جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حلال » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In the present study, the solvent effect (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) of the extraction on the content of phenol, flavonoid, and the antioxidant activity of six medicinal plants, including Persian oak fruit hull (Quercus brantii), Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, Teucrium polium, Rosa foetida Herrm, and mountain barberry (Berberis integerrima) was investigated.

To measure phenol and flavonoid content, folin ciocaltio and aluminum chloride reagents were used, respectively, and to measure the antioxidant potential, the DPPH method was used. The content of phenol and flavonoid compounds was calculated as mg equivalent of gallic acid and catechin per gram of dry weight of the plant, respectively. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 14).

According to the obtained results, the amount of phenol and flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of oak fruit hull Quercus brantii, Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, and mountain barberry was more than the aqueous extract, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest content of phenol and flavonoid were related to the hydroalcoholic extract of oak by 310.2 ± 2.5 mg/g and 241.2 ± 1 mg/g, respectively, and the lowest amounts were related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (53.1±1.1 mg/g) and the aqueous extract of acorn (23.9±1.5 mg/g), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50) was related to oak fruit-hull hydroalcoholic extract (39.1±4.4 µg/ml), and the lowest was related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (315.3±3.3 µg/ml).

The findings of this study showed that the solvent used to extract plants is a significant factor in separation of phenol and flavonoid compounds as well as their antioxidant activity.

The issue of non-halal therapy is one of the important topics of medicine in Islamic societies, which is necessary, to be examined from a jurisprudential point of view. Prohibiting the use of taboos and complying with Shariah rules sometimes make the patient face difficulty and difficulty in treatment. Based on this, the question is raised, how the legitimacy of non-halal therapy can be justified by referring to the rule of "Hardship brings ease?" In what case does it become the basis for a therapist's license? While criticizing and examining the arguments of the opponents of non-halal therapy, the legitimacy of therapy in two stages of the patient's difficulty in accessing and using halal was examined. The presence of obstacles such as sanctions, hoarding of medicine and its supply at exorbitant prices, lack of a same-sex doctor or exorbitant costs of visiting a same-sex doctor makes it difficult for the patient to receive halal treatment. Also, sometimes the type of halal treatment may cause the patient to face difficulties in the treatment due to some reasons. In this article, while accepting the basic principle of halal treatment and prohibiting haram treatment for patients who have halal medicine easily available to them, with reference to verses, narrations and rational evidences, the causes of the patient's suffering and the ways outof the resulting losses have been investigated.

The thinking method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the library data collection method was carried out using Shia and Sunni jurisprudence books.

Ethical Considerations:

 In all stages of writing, while respecting the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Fear of use, lack of permission and excuse in access to permission are among the examples of difficulty and embarrassment in treatment.

The fear of death, organ failure, exacerbation and spread of the disease are among the losses that the removal of such losses causes to replace solutions in treatment; which, despite its original sanctity, its sanctity is negated by referring to the rule of "Hardship brings ease".

 Halal tourism is a type of tourism that expands according to the religious standards of Muslims. But this policy regarding halal tourism in our country, Iran, has not been given as much attention as it should, and this gap is tangible in the planning on halal tourism. The research aims to investigate the implementation model of halal tourism policies in Iran to attract Muslim tourists to the extent of their capacities.

 The method (qualitative and quantitative) has been used among the community of experts who are aware of the halal tourism policy based on a sample size of 30 people. Since the real experiences of people were examined in this research, the phenomenological (inductive) method was used in the qualitative part. After interviewing the experts in this field and using Claysey's interview method, the main and secondary themes regarding tourism policies were also counted. Also, in the quantitative section, the main and secondary themes were reviewed in the form of a questionnaire by 133 professors and faculty members in this field.

 Halal tourism in Iran is based on the permissibility of the policy of halal tourism in Iran, the effect of the nature of the policy, the effect of the factors related to the implementers, the obstacles to the implementation of the requirements, the method of implementation, the role and relationship of the society with the issue of model design, implementation and the role of the factors of compilation and taking from Halal tourism has been approved in Iran.

In terms of cultural, historical, and social richness and the human need for travel, recreation, and in accordance with Islamic standards, the patterns and policies of halal tourism in Iran will be useful.

Halal Sustenance is one of the most significant and influential issues in human life and religious teachings, especially Holy Quran, God refers to it in several verses and in different forms so the word “Sustenance” with its derivatives is used 123 times in Quran. The purpose of this research is to create a culture of halal Sustenance based on Quranic teachings. 

 This research, focusing on Quranic verses and using narrations and books of commentaries, seeks to explain the culture of using halal sustenance from the perspective of religious teachings, especially the Holy Quran. This research has been done by the library study method and the necessary information has been collected and analyzed; Therefore, the research method in this article is descriptive-analytical.

 The importance of halal sustenance and its status has been stated in religious texts, especially the Holy Quran and the Holy Quran needs to be applied in Islamic society for the culturalization of halal sustenance in public and personal life and it has been tried that what is important in the author’s opinion in the field of halal sustenance according to the Holy Quran is that the main provider is Allah and varieties of sustenance named in the Holy Quran are: Hassan, karim, tayyib, known, without measure; and also reasons that can bring sustenance based on the Holy Quran are: devotion, obedience, charity and etc.

Halal sustenance has a high status in the Quran, and in several verses, God, in addition to explaining halal sustenance and its attributes, expresses the underlying factors of sustenance. In the Quran, there is a lot of emphasis on culturizing halal sustenance in life and paying attention to nutrition, which results in culturizing the Quranic teachings, including halal sustenance in Islamic society.

The issue of treatment of haram is one of the important medical issues that need to be studied from a jurisprudential point of view. Homosexual and ... deals with haram treatment. Shiite and Sunni jurists in case of emergency, the legitimacy of haram treatment is subject to the monopoly of treatment to haram; The monopoly of treatment is also realized if it is not prescribed and in case of treatment with halal, it is forbidden to eliminate any necessity with haram. The existence of mandoheh is discussed.me, Yabad. The presence of the mandouha has become very intense.

This research has been done in a library and descriptive-analytical manner using Shiite and Sunni jurisprudential books.

In all stages of writing, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

In connection with the jurisprudential ruling of monopolizing treatment to haram, sometimes the monopoly of treatment is conceivable if it is not included and knowledge of haram treatment, which is also the case with all Shiite and Sunni jurists. Existence of incontinence and difficulty in accessing the solvent, Existence of incontinence and inconvenience in using halal medicine, Existence of incontinence and urgency to a certain type of treatment due to fear of danger to life, organ failure or any unbearable harm is conceivable.

If the treatment of the patient in spite of the cause, for some reason causes hardship or causes any irreparable damage; Halal is presumed to be "absence"; according to the rule of urgency, the treatment of the patient is considered to be limited to haram medicine, and the condition of non-compliance is also fulfilled in this case.Please cite this article as:Rezaei E, Rostami Ghafas Abadi AR. Monopoly on Forbidden Treatment Despite the Alternative of Halal from the Perspective of Shia and Sunni Jurists. Medical Law Journal. 2022; 16(57): e40.

Date palm seeds are obtained as waste in many date packing and processing workshops and have extensive therapeutic properties in traditional medicine.

In this study different cultivars of date seeds (Kaluteh, Mardasang, Khanizi and Mozafati) were dried by two methods (sun and oven dried), then their extracts were obtained using methanol (80%), ethanol (50%) and hot water on solvents at 6, 12 and 18 hours of extraction. The amount of phenolic compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity by DPPH method and soluble fiber by AOAC standard analysis method were determined.

The results showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were obtained in Mordasang cultivar by sun drying method, methanol of 80% and 18 hours of extraction time respectively (10.08,93.38%) , in Kaluteh cultivar by sun drying method, hot water extraction and 12 hours of extraction time, respectively (8.03,87.94%) in Khanizi cultivar by oven drying method, ethanol of 50% and 18 hours of extraction time respectively(7.36, 71.91%)  and in Mazafati cultivar by sun drying method, methanol of 80% and 12 hours of extraction time, respectively (8.48, 88.95%). The highest and lowest amount of insoluble fiber were observed in Mordasang cultivar by sun drying method and Mozafati cultivar by sun drying method, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of soluble fiber were related to Kaluteh cultivar by sun drying method and Khanizi cultivar by oven drying method.

In general, this study showed that the seeds of different date cultivars in the Jiroft region, despite having anti-radical properties and rich in natural antioxidants, are affected by variety and drying method.

 Today, the role of brands in the success of a product has become much more important than in the past and the issue of "halal" has been introduced in the commercial and economic field as a "brand". On the other hand, if attention is paid to the desired quality of the product, it will lead to the creation of a brand called "Tayyeb".

 The present study was conducted with the aim of determining and presenting effective strategies in the field of design and commercialization of "Tayyeb" brand. Therefore, the data, statistics and library information collected from the experiences of forming a global halal brand were studied descriptively-analytically and also some information was obtained from field surveys (through interviews with experts). The obtained data set was evaluated using 4 and 9 cell matrices.

 The findings indicated that in order to "design and commercialize the Tayyeb logo" based on the position in the 4 cells matrix, one should try to move forward by improving internal factors and taking advantage of the opportunities ahead. However, the position of this issue in the 9 cells matrix indicated that the appropriate strategy is selective investment and optimization and moving towards investment and its growth and development.

Based on the results, Iran can enter aggressively in the first place and also in the second place in the field of commercialization of Tayyeb brand.

The food industry includes a great variety of products depending on the needs of consumers. At present, attention to food ingredients, nutritional value and their health is increasing all over the world. Also, it is important for Muslims to confirm the authenticity of halal foods. Therefore, in recent years, the origin of food products has been studied using various chemical, molecular and genetic methods.

Edible oils and fats are used directly or in the formulation of food products that halal confirmation of them is important. Different methods might be used for identifying these components such as fatty acid composition, triglyceride structure, crystalline form and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

For selecting appropriate method, depending on the type of food product, it is necessary to pay attention to the accuracy of the test, and sometimes it is necessary to use combined methods to obtain reliable results.

Alcoholic drinks are interested in societies since long time ago. Other than its psychological effects in drinkers, several researches have been done about ethanol side-effects. In this study, we investigate different aspects of ethanol consumption by oral intake.

Ethanol interferes in active transport of nutrients on the brush border. With regard to macronutrients, it disturbs the normal hydrolysis in the intestine. Although, lower absorption of macronutrients in the small intestine is compensated by their increased absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that ethanol intake at lower doses may protect the heart, but its prolonged intake could damage surface of villi, make lesions in the intestine, induce diarrhea, and stimulate growth of intestinal pathogens (known as endotoxemia). Chronic alcohol consumption induces inflammation and oxidative stress in drinkers, which affect the liver as the main metabolizing organ followed by brain. Reduced supply of antioxidants in drinkers and increased inflammation after alcohol intake makes the body susceptible to further infections.

Despite the positive effect of ethanol in prevention of cardiovascular diseases at low doses, its negative impacts on the other organs are not deniable. Importantly, no sale level has been introduced for ethanol oral intake. Therefore, the scientists recommend to avoid its drinking every time.

Halal food have been consumed by Muslims for more than 1,400 years, but the halal industry has flourished in recent years and the demand for this food has increased significantly. There are currently 1.8 billion Muslims living in the world, about 27% of whom is estimated to be overwhelmingly devoted to religious eating habits. It was estimated that the Muslim population would exceed 2 billion by 2030. Arguably about 20% of Muslims live in non-Muslim countries.

The globalization of the ever-evolving halal red meat industry has opportunities and challenges, including opportunities for global awareness of the halal meat market by governments, non-Muslim companies and financial institutions, the emergence of reliable research data , widespread global advertisement on halal food, safety and quality of halal meat compared to non-halal meat, halal investment opportunities by Islamic countries, lack of clear strategies for regional and international cooperation, confusion over different standards in halal meat and conflict of interest,  Inadequate funding for startups and innovations, inadequate training, war and violence in the Middle East, fear of Islamism, widespread activity of vegetarians, counterfeit red meat standards, etc. are among the challenges and disadvantages of this activity.

Currently, the halal red meat brand is exclusive to non-Muslim countries. Although the opportunities and challenges of globalization mentioned in the article include these countries, but Muslim countries such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, considering these opportunities, challenges, weakness and strength, can seize the global halal red meat market in the future.

The popularity of fermented beverages is increasing due to the preservation of food value and health characteristics of the product during fermentation. Kombucha is a probiotic and beneficial fermented beverage obtained from the social coexistence of bacteria and osmophilic yeasts in a sweetened black tea environment with sucrose. Sucrose is hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose by the invertase enzyme produced by the yeasts in the Kombucha consortium, and fructose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide by the yeasts. Despite the excellent health benefits of this drink, it can sometimes be controversial due to the increase in ethanol levels and the issue of halal quality.

The final concentration of ethanol alcohol in kombucha varies depending on parameters such as the species of microorganisms present in the solution, temperature, fermentation time and the initial sugar consumption. Using measurements such as controlling the amount of consumed sucrose, regular aeration during the fermentation process, using green and black tea as a substrate, using certain species of microorganisms to reduce the amount of ethanol produced, reducing the pH of the solution during the process and using Alternative sources of sucrose with lower sweetness such as honey and berry juice, can reduce the amount of ethanol produced in kombucha by 0.5%.

Kombucha with an alcohol content of less than 3% is considered a non-alcoholic beverage. Using simple and practical solutions, the amount of ethanol produced in the Kombucha solution can be significantly reduced and the miraculous properties of this drink can be benefited.

It is clear that the correct knowledge of scales and the identification of fish without scales are specialized propositions that cannot be achieved without the necessary knowledge. The body of most fish is covered with scales. The scales are made of horny or bony material.

Scales from the dorsal fin are slowly separated from the body of the fish. Place in sodium hypochlorite solution to remove mucus or other undissolved material. The scales are then washed and dehydrated in ethanol series. Finally, it is covered with a thin layer of gold and examined by electron microscopy.

All cartilaginous fish have placoid or plate scales or serrated teeth on the outer surface of their body. Many eels, such as freshwater eels, have small, elliptical cycloid scales that attach to the skin. Catfish generally do not have clear and uniform scales and their bodies are often naked. Catfish do not have distinct scales and instead have leathery skin. Catfish evolved differently and have no scales.

The presence of scales in all cartilaginous fish (shark, shield and table fish) and some snake fish is clearly confirmed and proven, but in catfish the usual structure of scales is not confirmed and instead skate structures that have the same function as scales. And plays the role of scales or sequins is approved.

In 2013, the United Nations began promoting insect consumption as a rich alternative to protein and minerals to counteract global food shortages and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, insectivore (or insect consumption) is becoming more motivated, and the global food insect market is estimated to reach $ 1.2 billion by 2023. However, as more insects are increasingly becoming part of processed foods around the world, solvent certification bodies do not have a single position on the "solubility" of insects and their extracts. The purpose of this article is to bring together the views of scholars of the four Sunni religions (schools of law of the Islamic Center) on the use of insects and the use of linguistic theories of the Qur'an and Islamic expressions in constructing a theoretical framework on this issue.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was adopted as a research method that guides the entire research process, while content analysis remains the main research method.

includes relevant factors that must be considered when confirming the solubility of insect-based foods. The novelty and contribution of this article are in exposing the cultural environment that informs the rulings of classical scientists about the use of insects, which later became the harbinger of disputes between contemporary halal certification bodies.

Islam, as the most complete religion, has been paid special attention to the role of nutrition in the physical, mental and moral health of individuals. The Holy Quran and the Hadith of prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and twelve Imams have pointed out some benefits of Halal foods and also adverse effects of forbidden foods (Haram) in human life.

The present review article performed by search in Holy Quran, authentic Hadith and results of some scientific studies, using the following keywords.

According to this review, consumption of Haram foods causes many physical and psychological complications and also prevents doing good deeds. Some studies on the effect of food molecules on the genetic structure of individuals have shown that consuming healthy and Halal foods can lead to the best genetic response. Eating halal food not only has positive effects on health, soul and behavior of humans, but also maintains social security and promotes the health of society.

Generally, from the perspective of Holy Quran and Hadith, the foundation of health is the consumption of healthy and clean food and avoidance of forbidden foods. Recent advances in science have clarified the cause and philosophy of the sanctity of some of them. However, the future studies may reveal more and better explanations for them.

Muslims follow Islamic dietary guidelines for food preparation, and foods prepared in accordance with this guideline fall into the category of halal foods. To produce halal dairy products, emulsifiers and other components added to dairy products must be prepared from halal sources such as plant sources. In the production of cream, butter and fatty products, emulsifiers are used to prevent becoming two phases in product, which need to be halal. Various enzymes and additives are used to produce different types of cheese. Many enzymes are obtained from pigs. enzymes have an important effect on by-products made from cheese such as whey and its derivatives. These raw materials themselves can address the issue of solubility in other dairy by-products such as frozen dairy desserts.The present study in the form of library research using related data banks and are coordinated with reference epistle and commandments.

Therefore, due to the widespread production and consumption of dairy products and the revelation of the negative effects of haram foods on the health of the soul and body of Muslims, it is necessary to ensure the raw materials and additives used in this industry are halal and all manufacturers have a duty to prepare halal and qualify raw materials and food products.

Results of this article is to examine the requirements that should be considered in the production of milk and dairy products so that Muslim consumers are confident milk and dairy products are halal at the time of consumption.

This study has been written about the growing of Muslim tourists in the world with the aim of introducing halal tourism in Iran and recognizing Iran's challenges and opportunities in this market. And this causes a huge opportunity for all stakeholders, in the tourism industry, due to the growth of travel desire, in Muslim travelers. That requires study and understanding, the cultural and religious needs of Muslim travelers, to create products and services that they required. Therefore, in this regard, to study the factors affecting in halal tourism and Iran's ranking in the world of halal tourism according to the annual report of the Muslim World Travel Index for 2019. In addition, since halal tourism has become the fastest growing industry in the global travel industry, Iran should study and compare it with other pioneering Muslim countries in halal tourism and recognizing opportunities and introducing challenges of Iran so that, with government support, challenges convert to opportunities and hence improve Iran's ranking in this industry.

The "family" is considered to be the most powerful and effective center of organizing a society, and in a clear relationship, the durability and consistency of a society depends on the strength of its foundations. On the other hand, the strength of family is influenced by various factors. This research is focused on answering the question of what effect halal income has on the strength of family foundations, using a documentary method and with reference to the Holy Qur'anic verses and Ahlul-Bayt traditions. The findings of the study show that attaining a halal sustenance is one of the most fundamental divine commandments and significant recommendations of the religious leaders. According to the findings of the paper, in the light of observing the rules of the halal sustenance, if the believers follow the epistemic recommendations of the religious leaders, the family has valuable components such as increased chastity, dignity, moderation, Patience, contentment and ..., which play a key role in strengthening and preventing its degeneration.

Economic activities and having an income are an essential part of human life. Providing human needs, such as food, clothing, housing, learning, and more, can be achieved through such activities. Providing these needs from common resources is a prerequisite for the emergence of human differences in economic activities and receiving an income. The Islamic religion has given much importance to economic activities and generating an income. Religious sources have stated in the phrase "The poverty leads to the infidelity" that not paying attention to economic activities and income-generating, endanger human destiny. In religious propositions, in addition to vetoing economic activities and income, the process of preventing dispute has also been presented. Earning Halal income is the recommended process to prevent dispute in this religious propositions.The question that this paper will address is what are the factors of fair and legal transactions? According to religious beliefs, the main strategies for making a Halal income are "being expedient" and "not being corrupt." On the basis of them, it will be obtained many indicators of Halal trading. This research is a fundamental research which approach is descriptive and conducted in a library method.​​​​​​​

The spiritual health of man as the fourth dimension of health is based on several factors that are considered by sources of Islam in the religion of Islam and Halal livelihood is one of the most important ones. In Islamic culture, for the purpose of obtaining halal livelihood remedies and avoiding haram’s provisions, advisory recommendations are given, because nutrition Clean and solvent foods can have positive effects in improving the personality and health of the human soul, as the use of unclean and haram nutrition brings bad consequences into the human psyche. The current research seeks to Using Islamic rich sources, the effects of halal livelihood treatments on human spiritual well being are analyzed Rossi’s.

The method of work in this research is based on the study of a book house based on the study of verses and narrations related to the subject Research

In rich sources of Islam, there are many verses and narratives that in addition to explaining the place and importance of halal livelihood treatments, its valuable effects on the health of human personality has been counted

It follows from the study of verses and narratives that the use of halal livelihood works brings blessed effects to human spiritual well-being, such as positive effect on personality, strengthening of religiosity, success in good deeds, heart luminosity, enjoyment of protection and affection Divine will have the privilege of prayer.