تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی

Inattention of hospital waste management has caused many problems. As a consequence, it has put the environment and human health at serious risk. Medical centers are one of the important health institutions which in recent years, population growth, increasing clients and service populations has led to significant growth in waste production in them. The quality and quantity of medical centers waste is becoming more and more problematic and is considered as a dangerous toxic substance. The purpose of this article is to evaluate, prioritize and explain the management plan for treatment and disposal of medical centers waste.

Important criteria in choosing the method of waste disposal of medical centers were extracted from previous studies. Then, the importance of these criteria was determined using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) and at the end, the best disposal method was selected using the Fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (Fuzzy WASPAS).

Among the main criteria, environmental issues was the first priority with 0.517 weight and the criteria of cost and volume of waste with the points of 0.317 and 0.166 were ranked second and third, respectively. Also, between the sub-criteria, the air pollution was ranked first with 0.256 weight. Finally, among the disposal methods, the sanitary landfill method with 0.317 weight was ranked first and the microwave methods, waste incineration and autoclave with the points of 0.265, 0.253, and 0.173 scored second to fourth respectively.

Considering the obtained results and prioritizing, it is possible to achieve more risk reduction, reduction of environmental pollution and reduction of costs by disposing of waste in health centers. Accordingly, the most appropriate method for disposing of waste in medical centers in the country is the “sanitary landfill” method. Of course, sanitary landfilling of waste should be done in an appropriate and standard way to prevent groundwater pollution and damage to the environment. Solving the problems caused by hospital waste is a complex and multidimensional issue that requires the cooperation and assistance and integration of community facilities (government, private and public institutions).

Good governance in the last two decades attracted the attention of scientific and international circles around the world. It is a type of governance that is committed to supporting and promoting human health. In order to achieve good governance, components have been identified that knowledge of the weight and importance of each component is undoubtedly necessary to achieve the desired results in the policy-making of the Iranian health system.

This research is descriptive-survey in terms of goal setting and methodology. The multi-stage stratification and availability method was used for sampling and the theoretical saturation rule was used to determine the sample size. In order to define and explain the concept of components of good governance and health policy-making, the library method and review of reference sources were used. 100 survey managers and experts in the Ministry of Health and Golestan, Mazandaran and Neishabour Universities of Medical Sciences were interviewed using a survey method and using a checklist tool (researcher-made (pairwise comparisons)). To analyze the data, Changchr('39')s improved fuzzy AHP method and Expert choice software were used.

Among the components of good governance (for the policy-making process of the Iranian health system), the rule of law included the most important component. After the rule of law, consensus and agreement, transparency, accountability, justice and fairness, effectiveness and efficiency and ethics were in the next ranks.

Good governance is a new narrative of concepts such as democracy, human rights and justice to pursue people-centered human development goals. The rankings obtained from the analyses of this research indicate the need to pay more attention to the rule of law in the health policy-making cycle. It is suggested that in designing the health sector of the seventh economic, social and cultural development plan, executive strategies are paid attention to strengthening the components of good governance, respectively.

The need to ensure safety and security is one of the most critical priorities for humans. Awareness of the safety status of buildings can prevent many accidents and damages. This study aimed to provide an algorithm for ranking the safety of institutional buildings to implement a tool to predict institutional buildings’ safety status in operation.

In this study a checklist was designed. In the next step, checklist items were weighted using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. Then, the safety rating algorithm of institutional buildings was developed based on the internal relationships of criteria. In the next stage, the tools provided for the institutional building of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were used, and its level of safety was assessed.

A 42-item checklist was designed based on three main criteria. Three main criteria including the "technical-service," "architectural," and "managerial" criteria gained local weights of 0.549, 0.313, and 0.136, respectively. The ranking algorithm of building safety was based on the results of weighting criteria and decision tree. Safety score of building was calibrated in a five points level from very good to very weak level. The results of safety assessment of institutional building of university using the proposed algorithm and formula showed a safety score of 13.27 and in moderate safety level.

The importance and weight of the criteria affecting the safety of the building are not the same. The items related to emergency exits and firefighting had the most impact on the safety score of in operation building. Most of the non-compliances in building safety inspection are seen in technical-service and architectural criteria.

Permit to work system  is a formal, documented and written system that aim to control risk of occupations that are considered potentially dangerous. The porpuse of this study was to identify and prioritize the criteria affecting the performance of the permit to work systeam  in an oil refinery.

The present study was designed and implemented in three steps. In the first step, by reviewing previous studies and conducting interviews with experts, the perimarly criteria were identified. In the second step, fuzzy delphi methode was used for determine the final criteria , in this step  opinions of 25 experts on the perimarly criteria were collected and combained . Finally,  fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used in order to weight and prioritize the identified criteria.

result of Fuzzy Delphi  methode was showed that six criteria,  risk identification and risk assessment, training and competence of individuals, preventive actions , communication, responsibility and coordination as criteria affecting the performance of the permit to work systeam . Prioritization of criteria using fuzzy hierarchical analysis showed that the criterion of responsibility )final weight 0.191( and coordination and communication criteria )final weight 0.134( have the highest and lowest importance among the identification criteria.

In this study, a model of decision making based on Delphi methods and fuzzy hierarchical analysis was introduced to identify the factors affecting the performance of the  permit to work system in an oil refinery.

Based on the Iranian Social Security Organization statistics, in 2012 the accidents occurring in the construction industry accounted for 26% of all the occupational accidents in the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the individual and occupational risk factors affecting the causes of occupational accidents in this industry using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis approach in Kurdistan province, Iran.

The individual and occupational risk factors affecting the occurrence of accidents in the construction industry were first identified. This was followed by completion of a questionnaire, designed based on the fuzzy hierarchical analysis, by 121 safety officials, safety officers, Labor Office inspectors, university occupational health professors and occupational health graduates in Kurdistan Province, Iran in 2019. Based on the minimum acceptable incompatibility rate of 0.1, 40 questionnaires were discarded and, so, only the remaining 81 questionnaires were analyzed. The data were analyzed based on the fuzzy hierarchical analysis approach.                                                   

Of the five individual factors and three occupational factors, the risk factor of unsuitable physical fitness for the assigned task and the risk factor of salary were found to have the highest weight risk factors, namely, 0.41 and 0.57, respectively.

Based on the results of the this study, it is suggested that in order to reduce the occurrence of accidents in the construction industry, the relevant project contractors should give due attention and priority to the financial concerns and physical fitness of the workforce.

Assessing and improving the quality of services in hospitals because deal with the health of humans is very important. The purpose of this study is to identify and weigh quality criteria and ranking of four hospitals in Mashhad. Materials &

The present study is of type  Applied Studies  that is a cross-sectional study conducted in the winter of 1396. In this study, by literature review, dimensions of service quality in the hospital was identified. Then, a paired comparison questionnaire (including 8 people) was used to conduct the survey. Then coefficients of importance of each dimension were calculated through the process of hierarchical analysis in a fuzzy environment. Decision-making matrix questionnaire was completed by a 400-person sample of patient companions in four hospitals.Then, hospitals were ranked using GRA-TOPSIS method. The validity of questionnaires were confirmed by the expert group. 

Using FAHP, knowledge and skills of medicine obtained the most important coefficient. Also, using GRA-TOPSIS, third hospital received the fourth place in the provision of services. Also in the third hospital the quality of access requires the greatest improvement. 

In addition to ranking hospitals based on quality of service criteria, the GRA-TOPSIS method is able to identify each hospitalchr('39')s weaknesses in each criterion. As a result, the priorities for improving the quality of service in each hospital were identified, and the hospital manager could work to improve performance on the criteria that he or she achieved with lower performance than other hospitals.

Supply chain integration has always had a positive impact on the quality of patient care. Given the enormous impact of the health system on citizens' lives and the complexity of the supply chain in this system, the aim of the present study was to identify and rank the effective factors on hospital supply chain integration and then propose a model.

Library studies and a focus group meeting consisted of 4 experts in the field of medical equipment and procurement were used to identify the factors affecting supply chain integration. The opinions of 4 hospital experts were also used to rank the criteria and sub-criteria. The ranking technique used is fuzzy hierarchical analysis.

11 sub-criteria related to external supply chain integration and 9 sub-criteria related to internal supply chain integration were identified. These sub-criteria were then subdivided into three criteria: information management, relationship management, and operations management. In terms of external integration, the criteria for managing relationships and sub-criteria of our commitment to the parties, supply chain program and long-term working relationship were most important. Also, in terms of internal integration of information management criteria and sub-criteria having IT platforms and the process of executing internal purchases were more important than other criteria and sub-criteria.

The model of supply chain integration of medical equipment was presented in terms of internal and external dimensions and the following important factors of each of these dimensions along with their weight. Finally, based on the above findings, practical suggestions have been made to improve the integrity of the hospital supply chain in the field of medical equipment. This model is very effective in improving the health system and quality of patient care.

HSE performance assessment is one of important requirement for HSE improvement. Apparently, the previous HSE performance assessment models have not considered all of the performance assessment criteria. On the other hand, foreign models can not culturally be applied in describing HSE performance in Iranian organizations. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of developing a new model for assessing and ranking of HSE performance.
In this expanding practical study, firstly, previous existed HSE performance models were identified; afterwards, common and distinct criteria were extracted. Simultaneously, interviewing with experts was done and performance assessing criteria were recognized. For each criterion, some sub criteria and for each sub criterion, some bullet points were extracted. Finally, the weights of criteria and sub criteria were detected by paired comparison and Fuzzy analytical hierarchical process.
HSE performance assessment model was made of 9 criteria including safety results, health results, environment results, processes, economical and sociocultural results, policy and strategy, leadership, partnerships and resources, and human resources weighted respectively with 19 subcriteria and 157 guidance points.
Results criteria weighted more in comparison with enablers criteria. It was shown that processes, policy and strategy, and leadership weighted most part of enablers.. Processes weighted the highest score in enablers. Safety results gained the greatest rank of the results weight.

Historical textures have become one of the most vulnerable urban textures during the crisis due to the severe physical decay, structural instability, and lack of proper accessibility; therefore, site selection of the crisis management bases is essential for these textures. In this research, site selection of crisis management bases in the historical texture of Shiraz city is investigated. In this applied and descriptive-analytical research, the combination of GIS and FAHP model, the paired comparison of the criteria, the determination of the weight of the criteria, and the provision of the information layers maps has been used for site selection of the bases. In addition, Gogos and Boucher's method have been used in order to calculate the consistency rate in the judgments. Findings: Four criteria were identified as the effective factors in site selection of crisis management bases including physical desirability (grain, stability, land use), accessibility (closeness, straightness, gravity, betweenness and reach/access), adjacency to compatible land uses (green space, health centers, police stations, fire stations) and finally non-adjacency with incompatible land uses (hazardous installations, high-rise buildings). Physical desirability and adjacency with incompatible land uses criteria with the weight of 0/356; then, accessibility measures with the weight of 0/195 and adjacency to compatible land uses with the weight of 0/114 had respectively the most importance in the site selection of the crises management bases. The results showed that because of the lack of desirable accessibility, it is appropriate to consider the accessibility criteria for the site selection of the crisis management bases in the historical textures. After overlaying the maps of the information layers, two options such as the library of Holy Shrine of Shahecheragh and Pars Museum were introduced as the location of crisis management bases in the historical texture of Shiraz.

Growing the number of private institutions offering health care and fierce competitive market conditions in the private hospitals industry cause to pressure these hospitals to provide high-quality services. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction in private hospitals of the Guilan province.
Based on standard model of Büyüközkan et al (2011) a new dimension professionalism to SERVQUAL model was added that has used six dimensions including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and professionalism as the dimensions of service quality. The number of samples was 360 patients hospitalized in four private hospitals and a standard questionnaire was used to assess the quality of services. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Simple and Multiple Linear Regression was used to analyze the data and then by using ANOVA and Duncan’s and by Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process technique, ranking of private hospitals was performed.
Four dimensions: tangibles, responsiveness, empathy and professionalism on patient satisfaction have been found to be effective while Components of trust and assurance in private hospitals of the Guilan province had no significance effect.
Based on the effects of service quality dimensions except trust and assurance recommend that hospitals can increase patient satisfaction if they pay special attention to patient in empathy, updating facilities and technology in tangibles, fast response to patient in responsiveness, employing professional and skilled human resources in professionalism dimensions.

One of the main dilemmas of the human community has been municipal waste landfills. Various methods have been developed to manage municipal wastes in which landfills are the final destination apart from the used technologies. Given the sensitivity of this issue, identifing areas approriate for landfilling requires the application of comprehensive techniques. The objective of the present research is to select the most appropriate place for municipal wastes landfilling using geographical information systems, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy TOPSIS. Initially the effective factors in choosing landfill location was inquired from various institution and were standardized and analysed using geographical information systems. Then every criterion was weighted according to expert opinion and FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process). Then, FTOPSIS (Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was used to prioritize the options. Each method was programmed in MATLAB. Thirty six suitable options were calculated through running the above mentioned methods. Then, two options that were located in the south east of the current landfilling (in Kulik) and Pakdasht city were selected as the best location for landfilling. Results showed that the selected landfills are located at a better position compared to the current one. And this integrated approach, showed a better performance than others due to taking into account the inexact nature of the phenomena both at weighting and ranking stages.