دلزدگی زناشویی

The problem of marital infidelity has become a common occurrence in today's societies, and it is necessary to use effective interventions to control these disturbances. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of emotional therapy on emotion regulation, Marital Despondency and sexual intimacy of women affected by marital infidelity.

The semi-experimental research method was of pre-test-post-test type with an intervention group and a control group. The statistical population of the research included 130 women who referred to Tabriz Metacognitive Counseling Center due to the betrayal of their husbands between September 1400 and September 1402. With the available sampling method, women who have higher scores in the questionnaire of marital despondency (cut point = score 73) and difficulty in emotional regulation (cut point = score 90) and lower scores in the questionnaire of sexual intimacy (cut point = score 75). 30 people were selected and randomly, 15 people were replaced in the intervention group and 15 people in the control group. The intervention group received emotional therapy for 9 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Emotion-oriented therapy reduces the difficulty in regulating emotions (F=10.669, P<0.001), Marital Despondency (F=82.213, P<0.001) and increases sexual intimacy (F=102.713, P<0.001) was effective for women affected by marital infidelity.

The use of interventions based on emotional therapy can lead to an increase in self-regulation of emotions and sexual intimacy and a decrease in Marital Despondency in women affected by marital infidelity.

Marital disillusionment is associated with adverse consequences for individuals, couples, families, and society. Low sexual assertiveness paves the way for marital disillusionment. The present study aimed to determine the effect of sexual skills counseling with a cognitive-behavioral approach on sexual assertiveness in women suffering from marital disillusionment.

This study was a clinical trial involving 80 women experiencing marital disillusionment selected from comprehensive health centers affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. They were assigned to intervention and control groups. Eight weekly sessions were held for the intervention group. Data were collected using demographic questions, the marital disillusionment scale (MDS) and Halbert index of sexual assertiveness. Sexual assertiveness was remeasured immediately and 12 weeks after the end of the intervention.  Data was analyzed using the SPSS (version 23) software using independent t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

The mean score of sexual assertiveness did not have a statistically significant difference between the groups before the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of the sexual assertiveness score in the intervention group changed from 34.1±11.67 before the intervention to 74.9±11.68 and 56.8±8.46 in the post-test and follow-up periods, respectively. These values for the control group were 33.5±11.00, 36.7±10.64, and 37.3±11.08, respectively. According to the results, the mean score of sexual assertiveness between the intervention and control groups and at the examined three time points had a statistically significant difference (P<0.001).

Sexual skills counseling with a cognitive-behavioral approach led to an increase in sexual assertiveness in women suffering from marital disillusionment. Therefore, this approach can be used as an effective psychological intervention to increase sexual assertiveness in these women.

Satisfaction and happiness from marital relationship decreases over time and among many couples. Communication problems have always been considered as one of the main causes of marital dissatisfaction and divorce. Marital heartbreak and marital incompatibility have become one of the most important events in life and have significant economic and social consequences. Heartbreak is a painful state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion and affects those who expect dream love to give meaning to their lives. This situation occurs when they realize that despite their efforts, their relationship has not and will not give meaning to life. In the meantime, marital conflicts are of particular importance, and when conflicts occur, relationships become weaker or stronger. Usually, conflict is defined as a lack of agreement and opposition between spouses, inconsistency in behavior, opinions and goals in opposition to the other. The inability to communicate logically with the spouse is considered the most common problem that unhappy couples raise and have reported as a significant relationship between communication beliefs and marital conflicts.Research on the issue of marital dissatisfaction is important for several reasons. Some of these reasons are related to the importance of the family institution in today's society. Others are related to the quality of life and the effect that marital boredom can have on other aspects of life. Unfortunately, family damage has increased in many countries, the divorce rate has increased in recent years and has reached its peak in the last decade. There may be problems that lead couples to decide to separate, such as motivation for separation, intense conflict, and chronic violent events. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prediction of marital dissatisfaction based on marital conflicts and communication beliefs in couples applying for divorce.

The population of this research included all couples applying for divorce who referred to the family court and dispute resolution council of Mashhad during the fall of 2018 (122,000 divorce cases). For this purpose, 100 couples (200 people) were selected from the mentioned society by purposeful sampling method. The criteria for include the research included: having a minimum education in reading and writing (in order to be able to read and understand self-report questionnaires), having at least one year of cohabitation, not having a history of divorce or remarriage. The exclusion criterion was non-cooperation in completing the questionnaire. Ethical considerations including obtaining informed consent, guaranteeing privacy and confidentiality were fully respected. In order to collect data, Marital Distress Scale (MDS; Kaiser, 1996), Revised Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (MCQ-R; Sanai et al., 2018) and Communication Beliefs Questionnaire (RBI; Eidelson & Epstein, 1982) were used. In Iran, for the first time, Saadati et al. (32) in a study with a sample of 300 people obtained the reliability of the scale of marital boredom, using Cronbach's alpha method, 0.79. Cronbach's alpha for the entire questionnaire of marital conflicts by Sanai et al., on a group of 270 people, was equal to 0.96 and for subscales from 0.56 to 0.89. O’leary also reported the reliability of communication beliefs questionnaire from 0.72 to 0.81. The obtained data were analyzed using the method of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.

The average length of marriage of the participants in the research was 9.05 years. In examining the results of the Pearson correlation test to examine the relationship between the sub-components of the predictor variables and the criterion variable, it was observed that only 3 of the sub-components of marital conflicts (including a decrease in family relationship with relatives, spouse and friends; a decrease in effective communication; and an increase in emotional reactions) have a significant positive relationship with marital burnout. Regarding the sub-components of communication beliefs, 4 beliefs of destructiveness of opposition, expectation of mind reading, belief in the immutability of the spouse, and sexual perfectionism have a significant relationship with marital dissatisfaction; In the case of sexual perfectionism, this relationship was negative, and in the case of the three beliefs of destructive opposition, expectation of mind reading, and belief in the immutability of the spouse, there was a negative relationship with marital dissatisfaction. The relationship between the belief about gender differences and marital dissatisfaction was not significant. Also, the results showed that the multiple regression model was significant (p<0.001) and the components of these two variables were able to significantly predict 30% of the variance of marital boredom (R=0.552 and R2=0.304). Decrease in effective communication and increase in emotional reactions (one of the components of marital conflicts), belief in the immutability of the spouse and sexual perfectionism (one of the components of communication beliefs) can significantly predict marital burnout. The expectation belief of mind reading was also close to the significant level (p=0.052). Among these components, sexual perfectionism had a negative effect and the rest had a positive effect in predicting marital dissatisfaction.

When two people, as a couple, live together, conflict will occur. Due to the nature of couples' interaction, there are times when disagreements are observed or needs are not met, as a result, spouses feel anger, despair and dissatisfaction towards each other. Couples who have good communication skills will have a positive evaluation and a broader view of various aspects of incompatible issues and events in their lives, and they will often use problem-oriented strategies in dealing with issues and problems. While couples who have not learned the necessary communication skills and problem-solving methods correctly, they often use ineffective methods to resolve conflicts in stressful and challenging situations and end up suffering from marital burnout. The findings obtained in the present research and other similar researches, while clarifying some important issues in the society, provide the ground for establishing accuracy of opinion and more emphasis on identifying the fields of conflict resolution. According to these facts and the results of the present research, it can be said that it is necessary to apply these theories in treating the problems of couples with marital conflicts, in addition to creating facilities for increasing the knowledge of therapists, so that in this way it is possible to improve and enhance the quality of life of people. Therefore, according to the results of this research and the role of communication conflicts and beliefs in predicting marital dissatisfaction, it is necessary for family counselors to examine these cases in pre-marriage counseling and when marital conflicts occur, and in the case of divorce applicants, and prepare targeted interventions for them.

Considering the value of the family institution, special attention should be paid to the problems of couples. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT) on couple burnout of couples with emotional divorce.

The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test- post-test with the control group. The statistical population was couples who referred to Tabriz Counseling Centers in 2022. Totally, 54 people were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (9 couples in each group). Members of both experimental groups received their treatment, respectively, in 8 and 10 sessions of 1.5 hours; however the control group did not receive any treatment. The measurement tools were Pines's couple burnout and Gottman's emotional divorce questionnaires. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and bonferroni's post hoc test.

In the pre-test, the means and standard deviations of the couple burnout were 108.44±10.68, 108.11±12.18, and 108.39±8.08, among CBCT group, EFCT group and control group, respectively (p>0.05). Both treatments reduced couple burnout in couples after the test, compared to the control group (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on reduced couple burnout at posttest was not significantly different (p>0.05).

It seems that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy can decrease the couple burnout of couples; so they can probably be a useful therapeutic strategy for improving couples' relationships.

Background and

Infertility is a major concern for public health and is considered as one of the most important crises in life, which leads to psychological problems such as infertility stress and marital boredom. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on infertility stress and marital burnout in infertile women.

In this clinical trial, 43 infertile women were selected from specialized obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Sari, 2023. They were recruited using non-random and convenience sampling. They were then randomly divided into two groups of intervention (CBT, n=15) and control (without any treatment, n=15). The CBT was implemented according to the Bieling protocol during weekly sessions of 45 minutes for twelve weeks. The participants were evaluated at pre-test, post-test and 45days follow-up using infertility stress by Newton et al (1999) scale and marital burnout by Pines (2005) scale. Data analysis was performed applying repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS V24.

In the experimental group, the average scores in the three phases of pre-test, post-test and follow-up for infertility stress were (200.866±19.471), (146.066±12.719), and (153.066±16.086), respectively, and for marital burnout were (97.533±12.052), (67.065±5.750), and (74.666±8.286), respectively, which had a significant decrease in the two stages of post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (P>0.05). Also the results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy in infertile women reduced infertility stress (F=24.700, P=0.000) and marital burnout (F=146.146, P=0.001).

The results indicated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing infertility stress and marital burnout in infertile women, which can be used along with other medical treatment methods in infertility clinics to reduce the psychological needs and problems of infertile women.

Background & Aims:

 Sexual dissatisfaction in women has several consequences. Due to the cultural factors and the traditional context of Iranian cities, there are limitations for women to talk about sexual issues and do not express their sexual satisfaction during the necessary care in reproductive age. This study aims to determine the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital burnout of women living in Yasuj, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 married women referred to four comprehensive health centers in Yasuj. Data was collected using a demographic form, the Married Women’s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (MWSSQ), and the Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test in SPSS software, version 22.

The component of mental and physical barriers to sexual satisfaction had a significant positive correlation with the total score of CBM (r=0.488, P<0.001). Other three components of MWSSQ, including antecedents (r=-0.624, P<0.001), husband-related factors (r=-0.662, P<0.001), and dominant cultural values (r=-0.447, P<0.001) had a significant negative correlation with the total score of CBM. 

Higher mental and physical barriers to sexual satisfaction can cause higher marital burnout in women, while lower antecedents, husband-related factors, and cultural values related to sexual performance can reduce marital burnout. Healthcare workers working in health centers should check women's sexual satisfaction status and, if necessary, remove their mental and physical barriers to sexual satisfaction and improve their physical, mental, and emotional conditions and relationships with husbands by providing training and counseling to them.

 The quality of life of the medical staff is very important. A high level of burnout of the medical staff during the Corona virus pandemic can affect their quality of life. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between marital burnout and health anxiety with the mediation of fear of covid-19 on the quality of life of health workers in Lordegan city.

 The current research is a descriptive correlational  study. The statistical population of this research was formed by all the health workers of Lordegan city from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 1401, whose number was 272 and in order to have a sufficient sample size , all the people of the statistical population were selected as the sample. The samples completed Pines Marital burnout Questionnaire, Salkovskis and Warwick Health Anxiety Questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Fear of Covid-19 Questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression analysis, bootstrap test and path analysis were used to analyze the data. SPSS and AMOS software version 24 were used for data analysis. .

 The results of the analysis showed that the variables of marital burnout and health anxiety have a negative and significant effect on the quality of life of health workers. Also, the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between marital burnout and health anxiety was confirmed.

 Based on the obtained results, marital burnout and health anxiety can affect the quality of life of Lordegan health workers through the mediation of fear of covid-19.

Intruduction:

 Marital relations are one of the most important elements of strengthening the family foundation. Cognitive flexibility can be one of the important variables in preventing marital discord, and on the other hand, getting involved in it will cause turmoil and crisis in marital relationships. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of self-compassion training and mentalization on cognitive flexibility among married women involved in couple boredom.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all married women suffering from Couple Boredom.who referred to the counseling centers of the west of Tehran in 2021. Using the purposeful sampling method, according to the entry and exit criteria, 60 married women were randomly selected into two groups of 20. experimental and a group of 20 people were included as control. Then the participants of experimental group one and two received self-compassion and mindfulness training in 12 separate 90-minute sessions. Couple boredom and cognitive flexibility questionnaires were used to collect information in three measurement stages. In data analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used.

The findings of the research showed that self-improvement and mentalization training is effective in improving the cognitive flexibility of married women involved in couple boredom (P≤0.01); So that it has affected all aspects of cognitive flexibility, including perception of controllability, justification of behavior and different options. Also, comparing the results of the effects of the two mentioned educational methods on improving cognitive flexibility and its dimensions in married women involved in couple boredom, no significant difference was found (P>0.01).

Therefore, from the findings of this research, it can be concluded that self-compassion and mentalization training can be used in tense couple relationships caused by couple boredom in order to increase relaxation and mental health.

Mental health and perceived social support are important variables in preventing marital boredom in infertile women. The aim of this study was to predict marital boredom based on perceived social support and mental health in infertile women.

The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population included infertile women referring to the infertility ward of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Tehran in 2009-2010. Through available sampling, 361 people were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires of marital boredom, perceived social support and general health were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22.

According to the results, mental health, total social support score, support component of family, friends and important individuals had a significant negative correlation coefficient with marital boredom. The results of regression in predicting marital boredom through the dimensions of social support and mental health show that among the predictor variables, mental health had a significant role in predicting marital boredom (p <0.05) and the ability to explain 21% of The variance of marital boredom was at the level of 0.001.

Perceived social support and mental health in infertile couples are associated with marital boredom in this group.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment with cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on marital conflict and emotion regulation in married women. The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group and three-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all married women with marital boredom who referred to counseling centers in Rasht in 1400, which was selected by available sampling method of 60 people and were assigned to three groups of 20 people. Data collection was performed in addition to demographic information checklist with marital boredom questionnaire, marital bourgeoisie questionnaire and emotion regulation questionnaire. For the subjects of the experimental groups (both intervention programs), 12 sessions were performed, one session per week for 1 hour. In addition to descriptive statistical methods, data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that in the post-test stage, there was a significant difference between the total score of emotion regulation and its dimensions in the three groups (P <0.05). Also, the results showed that in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the score of marital conflict and its dimensions in individuals participating in intervention programs with control individuals (P <0.05). This difference was also persistent in the follow-up stage (P <0.05). Also, the results of Ben Foroni post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two couples therapy methods on dependent variables, so that the effect of acceptance and commitment to cognitive-behavioral method on marital conflict and emotion regulation was more beneficial.

Today, attention to the family and its role in building a healthy society has received more and more attention from psychologists and researchers. One of the most important issues in a marital relationship is boredom. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Schema Therapy" and "Imago Relationship Therapy" on marital boredom of couples in Qom.

In this semi-experimental research, a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design was used with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to the counseling center of Qom Young Cultural Center in 2020.30 couples by simple random method were chosen by lottery. The instruments used in the study included demographic questionnaire, the “Marital Boredom Scale”. The validity of the scale was measured by the content validity index and the reliability by the internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. "Schema Therapy" was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week) and "Imago Relationship Therapy" was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 23.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of marital boredom between "Schema Therapy" and "Imago Relationship Therapy" (P-value <0.05). The difference in the mean score of marital boredom variable between the "Schema Therapy" groups with control and also the "Imago Relationship Therapy" groups with control in the pre-test stage is not significant. But in the post-test and follow-up stage it was significant (P-value <0.05). In the groups of "Schema Therapy" and “Imago Relationship Therapy”, the difference between the mean scores of marital boredom in the stages of pre-test with post-test, pre-test with follow-up and post-test with follow-up was significant (P-value <0.05). But in the control group, the difference between the mean scores of marital boredom was not significant in any of the 2 to 2 stages (P-value <0.05).

"Schema Therapy" and “Imago Relationship Therapy” were significant on the marital boredom of couples in Qom. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors use both treatments to reduce marital problems and especially marital boredom.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect ofemotion-oriented couple therapy on forgiveness, emotional selfregulation and marital boredom of couples seeking divorcereferring to family social emergencies.

Due to the nature of the subject and theobjectives of the research, this research was conducted in a quasiexperimental manner with a pre-test-post-test design into anexperimental group (emotion-based couple therapy) and a controlgroup. The population of the present study consisted of all couplesreferring to Tehran family social emergencies. The samplingmethod was purposeful and taking into account the inclusioncriteria. Thirty couples were divided into two groups. The firstgroup underwent emotion-based couple therapy and the secondgroup was a witness. The research instruments included theInterpersonal Forgiveness Scale (IFI-25), the Grenfsky et al.Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001) and thePineas Marital Boredom Scale (1996).

The results showed that emotion-oriented coupletherapy has a positive effect on marital boredom of couplesseeking divorce referring to family social emergencies.

The results showed that emotion-oriented coupletherapy has a positive effect on forgiveness, emotional selfregulation and boredom of couples seeking divorce referring tofamily social emergencies.

Identifying the factors affecting the foundation of the family, such as marital boredom, failure, negative feelings towards the spouse, etc., and examining prevention and elimination strategies, is of undeniable importance. Marital boredom is a painful state of physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion that affects those who expect their abundant love to give meaning and meaning to life and its quality. These people find out that they have experienced marital boredom when, despite all their efforts, their relationships have not given them a meaningful life (2). Failure is another factor that can shake the foundation of the family as the most important element of society. Failure is one of the most important human characteristics that is related to tolerating failure and refers to the amount of stress that a person can endure before his behavior becomes integrated and disrupted (4). On the other hand, one of the factors that play an important role in the health and well-being of the family is a positive feeling towards the spouse and married life. Establishing a proper relationship with the spouse, saying words and sentences at the right time is one of the main factors affecting the formation of positive emotions of the couple, durability and life satisfaction (6).One of the ways to prevent and eliminate the destructive factors of family foundation is couple therapy methods including cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and imagotherapy. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy uses cognitive and behavioral strategies and life skills training to try out the obvious behavior and interaction of couples by changing their thoughts, expectations, interpretations and ways of responding to them. Change (7). In addition to cognitive reconstruction, this approach also uses a variety of behavioral interventions to strengthen couples' coping skills (8). In addition, various studies have shown the effectiveness of these therapies on the relationship between couples, but the results are contradictory. Given the above, the identification of factors affecting the foundation of the family, including marital boredom, failure, negative feelings towards the spouse and the study of prevention and elimination strategies, including various methods of couple therapy, the importance of undeniable to The purpose is to preserve the sacred foundation of the family in Iran. Therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of imagotherapy and cognitive and behavioral couple therapy on marital boredom, failure tolerance and positive feelings towards the spouse in couples are compared.

In order to conduct the present quasi-experimental research, which was conducted with pre-test and post-test design, among couples with marital conflicts who referred to family court, dispute resolution councils and counseling centers in Mashhad in 1399, 30 couples as The volunteers participated in the study as a statistical sample and were randomly divided into three groups: imagotherapy, cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and control. Subjects first retracted the Pynes (2004) Marital Boredom Questionnaire, Harrington Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (2005), and Positive Feeling of Spouse's New York State University Couple Clinic (1975). Then, the subjects of the experimental groups received 10 sessions and each session received 90 minutes of intervention. Finally, all subjects completed the questionnaires again. It should be noted that the conditions for entering the research included 3 to 10 years of marriage, having a minimum diploma, having an age of 30 to 45 years and no history of divorce, and exclusion criteria included being absent for more than one session and canceling further cooperation. At the end of the intervention sessions, all subjects completed the questionnaires again. Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Shapirovilk test to examine the natural distribution of data, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of data using SPSS software version 24.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy, imagotherapy and control in at least one of the variables of marital boredom, failure tolerance or positive feeling towards the spouse (F = 76.31, P = 0.001). On the other hand, it was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the intervention methods in all three variables of marital boredom (CB), failure tolerance (FT) and positive feeling towards the spouse (PF). The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that both cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and immagotherapy compared to the control group significantly reduced marital boredom, increased failure tolerance and increased positive feelings towards the spouse in couples with marital conflicts. Also, imagotherapy couple therapy was more effective in reducing marital boredom, increasing failure tolerance and increasing positive feelings towards the spouse in the couple in comparison with cognitive-behavioral couple therapy.

The findings of the present study are consistent with some of the results of De Klerk (2001) research that receiving immunotherapy has been able to increase couples' satisfaction and satisfaction (17). Also, the results of the present study are part of the findings of the study by Westerman et al. (2008) who found that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy improves marital satisfaction, reduces psychological distress symptoms and husband boredom with spouse and increases the overall functioning of the relationship. Gives, confirms (18). In addition, the findings of the present study, with part of the results of Martin and Bailowski (2011) research that found that Imago-based couple therapy method, increased conversations between spouses, increased self-understanding and understanding of spouses, understanding of Has increased childhood and spouses as well as increased self-confidence, is consistent (19). Also, the findings of the present study, with some of the results of Jang (2015) research that received image therapy on marital relationships, marital intimacy, marital relationships, communication skills to resolve marital conflicts, mutual respect, gender role, sexual satisfaction, Couples' time together and decision making have a significant positive effect, it is consistent (10). Also, the results of the present study are consistent with some of the findings of Karimi and Khalatbari study (2017) who found that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy has a significant effect on marital boredom and its components, marital satisfaction and marital intimacy (23). In addition, the findings of the present study confirm some of the results of the research of Shakralahzadeh et al. (2017) who found that cognitive-behavioral skills training has an effect on marital conflicts and marital apathy (24).

Marital satisfaction has an important role in strengthening the foundation of the family and marital boredom and sexual satisfaction can be effective on this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on marital boredom and sexual satisfaction in married people referring to psychological centers in Tehran.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a two-month follow-up phase with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all married people with marital problems who referred to psychological centers in Tehran in 1398. Among these people, 30 people were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of mindfulness-based stress reduction program and no action was taken for the control group. Data collection tools included the marital boredom questionnaire and the sexual satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 and repeated measures ANOVA.

The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction program had a significant effect on reducing marital boredom and increasing sexual satisfaction of married people in the post-test and follow-up stages (P <0.005).

According to the results, mindfulness-based stress reduction program intervention can be used to reduce marital boredom and improve sexual satisfaction in married people.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral couple therapy on reducing marital burnout and sexual intimacy of couples referring to counseling centers in Tabriz. The present research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of all couples referring to counseling centers in Tabriz has at least 2 years of marriage. To conduct the research, 34 people were selected in a purposeful way based on the entry criteria and randomly replaced in two groups (experimental and control). According to Delavar (2016), the minimum number of groups in experimental research is 15 people. Entry criteria include living together for at least two years (married people have lived together for at least two years), informed consent to participate in the research of couples, at least third-level literacy for couples aged 20 to 40 years, and exit criteria include taking psychiatric drugs and not being absent for more than one session. Participation in other psychological intervention programs. The research tools are the Pines Marital Discomfort Questionnaire (Pines and Nunes, 2003) and the Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire. Botlani et al. (2009) was invalid. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The results of data analysis showed that cognitive behavioral couple therapy is effective in reducing marital boredom and sexual intimacy of couples referring to counseling centers in Tabriz.

To create and maintain a desired marital satisfaction and reduce the harms of spouse infidelity, individuals need to recognize and describe their feelings and emotions and reduce marital burnout, in this regard the main purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in groups on alexithymia and marital burnout of women exposed to Infidelity.

This research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The target population included women referred to three counseling centers in Mashhad who were exposed to spouse sexual infidelity. Twenty women who qualified for the study were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Before training, the pre-test(Toronto Alexithymia scale and Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaire) was applied to both groups. The experimental group went under cognitive therapy in groups using, Michael Free for twelve sessions, whereas the control group didn’t receive any training. After training sessions, the post-test was performed and data were analyzed by using multi-covariance.

The results showed that cognitive therapy in groups was effective on alexithymia and marital burnout of women exposed to infidelity.(P<0.01)

Results showed that cognitive therapy in groups on alexithymia and marital burnout was effective, considering the usefulness of cognitive therapy in groups on alexithymia and marital burnout, it can be an alternative for women seeking professional help after being betrayed.

Schema therapy is an integrative approach combining previously existing theories and techniques and is widely used in addressing marital problems. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on sexual satisfaction, emotional regulation and resilience in nurses of variable shifts with marital boredom symptoms in Tabriz with three-month follow-up.

This study was followed as a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow up design and with a control group. Samples included 40 nurses in Tabriz in 2019 who scored higher in the marital boredom questionnaire (a standard deviation according to the cutting point) and were randomly assigned to an experimental groups (20 people) and a control group (20 people). The sexual satisfaction, excitement, and resilience questionnaires were completed by subjects in both groups, and schema-based intervention was performed in 12 90-minute sessions, one session per week for the experimental group. After the meetings, the above-mentioned questionnaires were completed again in both groups and finally followed up after three months. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement tests.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post-test scores and follow-up of the experimental group compared to that of the pre-test (p<0.01). In addition, the results of repeated measures test showed that the effects of schema therapy were stable over time. However, in the control group, there was no significant difference between pre-test-post-test and follow-up (p> 0.05).

Due to the positive effect of schema therapy on sexual satisfaction, emotion regulation and resilience, applying this treatment in planning mental health measures for nurses is recommended.

 Marriage is the most important contract in every person's life. People get married for different reasons. In addition to sexuality, which is one of the primary issues, love, economic security, protection, emotional security, feeling of peace and escape from loneliness are some of the factors that lead to the tendency to get married. Many couples start their married life with high intimacy, but over time, this intimacy becomes difficult. Ellis says newlyweds are less likely to think that their love may fade at some point, and that's when boredom begins. In a frustrated marriage, one or both couples, while experiencing feelings of separation from their spouse and diminished interests and relationships, have significant concerns about the increasing destruction of the relationship and the progression to separation and divorce. Marital boredom is a gradual decrease in emotional attachment to the spouse, which is accompanied by feelings of alienation, apathy and indifference between couples to each other and the replacement of negative emotions instead of positive emotions, and as a result, negative emotions take over and lose. Giving initial enthusiasm leads to emotional attachment, commitment, and eventually boredom. Non-marital commitment is one of the effective factors in creating divorce between couples. Because one of the important characteristics of successful and long-term marriages is the existence of marital commitment, in fact, among the various human interactions, commitment is the most important qualitative aspect of a relationship. Adherence to the marriage covenant is also very important as a lasting mechanism and is one of the characteristics of successful and long-term marriages. Today, various approaches to couple therapy and family therapy have been developed with the aim of reducing conflicts and communication disorders between couples. The goal of couple therapy is to help couples cope better with current problems and learn more effective ways to communicate. However, researchers believe that couple therapy requires movement beyond existing therapies. Although meta-analyzes confirm that different treatments for couples' disorder have statistically and clinically significant consequences, other research findings show that a large percentage of couples fail to benefit from them. They eat or get worse some time after the usual treatments. So far, no research has specifically evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention on the components involved in couples' satisfaction with the marital relationship. In addition, the research conducted so far has usually been done on a couple (women or men), which is a generalization. Conflicts data. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of treatment on the two components of marital boredom and couples' moral commitment on men and women seeking divorce.

 The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is a quasi-experimental in which the pre-test-post-test design with control group and follow-up stage was used. The present study with the code IR.BPUMS.REC.1399.106 was approved by the ethics committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples seeking divorce in Malayer in 1398. The statistical sample consisted of 30 pairs that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups. Criteria for entering the study were the complete consent of the couple to participate in the study, as well as the ability to attend regular sessions, not to use psychiatric drugs during treatment, and in the case of psychotherapy or medication, at least 6 months have passed. In addition, at least one year must have passed since their marriage and they have filed for divorce, while the couples participating in the study were matched in the experimental and control groups in terms of age range, level of education and economic status. After identifying the sample group, research tools were provided to both groups and the results were considered as a pretest. In the next stage, the subjects in the experimental group underwent 12 one-hour sessions of emotion therapy intervention (Table 1). In the last step, the research tool was used again as a post-test and finally the collected data were analyzed using multivariate covariance statistical method. Research instruments included Pineas Marital Boredom Questionnaire (2003), Adams and Jones (1997) Moral Commitment Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS-22 software were used to test the research hypotheses.

 In the descriptive findings of the research samples, the mean age of the experimental group was 35.86 ± 4.42 and the control group was 32.60 ± 7.03. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the research variables between the control and experimental groups (P <0.05) and the score of the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages was significantly improved.

 The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between marital boredom of experimental and control couples. In other words, emotional therapy reduced the marital boredom of the experimental group. Also, the results of the analysis of research data showed that there was a significant difference between the marital commitment of the experimental and control groups. In other words, emotional therapy led to an increase in marital commitment of the experimental group. Since this research has been done on couples seeking divorce in Malayer city, so caution should be exercised in generalizing the results. Another limitation of the present study was the reliance on data from the self-report questionnaire that in this style of data collection, the participant is likely to have difficulty expressing their emotions and cognitions, so it is suggested to increase statistical power and reliability of the findings to collect information from methods. Use as an interview or qualitative study. The results of the present study can be generalized and applied in different situations by considering the said limitations. It is also recommended that counselors provide reality therapy training courses for couples at risk of divorce. In general, based on the results of the study, it can be stated that emotional therapy is effective on the components of marital boredom and moral commitment in couples seeking divorce, and this type of intervention can be used in counseling and treatment of couples, especially couples with conflict.

The purpose of this study was to design a conceptualmodel of the antecedents and consequences of marital boredom andto determine the effectiveness of the training protocol derived fromthe model on improving marital boredom and intimacy.

The quasi-experimental research methodwas a single-subject design with multiple baselines and thestatistical population was couples who referred to the consultationcenter of Raz Clinic in Shiraz and the clinic of the GeneralDirectorate of Exceptional Education of Fars Province in Shiraz inthe fall of 1400. Using the purposeful sampling method, 3 coupleswere selected as a sample. The therapeutic program of the trainingprotocol extracted from the conceptual model (1400) wasimplemented by the tutors and counselors during 10 sessions, andafter the end of the treatment, the follow-up was done in two stageswith intervals. It took place for one month. The subjects respondedto the emotional intimacy subscale of Shaffer Valson's (1981)Personal Emotional Evaluation of Intimacy Questionnaire (1981)and Pines Marital Boredom Test (1). The data were analyzed byvisual analysis method, recovery percentage formula and stablechange index.

The results showed that the treatment of the conceptualmodel protocol increased emotional intimacy and marital qualityand reduced marital burnout of couples and this effect remainedstable in the follow-up phase.

The conceptual model protocol treatment has therequired efficiency and couple therapists can use this conceptualmodel in working with couples in order to reduce marital boredomand increase emotional intimacy and improve marital quality,especially in the early years of a couple's marriage, which has asignificant effect. to take

Married women who experience emotional divorcehave psychological problems that require therapeuticinterventions. The purpose of this research was theeffectiveness of teaching acceptance and commitment with anIslamic approach on marital satisfaction, marital boredom andquality of life in married women with emotional divorce.

The research method was semiexperimental and pre-test, post-test with a control group. Thestatistical population of this research included all marriedwomen with emotional divorce who referred to counselingcenters in Tehran in 1401, and 30 people (15 people from theexperimental group and 15 people from the control group)were selected as a sample using available sampling method.The tools of data collection were Elson's Marital SatisfactionQuestionnaire (1998), Pines Marital Discontent (1996) andVar et al.'s Quality of Life (1996). The intervention of teachingacceptance and commitment with an Islamic approach wasimplemented during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week inthe experimental group and the control group did not receiveany training. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests(mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis usingSPSS version 24 software. P value less than 0.05 wasconsidered significant.

In the experimental group, the mean and standarddeviation of marital satisfaction increased from 52.40±9.23 to61.07±9.82 after the intervention. The mean and standarddeviation of marital boredom decreased from 65.64±8.15 to54.17±8.24 after the intervention. Also, the mean and standarddeviation of the quality of life score increased from59.47±8.36 to 68.46±9.67 after the intervention (p<0.01).

The results showed that teaching acceptance andcommitment with an Islamic approach has reduced maritaldissatisfaction and increased marital satisfaction and quality oflife. Therefore, the use of acceptance and commitment withthe Islamic approach is recommended by counselors andtherapists to reduce the psychological problems of womenwith emotional divorce.