such as marketing research factors, factors (individual, environmental, contextual, structural and content, social, cultural, organizational, legal, political, economic, industrial, intellectual property, technology management, and so on) are effective in commercializing research projects and research. Therefore, effective steps can be taken by employing competent and experienced research and interested managers and paying attention to the factors influencing the commercialization of knowledge and research. In order to make the most of the economic and social benefits of the scientific potential of the country's research sector, it is necessary to commercialize research projects more seriously in medical universities than other organizations because of their important mission and vision to community health necicitate effective research management is from start to finish.

With the advent of the era of rationality, the productive companies of the students have been created to enhance knowledge and wealth, to develop econometric studies, and to commercialize research and development in the field of superior and high value added technologies. Despite the advances in recent years, one of the challenges facing these companies is the creation of wealth and the commercialization of research findings. Accordingly, the present study aims at presenting strategies for the commercialization of modern technologies in the emerging science companies in the field of information technology based on a qualitative study with an applied exploratory approach. The statistical population of this research included: academic experts and knowledge managers active in the emerging science and technology companies in the field of information technology and statistical sample selected through a purposeful judging method with a snowball approach to 15 people. The method of collecting information in two forms of library and field studies is using semi-structured interviewing tools with experts and analyzing qualitative data through the six-step model of Clark and Brown's analysis of the subject. To assess the validity of the criterion of acceptability, reliability and reliability of the interview, the test method was also examined Finally, the results of the topic analysis led to the presentation of a strategic plan for the commercialization of new technologies in the emerging science companies in the field of information technology, which included five main strategies: the management system reform in startup companies, the improvement of the communication of knowledge companies Axis with industry, effective management of intellectual property rights, increasing the effectiveness of the role of government and culture, and 16 sub-strategies.

The main objective of this research is "Provide a native model of knowledge commercialization in the field of health at the University of Medical Sciences in Tehran". The statistical population of the research includes academic experts and experts consisting of managers, experts, custodians and consultants in the field of knowledge commercialization in the field of health of medical universities of Tehran in which the information gathering has been continued until saturation, as well as for sample size selection In this paper, based on the opinions of 18 experts and the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin in three stages of open, axial and selective coding, 72 concepts and 15 categories have been extracted. Among them, the commercialization of knowledge in the field of health as the central category and the other 14 components of the data theory theory data base Formed. The proposed comprehensive model proposed in the second stage was tested and analyzed using SPSS 20, Lisrel8.8 and SmartPLS.03 software and the results of the findings indicate that all the variables considered in the form of the abovementioned levels as variables Which should be considered in the design of the optimal model, has been approved. Also, given that the absolute value of the t-value for all relationships between the variables was larger than the critical value of 1.96 and all factor loads in a standard state greater than 0.3, then none of the relationships was rejected and all the validation variables and relationships Became So, the original model of the research was finally confirmed.

The emergence of new generation of universities has changed mission and higher education goals from learning-centered and research-based process towards creation of entrepreneurial university. The purpose of this research was reflection on the formation of entrepreneurial university of Medical Sciences with emphasis on solutions and challenges.

In this narrative review, relevantpapers were identified by the following keywords: entrepreneurial university, entrepreneurship , medical sciences, development of entrepreneurial Universities, and entrepreneurial university challenges from scientific databases including; Eric, Sage Journals, Wiley Online Library, Emerald, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis and Persian scientific databases such as; Magiran, Noormags and  Scientific Information Database (SID).

The development of entrepreneurial university of medical sciences needs leadership and administration, entrepreneurship culture, relationship with industry and technology transfer. Also for developing entrepreneurial university of medical sciences, there are challenges such as educational and research challenges, cultural and social challenges andeconomic and financial challenges.

Policymakers and medical authorities should notice the above mentioned challenges and help the higher education system to overcome them.

One of the important factors in the development of countries is scientific production and turning science into wealth by Universities. Investigating and identifying the problems and barriers of scientific production of universities is very important. The purpose of this research is to investigate the barriers of scientific production from the viewpoint of faculty members the University of Tabriz. In this cross-sectional study, 250 faculty members from the University of Tabriz were taught in the first semester of the academic year of 2016-2017 selected by simple random sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 81 items with a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts and reliability by Cronbach's alpha, which was 0.82. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and one-sample T-test and Friedman test. The results of this study showed that the factors such as curriculum and content, publishing scientific findings, organizational-managerial barriers, faculty members issues, teaching methods, nature of research, research tools, the connection of scientific production with society and industry, deficiency of facilities and opportunities and Over-organizational barriers to inhibiting scientific production. Among these factors, the over- organizational factor has the highest rank and the content and curriculum have the least rank in hindering scientific production. Given the high contribution of the over- organizational factor to barriers to scientific production, it can be said that in order to establish an effective transformation in the scientific production, a systemic view of the interrelationship between the various economic, political, cultural and social parts is essential.

Mobile phone, as a manifestation of modern communication technology, has a strong position in human life and is an integral part of daily life. The health industry is also one of the main areas where mobile penetration in the industry has resulted in surprising advances and various challenges. Mobile health (activities and medical operations supported by the mobile phone) serves as a digital assistant for information, health and personal care. Health commercialization is a global phenomenon and many health systems in the world are affected by it. The aim of this study was to prioritize the factors influencing the commercialization of mobile health.
In this applied study, through reviewing studies in the field of mobile health commercialization, 31 leading indicators of mobile health commercialization were identified and after obtaining the opinions of experts and explorative factor analysis, the identified indicators were categorized in 6 dimensions and ranked using a fuzzy hierarchy analysis.
The obtained indicators were respectively, service development, market management, organization and legal processes, technology and infrastructure, finances and large substrates. What is noteworthy in the proposed prioritization compared to the studied documents is the comprehensiveness of the relevant indicators and consideration of the various dimensions of commercialization in relation to similar researches.
Regardless of the prioritization of effective factors on mobile health commercialization, a noteworthy point in this framework is significant importance of convergence of this technology with the economic structure governing health care system of the country, agreement of the technology with basic health infrastructures and methods of improvement of mobile health technology that undoubtedly, each of them, by itself, is an important factor in mobile health commercialization.