دلفی فازی

Green innovation provides a sustainable competitive advantage for hospitals and has been the focus of academics and managers in new business models. The purpose of this research is to identify and level the obstacles of green innovation in hospitals.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical type that was conducted with the participation of 18 experts from Rafsanjan hospitals in 1400. Experts were selected purposefully by snowball method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Fuzzy Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling and Excel software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there are 11 obstacles in the green innovation of hospitals, including managerial obstacles, customers, laws and regulations, organizational, green human capital, information, finance, supply chain partners, competitors, technology and weak research and development. Of these obstacles, laws and regulations, competitors and customers are the most effective obstacles in moving towards green innovation.

According to the results, organizational barriers, supply chain partners, laws and regulations, customers and competitors are independent barriers that affect other barriers and should be prioritized to be resolved. By removing the obstacles identified in this research in order of priority, managers can help to improve the state of green innovation in hospitals in order to reduce environmental risks and increase sustainability.

Medical health tourism is an important factor in promoting tourism. This industry not only showcases national identity but also helps to alleviate poverty, generate income, create job opportunities, improve welfare and social justice in society, and contribute to the sustainable growth of the economy and overall living standards. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors that impact medical tourism, with a focus on Ardabil province.

A mixed research methodology with an exploratory approach was utilized to examine 43 articles related to medical tourism using the meta-composite method. The components were measured using expert opinion and the fuzzy Delphi method, then prioritized with the SWARA method. To conduct data analysis, Maxqda version 10 and Smart PLS software were utilized.

According to the research, the most significant factors that contribute to medical tourism in Ardabil province are economic growth indicators, the entrepreneurial ecosystem, quality of laws, social networks, challenges, variety of attractions and leisure opportunities, expert staff, development of tourism policies, respect for beliefs, sustainable income, Islamic medical services, effectiveness and efficiency, participation, language in common, medical infrastructure, costs, natural capacities, and medical service tariffs.

According to the research findings, the medical service tariff index, which had a final weight of 0.131, was deemed the most crucial component in health medical tourism.

Health promotion is a crucial task for policymakers. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key factors that determine population health in Iran and illustrate the causal relationships between these factors.

The research was conducted using a mixed-method approach in three stages. First, macro social determinants of health were identified by analyzing available resources from 2000 to 2019. Screening of factors was carried out through the fuzzy Delphi method and a survey involving 15 experts. Finally, the causal relationships between the social determinants of health were depicted using a fuzzy cognitive map.

Initially, 96 health determinants were identified at the national and global levels. After the screening, 8 factors that had less significance in population health were excluded. In terms of causal relationships, the economic system emerged as the most important and influential factor, with a centrality degree of 21.06 and an out-degree of 10.91. Following that, governance and policy-making, as well as national policies, were ranked with centrality degrees of 20.25 and 20.19, respectively.

Irrespective of the causal relationships, the health system holds the utmost importance in population health. However, when considering the causal relationships, the economic system takes precedence as the most critical factor, while the health system does not rank among the top three factors. Therefore, the analysis of fuzzy cognitive maps assists policymakers in understanding priorities and the interconnectedness between sectors in developing and implementing health-oriented policies across all sectors, enabling the adoption of the most effective policies.

 Today, governance in the health system is more important than ever due to the shortcomings in the health sector and the occurrence of crises such as the Covid disease pandemic. On the other hand, policy-making, especially implementing policies in the country's health sector, is facing shortcomings; the use of governance principles can be helpful in this regard. Therefore, this study aims to design a governance model for the country's health system.

 The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous research, the governance strategies of the health system were identified. Then, the research model was designed using the fuzzy Delphi method and surveying 13 academic and executive experts who were purposefully selected. Finally, to validate the model, 169 managers and specialists of health system departments in Tehran were interviewed with a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software.

 Based on the research findings, it was confirmed that health governance has four functions of stewardship, service delivery, resource production, and financing, and in order to improve it, ten main strategies and 58 sub-strategies should be considered. Also, the governance model in the country's health system was designed, which includes causal factors (functions of the health system), underlying factors, facilitating/limiting factors, and consequences. Finally, the coefficient of determination for the variable of health governance strategies was 0.611 and for the variable of outcomes was 0.528.

 According to the results, health governance in the country is similar to the model of the World Health Organization in terms of structure and functions, but to improve the health system according to the country's native conditions, it is necessary to use various strategies. Also, the results showed that the health system's governance is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon. To improve it, a set of strategies should be implemented, which were classified into three categories: governance affairs, contractual affairs, and partnership affairs

This research has presented a model for evaluating the entrepreneurial behavior of public sector managers. This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of mixed data collection method.

In the qualitative phase, interviews with 10 people were used in a non-arbitrary (targeted) way and the snowball method was used to achieve theoretical saturation and to screen the findings from 30 people using a judgment method to reach a consensus. In the quantitative phase of the research, 1006 managers of government agencies in Golestan province and the size of the statistical sample were estimated to be 278 using the Karjesi and Morgan table. The sampling method at this stage was carried out by a simple random method in such a way that managers were divided into three levels: top manager, middle manager and lower level manager and the sample was selected from among them.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the structure of the management system, the existence of innovation and creativity space, strategic vision and effective communication were identified as the main dimensions and these dimensions were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the evaluation of the current state of the components and dimensions showed that the structure of the management system, the existence of innovation and creativity, strategic vision and effective communication are more than the average level and are at a suitable level. Prioritization and causal relationships showed that among the sub-factors of networking in the organization (influential), feedback systems (influential), environmental feedback (influential), expansion and use of interpersonal relationships (influential), freedom in projecting innovative ideas (effective), encouragement And encouraging ideas (effective), implementing new ideas (effective), flexibility to environmental changes (effective), taking advantage of opportunities (effective), vision in the organization (effective) is in the first to tenth priority.

Finally, the neural network model with the specification of the number of input membership function of three functions, and the triangular function with the output of the fixed membership function, grid partition regularization method and with the number of repetitions of 50 Epochs and the optimal hybrid training method and Mamdani fuzzy system has a suitable system for All dimensions have been.

In order to reduce the dependence of the Iranian economy on crude oil exports and turn to a multi-product economy in exports, the orientation of export policies should be changed to the production and export of non-oil goods.One of these goods and non-oil industries is the pharmaceutical industry, which as a strategic industry has always been considered by economists and policy makers in this field.Due to the fact that medicine is a high-tech industry and has a relatively high use, so the expansion of competitiveness in this industry can increase employment and develop non-oil exports.

The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the development of the export market in pharmaceutical companies by emphasizing the competitiveness of exports in the context of the corona epidemic with the fuzzy Delphi approach.

The statistical population of the study was drug production activists who were selected as sample members using purposive sampling method based on the principle of theoretical adequacy.The present research is based on a mixed method and qualitatively and quantitatively and in an inductive deductive approach; Which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method.The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview research is semi-structured; Also, the data collection tool in the quantitative section was the fuzzy Delphi questionnaire.

The results showed that factors such as quality of raw materials in manufactured drugs, length of treatment of manufactured drugs, evaluation and quality control, design of new packages protected against viruses including corona virus and increase production by increasing productivity to Meeting the needs of the market is effective on the development of the export market in pharmaceutical companies.

For the success of the pharmaceutical industry in the world market, they should pay special attention to factors such as the quality of raw materials in manufactured drugs, treatment duration of manufactured drugs, evaluation and quality control, design of new protected packages to be able to compete with other active manufacturers. Compete in the world pharmaceutical industry.

Health systems have played an important role in improving and increasing life expectancy. However, there is a large gap between health systems’ potential and their current performance, most of which relate to governance issues. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for improving the governance of the country's health system.

The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous research, the governance strategies of the health system were identified. Then, using Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and surveying 13 academic and executive experts who were purposefully selected, the research model was designed. Finally, in order to validate the model, 169 managers and specialists of health system departments in Tehran were interviewed with a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and SmartPLS software. At this stage, the sampling method was available and the sample size was calculated by Cochran's method.

According to the research findings, in order to promote health governance, 10 main strategies and 58 sub-strategies should be considered. Identified strategies include strategic orientation, optimal financial resource management, stakeholder partnership development, knowledge resource development, administrative health promotion, technical knowledge development, value and ethical orientation, executive and operational platform development, Service delivery capacity management and Balanced and integrated stewardship. Also, the coefficient of determination for the outcome variable is 0.549 and the intensity of the effect of intervening/ facilitating and contextual factors on governance strategies is equal to 0.610 and 0.533, respectively.

The results showed that the governance of the health system is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon and in order to improve it, a set of strategies must be implemented. In addition, it is suggested that according to the issues and threats facing the health system, a roadmap and a long-term plan should be developed in order to move towards the governance model proposed in the present study.

Outsourcing in the Ministry of Health is based on the reforming the structure of the health system and improving the quality of services. Therefore, the present study wanted to present the outsourcing model of services in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education with fuzzy Delphi technique in order to improve the quality of health services with emphasizing on hospitals.

The present research in terms of purpose, data research type, implementation method, was part of the exploratory research which has been done quantitatively and qualitatively in 2021. The statistical population was the outsourcing experts for a study between 59 universities of medical sciences in the country, 50 people were selected by purposive sampling method. They were selected for interviews to collect outsourcing indicators to present a suitable model. The indicators were mined data using the information gain method by Matlab software and the indicators were prioritized according to the scores given. A questionnaire was obtained from the prioritized indicators, which were summarized in 19 dimensions, and the same experts were given to complete in 2 consecutive periods. After completing the questionnaire by experts, fuzzy Delphi method was used for final analysis.

According to the obtained model, 44 factors are effective in outsourcing .These factors entered the Delphi poll. During 2 stages of fuzzy Delphi, consensus was reached on all 44 indicators. And the highest degree of expertise agreement with the flexibility component and the lowest level of agreement with the component of the certificate of competency to provide services were outsourced by the company.

According to the obtained model, various factors are effective in outsourcing services that need to be considered more in the planning of health centers, especially hospitals. According to the findings, it can be said that the related dimensions with considering the outsourcing services are specifically important .Due to the possibility of outsourcing among many health care units; it can be used for flexibility in providing services and patient satisfaction to manage health centers and hospitals.

Permit to work system  is a formal, documented and written system that aim to control risk of occupations that are considered potentially dangerous. The porpuse of this study was to identify and prioritize the criteria affecting the performance of the permit to work systeam  in an oil refinery.

The present study was designed and implemented in three steps. In the first step, by reviewing previous studies and conducting interviews with experts, the perimarly criteria were identified. In the second step, fuzzy delphi methode was used for determine the final criteria , in this step  opinions of 25 experts on the perimarly criteria were collected and combained . Finally,  fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used in order to weight and prioritize the identified criteria.

result of Fuzzy Delphi  methode was showed that six criteria,  risk identification and risk assessment, training and competence of individuals, preventive actions , communication, responsibility and coordination as criteria affecting the performance of the permit to work systeam . Prioritization of criteria using fuzzy hierarchical analysis showed that the criterion of responsibility )final weight 0.191( and coordination and communication criteria )final weight 0.134( have the highest and lowest importance among the identification criteria.

In this study, a model of decision making based on Delphi methods and fuzzy hierarchical analysis was introduced to identify the factors affecting the performance of the  permit to work system in an oil refinery.

Drug supply chain management is recognized as one of the main factors influencing the performance of the health sector. The aim of this study was to prioritize factors affecting sustainable drug supply chain management in pharmacies of teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences.

This applied, cross-sectional study was performed by using Delphi and fuzzy Demetel methods. To identify the factors affecting the management of sustainable drug supply chain in the pharmacies in question, a questionnaire was designed based on the supply-chain operation reference model and was distributed among experts to collect their opinions. The sampling method was purposeful. In the next step, fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the main factors and then, fuzzy Dimatel method was applied to determine and rank the Cause and Effect actors.

According to the findings, 23 factors were identified in five dimensions(reliability,accountability, flexibility, costs and asset management). The factors consisted of 6 exogenous and 17 endogenous factors, 10 of which were Cause factors and 7 were Effect factors.

The most important factors identified in the present study were related to asset management and the highest number of factors were pertinent to accountability, indicating the poor response of the management system of the studied pharmacies. Therefore, addressing these two dimensions is more recommended in the management of pharmacies.

Today, the provision of medical services to international patients around the world has received widespread attention. This opportunity is being applied to increase GDP and raise quality standards for health care services in centers. In Iran, one of the government programs is the expansion of medical tourism. The purpose of the present study is to Design a technological Entrepreneurship-Based medical Tourism Model in Iran.

The present research is applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose. Due to implementation, it is a Quantitative covered in correlational type. Throughout the first step, to identify the indicators of technological entrepreneurship- based Medical tourism, fuzzy Delphi method was used and in second step, Quantitative -Descriptive-method was applied (Factor-analysis method to practice as well as hierarchical method for grading).

Indicators of Structural Factors with Score 0.382, professional factors with score 0.250, management factors with Score 0.160, Staff Support with Score 0.101, External Factors with Score 0.064, and Inter-Organizational Interaction with Score 0.043 are in the most Priority, respectively.

The results showed that six major indices and 26 sub-indices were introduced as the most significant indices of Entrepreneurship Based Medical Tourism. Applying the mentioned indices is effective in developing and expanding medical tourism industry and can provide supports to the managers and policy makers of the industry.

The purpose of this study is the biorhythm management model of higher education managers based on fuzzy approach.

The combined research method and research design are also of the exploratory mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part of senior managers and professors of organizational behavior management in higher education centers and in the quantitative part, managers, deputies and faculty members of higher education centers in the west of Mazandaran province in the summer of 1399, was 1044 people. Snowball method of 15 experts, with semi-structured and structured questionnaire and in the quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher-made questionnaire with relative cluster sampling method was distributed among 281 samples. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Qualitative data were analyzed by fuzzy Delphi technique with SPSS software and quantitative data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with Smart PLS software.

The results of the qualitative part indicate that the biorhythm management model of higher education managers has four cycles and 28 dimensions of physical cycle (high mobility and energy, high physical strength, patience and physical stability, physical weakness, decreased physical ability, inactivity). And lethargy, doing useful things and excessive fatigue), mental cycle (interest in work and life, good humor, bad temper and temper tantrums, confusion and confusion, love of others, creativity in affairs and mobility in the face Behavior of others), intellectual cycle (promoting intelligence, comprehension and memory, forgetfulness, mental laziness, poor decision-making power, thinking power, gaining new ideas and not focusing on personal and work affairs) and intuitive cycle (Inner inspiration, strong sixth sense, absorption of negative energy and absorption of spiritual forces of nature).

The results of the quantitative section showed that all cycles and dimensions of the research formulation model were approved.

In order to succeed in today's world, one has to adapt to a reality called change. Therefore, managers can be a screener who defines environmental events in a specific way, and this is one of the important aspects of the organizational change process. The recent study is aimed to present of the formation pattern of entrepreneurial managers mental models in Mashhad educational hospitals.

The research is practical in terms of purpose, and reconnaissance nature with mixed approach. The 12  academic expertise  and hospital managers was participated by snowball technique to achieve theoretical saturation and the Indicators of Mental Models of 225 Managers' opinions was investigated based on murgun table. The method of the present study is qualitative-quantitative using fuzzy Delphi and Demetel Delphi method.

this research showed that the study showed that the sociology as the most influential, the skill the second influential variable and the personality had the least impact on other variables. The variables associated to each respectively of impact were for sociological, educational system, social incentives and role model. For the skill, success need, internal control center, predictive power, risk taking, tendency to creativity and innovation and for the personality, negotiation power, team building skill, planning ability, business management, decision-making power as the most important parameters.

Conclutions:

 The predictive power as the most effectiveness and tendency towards creativity and innovation as the most influential variable were on other variables.

Despite the widespread application of empowerment models, its various dimensions and components in higher education is not clear enough. The aim of this study is to identify dimensions and components of academic human resource empowerment of third and fourth generation of universities, and consequently, presents a conceptual model based on it.
In this research in addition to the documentary study, the Fuzzy Delphi technique was used to refine the factors and components. The survey was carried out in four steps in 2016, and results of each stage have been refined using fuzzy Delphi method formulas.
Staff and faculty empowerment model at the entrepreneurial and value-creating universities, in four dimensions and 22 components for faculties and 23 components for staff of the higher education system has been designed, and provided as a model for empowering the human resources of universities in Iran.
Presented model in this study, can evaluate empowerment of human resource of universities with approach of stablishing of third and fourth gneration universities, and and according to utilizing the backing a rich literature on the subject and various quantitative models, and measurable indicators, and using expert's opinions of empowerment, is an opportunity for universities to analyze the situation and benchmarking of successful experiences, act for presenting plans and actions to improvement.