جنین

One of the factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy is the primary body mass index (BMI) and the amount of weight gain during pregnancy. This study aimed to check the relationship between mother's initial body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 455 pregnant women referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from August 2021 to August 2022. These pregnant women were included in the study through easy and accessible sampling. The mother's initial weight was recorded through the mother's health card. The height of the mother was measured using a standard meter and the final weight of the mother before delivery was measured using a standard scale available in the department. Other information of the mothers was extracted from their records. Weight gain during pregnancy and initial body mass index were calculated and divided into four categories, less than normal, normal, overweight and obese. Maternal-fetal complications were included in the information registration form. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS version 24 software were used to analyze the data.

The average age of women was 27.56±6.82 years. Body mass index of more than 40% of them (44.4%) was normal (19.8-26) and more than 45% of them were overweight 11.5-16 (45.5%). There was a significant relationship between initial body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy (P=0.001), gestational diabetes (P=0.001) and newborn weight (P=0.019). There was also a significant relationship between weight gain during pregnancy with premature birth (P=0.001), vaginal delivery (P=0.001), gestational diabetes (P=0.001) and newborn Apgar (P=0.001).

High body mass index of the mother and weight gain during pregnancy can cause complications in the mother and the fetus. Therefore, prenatal care should be done more carefully and health care providers should place mothers who have abnormal body mass index and inappropriate weight gain in pregnancy in the high-risk group and under special care to minimize maternal and fetal complications.

Pre-eclampsia (PE) can cause brain damage before birth. However, its mechanism is not clear. The present study evaluated the effect of cinnamic acid (CIN) on the expression of inflammatory cytokines of the forebrain and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of PE model fetuses induced with l-NAME.

25 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (no treatment), PE+NS group (daily injection of 250 mg l-NAME from embryonic day (ED) 15 to 20 to induce PE and then one hour later normal saline gavage), PE+CIN25, PE+CIN50 and PE+CIN100 groups (CIN gavage with doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg, respectively, one hour after l-NAME injection). On the ED21, after cesarean section, the fetal brain was dissected. The content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the forebrain and cell density in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the fetal hippocampus were measured.

A significant increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the forebrain along with a decrease in neuronal density in the CA1/CA3 regions was seen in the PE+NS group compared to the control group (p<0.05). While in the groups receiving CIN, they showed a significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the forebrain and an increase in CA1/CA3 neuronal density compared to the PE+NS group (p<0.05).

CIN improved the inflammation and reduced cell damage in the hippocampus of PE model fetuses through modulating the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the fetal forebrain.

 Sometimes parents want their child's birth to be registered on a certain date and they request early delivery without valid medical reason. From the point of view of medical science, changing the birth date brings complications and risks for the mother. Now this question is raised: Is it possible to endanger the mother’s life and health by interfering with the delivery time?

 This descriptive-analytical article was conducted with a library and documentary method. In order to obtain a decree of elective cesarean section, taking into account the physical personality of the mother, the evidences of two possibilities "permissibility" and "non-permissibility" were presented. The evidence of the verdict in favor of permission was rejected with the expression "contradictory answer". Then, according to the importance of preserving the life and health of the body in the verses and traditions, the ruling of "non-permissibility" of elective cesarean section was proved.

 The results indicate that from a medical point of view, changing the date of birth brings complications for the mother; including infection, bleeding, damage to internal organs, etc. From the point of view of jurists, parents cannot endanger mother’s health and life and harm her physical personality by choosing the desired date of birth of their child.

To assist save endangered species from extinction and to aid in their care, it is crucial to sustaining their reproductive capacity. The fetus's life and growth processes begin at conception and proceed in accordance with a biological clock's timing. With today's understanding through cryobiology, observing scientific ethics problems and interfering with the clock's operation by stopping its biological time is possible. Practically, it is accomplished by storing the cell at -196 °C, or the temperature of liquid nitrogen, where all metabolic activity ceases. Since 200 years ago, germ cell preservation has been a common practice. Since then, there have been many improvements, particularly for at-risk women. Since then, significant progress has been achieved, and several freezing techniques are being used to preserve ovarian tissue, follicles, and oocytes in women who are at risk of infertility. Different approaches have different levels of success. Among preservation techniques, vitrification performs better and is used more frequently. The cellular configuration of the mammalian oocyte is intricate. This cell's constituent parts are particularly sensitive to osmosis and variations in temperature. For instance, the alterations to the cell membrane that occur during maturation, in vitro fertilization, and the differential between the permeability of water and cryoprotectants can all be mentioned. Oocyte freezing results in a variety of impairments, including a reduction in the quality and viability of cells after thawing.

Recent studies are looking for ways to enhance freezing procedures and raise the caliber of frozen oocytes. The favorable or negative effects of freezing on the oocyte and its potential, or embryo development, are the subject of this review article.

According to the Qur’an, the words of the Prophet (PBUH) are based on divine revelation and have thesame characteristics of truth and correctness. Therefore, if a definite quote from the Prophet (PBUH) has reached us, Ali Al-Qaeda will not be inconsistent with the definite evidence of natural sciences. But some people have not reflected this truth and therefore they have started raising various doubts. The purpose of a group of these doubts (such as the doubts explained in this research) is to prove the conflict between medical findings and the narrations narrated from the Prophet (PBUH) regarding thesex-determining factor. The purpose of the present research is to solve the aforementioned conflict by referring to the definitive findings of medical science, lexical and conceptual analysis of the narration and interpretation of Akbar Hadith. This research was conducted according to the method of descriptive data collection and based on library sources. The research method in this research is content analysis, which is used to examine the obvious content of the messages in a text, the most important of which is to describe the characteristics of a text and also to infer aspects of the message. Based on medical findings, changes in factors such as temperature and pH in the reproductive system ofwomen after ovulation affect the survival time of sperms carrying the Y or X chromosome, and in this way, one of them prevails over the other in are counted Therefore, the interpretation of predominance or predominance of male sperm over female in prophetic traditions as a factor in determining gender is in complete agreement with medical findings.

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT) is one of the most frequently prenatally diagnosed neoplasias. SCT is classified into four types regarding its location. Type 4 tumors are usually diagnosed in the postnatal period and have higher potential for malignancy. we report a case of type 4 SCT that detected by ultrasonography at a gestational of 21.6 weeks. Ultrasound scan in our hospital showed a cystic lesion with septation (39.5 × 14.3 × 8.62 mm) in the fetal sacrococcygeal region. Tumor growth and heart failure monitored with serial scans. At 39 weeks of gestation cesarean section was performed due to previous cesarean. Afterward surgery was performed successfully at 72 hours of life. The pathologic diagnosis was Mature cystic teratoma. Follow up controls revealed normal and healthy child growth.

Abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) are used in IVF/ICSI methods to transfer the embryo into the uterine cavity. Since these methods have limitations, the present study was conducted with aim to compare them and their effect on pregnancy outcome.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2018-2022 on 522 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in the Fertility Unit of Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran. After reviewing the files, the patients were divided into two groups of embryo transfer with transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound. After collecting demographic information, pregnancy outcomes including chemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy, abortion under 10 weeks, ectopic pregnancy and the duration of embryo transfer were compared in the two groups. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 26) and Mann-Whitney and Pearson Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.

The frequency of chemical and clinical pregnancy and abortion was higher in the TAUS group, however, the incidence of EP was higher in the TVUS group (p>0.05). Also, the duration of embryo transfer using TAUS was longer compared to TVUS, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The number of transferred embryos was equal in both groups, but the number of 5-day embryos was higher in the TAUS group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05).

There was no difference between abdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound in terms of pregnancy outcomes.

Vaginal delivery is a natural physiological process that can be a critical experience for women. One of the factors involved in avoiding vaginal delivery is childbirth self-efficacy. Self-efficacy affects all aspects of behavior and emotional activities, including attachment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and maternal attachment to the fetus in nulliparous pregnant women.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 323 nulliparous pregnant women who attended health centers in Zahedan city from 2020-2021. Data were collected using participants’ demographic questionnaire, Lowe’s childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire, and Cranely’s maternal attachment to the fetus questionnaire.

Maternal attachment style to the fetus showed a significant direct correlation with childbirth self-efficacy. Maternal attachment style to the fetus predicted childbirth self-efficacy (P=0.003, r=0.16), explaining 2.7% of the variance of childbirth self-efficacy.

The results suggest that helping mothers accept their motherly role and improving maternal attachment to the fetus can increase childbirth self-efficacy. Educational programs during pregnancy should include training related to strengthening maternal attachment to the fetus. As women with high childbirth self-efficacy have a greater ability to perform vaginal delivery, it may increase their desire for vaginal delivery.

Echocardiographic measurement of ventricular elastance is essential for evaluating cardiac function. With the technological advancements in echocardiography devices, assessing fetal heart function has become more accurate. Ventricular elastance reflects ventricular function, while arterial elastance measures ventricular afterload. Ventricular-arterial coupling demonstrates the interaction between the ventricle and artery. This study aimed to estimate ventricular end-systolic elastance, arterial elastance, and ventricular-arterial coupling using a non-invasive echocardiographic method.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 67 fetuses with a gestational age of 19-24 weeks (38 female fetuses and 29 male fetuses) and 43 infants aged 10-60 days (25 female and 18 male) referred to the cardiac echocardiography clinic of the Children's Medical Center over a period of 14 months. Mothers and infants were healthy, and there was no structural heart disease in the fetuses and infants. Those with abnormal rhythm, a vague view, and an unfavorable quality of Doppler signal were excluded. Ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ea), arterial elastance (Ees), and ventricular-arterial coupling (Ea/Ees) were compared in fetuses with the calculated values in newborns. An estimation of the normal value for ventricular and arterial elastances and ventricular-arterial coupling in healthy fetuses and newborns were obtained.

The mean arterial elastance of fetuses and newborns was determined as 84.4±20.04 mmHg/ml and 12.6±2.88 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The mean ventricular elastance of fetuses and newborns was 88.5±20.49 mmHg/ml and 15.07±2.89 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). Fetal and newborn ventricular-arterial coupling were calculated as 0.96±0.14 mmHg/ml and 0.84±0.13 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05).

The amounts of arterial and ventricular elastance and ventricular-arterial coupling in fetuses were significantly higher than infants and decreased with increasing age.

The fetus is the source of many stem cells that have great potential in repairing and regenerating different tissues and can differentiate into various types of cells including osteoblast and adipocyte. However, less attention has been paid to the isolation and differentiation ability of these cells in the culture medium. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the isolation method, proliferation, and differentiation of fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) derived from rat fetuses.

In this experimental study, fMSCs were isolated from 15-day-old rat fetuses using trypsin enzymatic digestion and they were cultured up to 3th passage. Then, the fMSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated into osteoblast and adipocyte cells. Cell proliferation and expression of osteogenesis- and adipogenesis-related genes were investigated in differentiated cells.

Cell surface markers of fMSCs at passage 3 were positive for CD105 and CD90 and negative for CD45 and CD34. These cells exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. These cells had calcium deposition in osteogenic differentiation and accumulation of fat droplets in adipogenic differentiation. The osteogenesis-related genes including osteonectin, ALP, BMP-6, and Runx-2, and adipogenesis-related genes such as PPARγ and CREBBP were expressed in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation cultures, respectively.

According to the findings of the present study, it seems that mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rat fetuses have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblast or adipogenic lineages.

The tendency to be beautiful is one of the inner desires of human beings, for this purpose, cosmetic surgery is performed in addition to repairing the appearance defects, with the aim of maintaining the mental-psychological balance of the person. But the main challenge is that the pregnant lady (both the real mother and the contract mother) by insisting on the right to reign over her organs, due to the injuries caused by various accidents during pregnancy, intends to undergo cosmetic surgery in combination and at the same time. Do therapy along with surgery. This issue is incompatible with examining the statement that any positive or negative behavior of the mother affects the health of the fetus, thereby preventing the right of the fetus to health. The purpose of the discussion is to state which one is preferable in the conflict between the right to beauty of the pregnant mother and the right to the well-being of the fetus.

The current research is evaluated with the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library studies, the solution to the clash of rights.

Ethical Considerations:

 The current research has been compiled in compliance with the principles of ethics, trustworthiness, honesty and originality of the texts.

In solving the conflict between the rights of the mother and the fetus, taking into account the heavy weight of the right of the fetus, preferring the least harm to the most harm, taking the important and leaving the important and expedient rulings, the right to the well-being of the fetus is a priority. Relying on medical data, cosmetic procedures requiring the use of injectable anesthetics due to negative effects on the fetus, sclerotherapy due to passing through the placenta, fillers and waxing are not allowed due to the lack of evidence of their safety in pregnant patients. The use of local anesthetics and peels is relatively safe compared to the above; however, caution should be taken during pregnancy.

The answer to the health of the fetus compared to the distorted symmetry habit of pregnant women, therefore, reconstructive-cosmetic surgery during pregnancy is a priority for them.

"Mother" is the full point of regulations in abortion treatment. In the family and youth protection law, the legislator removed the scope of abortion treatment by adopting a strict and limited approach and the incurable disease of the fetus from the examples of abortion treatment, however, this situation causes embarrassment to the mother. This possibility exists only in the case of an incurable disease of the fetus and the danger of the mother's life. A situation that not only embarrasses the mother, but also puts the child in a difficult situation. While, in the matter of abortion, the goal is to balance the interests of the mother and the fetus. In this field, the legislator should create an ideal balance between the right of the mother to spend her pregnancy and the right to the life of the fetus, as a fundamental right. This balance can be created by creating a correct border between therapeutic abortion and criminal abortion.

This research was done using descriptive-analytical method.

Ethical Considerations: 

In the present study, adherence to the scientific method, ethical principles, fiduciary duty and intellectual and intellectual property have been respected.

Modern social needs require the legislator to expand the field of abortion to other cases where there is a clear risk to the mother or the fetus, whether the pregnancy has a legitimate or illegitimate origin.

It is clear that economic, social and cultural situations are not fixed; the rules governing them also change. In a situation where there is a narrow border between health and crime, it is appropriate for the legislator to take appropriate measures to remove some cases of abortion from the criminal field to medical treatment, taking into account various considerations. In this regard, selfish insistence on the goal of population growth and exclusive use of some jurisprudential opinions ends up at the cost of sacrificing the health of the population and disrupts the desired ideal balance; It is necessary to aim for the quality and dynamics of the population. A goal that is not far away; Maximum use of jurisprudential opinions and optimal use of the opinions of contemporary thinkers are the way to achieve it.

The right to life as one of the most fundamental and basic human rights, which is also given serious attention in Islam, sometimes conflicts like the life of the mother and abortion. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the application of the Mysore rule on the life of the mother and the fetus.

The research method is descriptive and analytical using library studies with a survey tool.

Ethical Considerations:

 In all stages of writing the present research, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been respected.

Despite the acceptance of the validity of the Mysore rule by most of the jurists and despite the fact that they also accept the scope of its implication in general duties, but in the discussion of paying attention to the inherent dignity of human beings in the sense of actual and potential human beings and healthy and defective fetuses from the point of view of medical science and also, before and after the passing of the soul, there are many differences, which is probably due to the lack of solid foundations from the beginning, which is caused by purely paying attention to the narrations with different interpretations and interpretations of them in the direction of individual jurisprudence without considering it is social interests and the objectives of Sharia.

Although the first principle is the sanctity of abortion, but based on the implication of the Mysore rule and the removal of obstacles and the use of conflict with the rule of reason in preferring and recognizing the preservation of the life of the mother over the fetus, in certain cases abortion by the mother herself is permissible and she can to perform an abortion personally, without the fact that qisas and diya are obligatory on her.

Objective :

Fetal rights are important in terms of being human being and being potential. The nature of these rights has received less attention from families and medical staff in Iran. The present study aims to compare the legal aspects of fetal rights from conception to birth in national and international laws.
In this narrative review study, a search was conducted in Google Scholar MagIran, SID, and PubMed databases for related studies conducted from 2000 to 2022. 

Methods:

 Keywords including fetal dignity, Fetal right, mother dignity, and childbirth rights were used in Persian and English. All articles that addressed the status of “fetal rights” were included. Those reported the laws for the fetus were excluded from the study.

Results :

Out of 1570 articles, 15 eligible articles were selected. Lack of awareness of fetal rights in developing counties and limitations in some legal basis resulted in intentional abortions, unnecessary labor induction, request for cesarean section by the mother or father, and lack of attention to the existence and health of the fetus and unwanted harms to it. Fetal rights based on the principle of dignity and the preservation of physical, mental and human existence were of special importance in developed countries and have important laws.

Conclusion :

Lack if a fetal's dignity law in Iran can impose harms on the society, in addition to numerous physical and psychological harms to the fetus.

Hypoxia is one of the most common clinical stresses that occur during pregnancy, which has adverse effects on fetal development. Fish oil, with its antioxidant properties, prevents fetal disorders during pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fish oil on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal dimensions caused by hypoxia during gestation in rats.

In this experimental study, 36 female pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of control, hypoxia, fish oil 0.5 ml, fish oil 1 ml, hypoxia+fish oil 0.5 ml, and hypoxia + fish oil 1 ml. Fish oil was administered by gavage, and the hypoxia model was established between 6 and 15 days of gestation by 3 hours of daily exposure to 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryos were removed from the uterus. First, the number of obtained embryos from each group was counted. Then, in terms of apparent abnormalities, the number of live fetuses and fetal resorption was evaluated. Finally, the length and weight of the fetuses were measured.

The frequency of embryos with apparent abnormalities in the hypoxia and control groups was 18.18% and nil, respectively. The frequency of fetal resorptions in the hypoxia and control groups was 27.27% and 1.92%, respectively. Moreover, fetal weight and length were significantly reduced in the hypoxia group compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, the average weight and length of fetuses in the hypoxia groups receiving fish oil showed a significant increase compared to the hypoxia group (P<0.05).

Hypoxia during pregnancy in rats reduces fetal body dimensions and increases fetal abnormalities. However, fish oil can reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal body dimensions during pregnancy.

Ginger in Iranian traditional medicine is known as an effective plant in reducing menopausal symptoms and treating osteoporosis. Therefore, in this study, the effects of ginger on the skeletal system in the fetus and the level of bone formation factors in the mice were investigated.

In this study, 40 pregnant Balb/c mice were equally divided into four groups 1) control group 2) group receiving 100 mg/kg ginger hydroalcoholic extract orally, 3) group receiving 500 mg/kg ginger hydroalcoholic extract orally and 4) group receiving 1000 mg/kg ginger hydroalcoholic extract orally. Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue staining methods were used to examine the embryo skeletal system. Osteogenesis length and bony area of femur and tibia as well as the length, width, and height of the skull in the embryos were measured. Blood samples were taken on the 19th day of pregnancy to evaluate bone formation factors in pregnant mice and biochemical factors were measured in blood samples.

Evaluations showed that the length of femur and tibia and osteogenesis index in the treated groups relatively increased compared to the control group. Biochemical studies showed a significant increase in calcium, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase levels in the group receiving 1000 mg/kg ginger hydroalcoholic extract compared to the control group.

The results of this study showed that ginger hydroalcoholic extract can be effective in increasing osteogenesis in the embryos and reducing the risk of osteoporosis in mothers.

Every year, it is estimated that 2.3 million unsafe abortions (pregnancy terminations performed by a person without the necessary skills or in an environment without adequate medical standards) among teenage girls between the ages of 15 and 15. 19 years old is done. This figure accounts for approximately 15% of the global incidence of unsafe abortion (22 million), and abortion-related deaths among girls and young women account for approximately one-third of abortion-related deaths worldwide. constitutes Furthermore, the focus of policy and programmatic attention remains primarily on 15-19-year-olds, creating a significant gap in our understanding of the sexual and reproductive experiences of 10-14-year-olds, and it is estimated that particularly in areas Very poor of the world (545 million people) pregnancy leads to unsafe abortion. Most cases of unsafe abortion are concentrated in low- and middle-income countries, where the 10-14-year-old population is relatively the largest, and many countries have restrictions. The potential for sexual and reproductive harm among adolescents is a current and growing threat, yet our understanding of abortion in this group is insufficient to adequately address their needs through programmatic and policy interventions. In most cases, this abortion means that the egg or sperm has the wrong number of chromosomes and as a result, the fertilized egg could not develop normally. We must remember that the importance and unique role of man in the system of creation, as well as the beginning and end of his life, have always been studied by divine thinkers and religions. Abortion as a social and therapeutic phenomenon has long been customary in most societies and nations, and especially its social type in the last century, in economically and industrially advanced societies have increased more and more and is still increasing. Abortion is one of the current problems of human societies, and its dramatic increase results from unrestrainedness and disturbances that pollute the face of societies. Because of the dignity that Islam considers for human beings, even for the stage of coagulation of the sperm and before the soul is breathed, Islam places a special value on the fetus. The studies conducted show that there is illegal abortion in Iran. Most of it is done secretly and by non-specialists, however, legally and officially, except in very limited cases, abortion is not licensed. According to recently announced statistics, about one and a half million births and 300,000 abortions take place in Iran every year, some of which are intentional and others are unintentional. A lot of research has been done on abortion, but it can be seen that abortion is spreading in all countries. Therefore, it is important to research its effectiveness and medical and jurisprudential opinions.

In this review study, the idea and scientific view of medical experts, as well as rational and customary reasons, were among the things that have been paid attention to in this research. Also, the major fatwas of contemporary Shiite jurists and scholars regarding human abortion were discussed and investigated. The focus of the discussion is mostly based on jurisprudential opinion, and based on the explanation and analysis of their jurisprudential opinion, the author's point of view was also given.

In medical science, abortion issues and complications and ways to help the mother were taken into consideration, and during the last 3 decades, the death rate related to abortion has decreased significantly. However, the key to reducing mortality is patient education and increased awareness among healthcare workers about the potentially fatal complications that can follow abortion. At the same time, it is deduced from the Islamic texts, whether the verses of the Quran or the hadiths, that abortion has bad consequences for the physical and mental health of a person.

In general, it can be acknowledged that medically and legally, abortion has conditions that are dangerous for the mother's health if it is not those conditions. It should be kept in mind that the sanctity of abortion is not an absolute and permanent issue from the point of view of most jurists. In many cases, it is exceptional and according to the conditions under which the abortion takes place or what purpose it pursues, it is different. For each of those cases, a suitable solution or a specific jurisprudential ruling has been provided. In matters of jurisprudence, everyone should follow the point of view of his authority. Qatabah of Islamic jurists considers abortion at any stage of pregnancy as haram and non-Sharia, if there is no valid reason for it. Also, most abortions are simple, and some of them are associated with complications that can be life-threatening. Due to the high complications of abortion, an interprofessional team including an obstetrician, radiologist, triage nurses, nurse practitioner, general surgeon, urologist, and infectious disease specialist is recommended. Most patients with complications after abortion go to the emergency room and are first visited by a triage nurse. The triage nurse should be familiar with possible complications after abortion and quickly accept the patient and warn the interprofessional team. In addition to acute bleeding, complications after abortion can include septic shock, bladder or bowel perforation, and possibly ectopic pregnancy, which can lead to high mortality if not diagnosed in time. A thorough physical examination, including the pelvis, should be performed immediately to ensure that there are no injuries. The anesthesia and operating room nurses should be informed if the patient needs urgent surgery.