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The global diabetes prevalence is rising.The comorbidity of diabetes and depression add complexity to diabetes management. The focus of new studies is on finding a way to improve psychological problems and increase the motivation of patients to perform and continue exercise and medical orders. The mindfulness has attracted special attention due to its focus on the thought patterns and emotions of people that can play an important role in controlling diabetes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of aerobic exercise with or without mindfulness in fasting blood sugar levels and depression among women with type 2 diabetes.

This study employed a semi-experimental design featuring a pre-test, post-test, and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of women with type 2 diabetes who were referred to Diabetes Center in 2023 in Karaj city. 60 participants were randomly selected and divided into four groups, with 15 individuals in each group. In addition to medical treatment, the aerobic exercise group participated in 12 sessions of exercises, while the second group underwent 12 sessions of mindfulness intervention. The third group received both 12 sessions of mindfulness and 12 sessions of aerobic exercises. The control group received only medical treatment. All four groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory during the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases, their fasting blood sugar levels were measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

The results revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of aerobic exercise compared to the combined aerobic exercise/mindfulness intervention (p=0.003), as well as between mindfulness therapy and the combined intervention (p=0.015) in reducing depression and fasting blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The combination of aerobic exercise and mindfulness was more effective in reducing both depression and fasting blood sugar.

The combination of aerobic exercise and mindfulness training has an ideal therapeutic effect in reducing fasting blood sugar levels and depression on patients with type 2 diabetes.
Although combination therapy showed promising results, more clinical trials are needed to assess effectiveness in different populations.

Nurses serve as a critical bridge between vulnerable communities and healthcare services, playing a vital role in medical care. Therefore, maintaining their mental health is essential. This study aimed to test a hypothesized model examining the structural relationships between mindfulness and self-efficacy with the mediation of emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in nurses.

This study employed a descriptive, structural equation modeling design. The target population included 894 nurses from hospitals in Sari, Iran. Using proportional stratified random sampling by gender, 255 participants were selected based on Klein's model. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-17) by Sherer et al., the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and John, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) by Baer et al., and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) by Dennis and Vander Wal. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and AMOS version 24.

Structural equation modeling indicated significant relationships between mindfulness and self-efficacy among nurses, mediated by emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility. The conceptual model demonstrated good fit with the data (p < 0.05, χ²/df = 2.843, RMSEA = 0.076, CFI = 0.907, t ≠ -1.96-1.96). Positive, significant relationships were observed between mindfulness and self-efficacy (p < 0.05, t = 3.751), mindfulness and emotion regulation (p < 0.05, t = 2.672), mindfulness and cognitive flexibility (p < 0.05, t = 8.699), emotion regulation and self-efficacy (p < 0.05,t = 5.414), and cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy (p < 0.05, t = 2.246). Furthermore, both emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility fully mediated the relationship between mindfulness and self-efficacy (p < 0.05).

Mindfulness and self-efficacy, mediated by emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility, play a significant role in enhancing nurses’ personal and professional well-being as well as their interpersonal relationships. These factors should be utilized to enhance mental health of nurses.

The prevalence of psychological problems in elderly Parkinson's patients is high, and interventions are needed to alleviate these problems. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression in elderly Parkinson's patients.

The research method was a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with Parkinson's disease with anxiety and depression who referred to psychiatric and psychological centers in Yazd in 2023, of which 30 people (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tools were Beck Anxiety Inventory (1961) and Beck Depression Inventory (1961). Mindfulness-based therapy intervention was performed in 12 sessions of 20 to 90 minutes, twice a week, on the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed using descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of covariance using SPSS version 24. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

In the anxiety variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group before the test was 93.36±17.77 and after the test was 73.13±11.77, and in the depression variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group before the test was 67.30±13.95 and after the test was 80.20±4.02. (P <0.01).

Based on the findings of the study, mindfulness-based therapy can be used to reduce anxiety and depression in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

Many studies have investigated biological processes and personality factors underlying addiction. However, it seems necessary to know the effe ctive mediating mechanisms between these factors and the phenomenon of addiction. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the modeling of tendency to substance use based on brain behavioral systems and delayed reward discounting with the mediation of mindfulness.

The present study was a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population of this study was made up of all people over 14 years of age in Tehran. From among the statistical population, 390 people were selected through convenience sampling. The research tools were: The Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, BIS/BAS Scale, Monetary-Choice Questionnaire and The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS and AMOS software were used.

The findings indicated the appropriateness of the intended model. The obtained results indicate the indirect effect of delayed reward discounting (p < 0.05, b = - 0.52) and the behavioral activation system (p <0.05, b = - 0.39) on active tendency to substance use was through mindfulness. Also, the results show the indirect effect of delayed reward discounting (p <0.05, b = - 0.61) and the behavioral activation system (p <0.05, b = 0.36) was on the passive tendency to use drugs through mindfulness In addition, the results showed that the research variables explained a total of 79% of the variance of the active tendency to use drugs and 65% of the variance of the passive tendency to use drugs.

The results of the present study indicate that the behavioral activation system and Delayed reward discounting, directly and indirectly through mindfulness, can play an important role in predicting the tendency to use drugs.Therefore, the findings of this research indicate the importance of the component of mindfulness as a clinical concept in preventive and therapeutic interventions related to the behavioral activation system and Delayed reward discounting in people who have a tendency to use substance.

attachment-related injuries can impact the quality of couples’ relationships. This study examines the effect of a combined program integrating attachment and relationship mindfulness training on the marital quality of newly married partners with attachment injury.

The study employed a semi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The sample included all 20- to 30-year-old couples with attachment injury who sought counseling services at psychological centers in Tehran’s Districts 5 and 13 in 2024. From this target population, 32 participants were selected through purposive sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (16 participants in each group). Data collection instruments included the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) and Relational-Connectivity Scale RCS. The experimental group received the combined attachment and mindfulness training in relationship over eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention and remained on a waiting list. Post-tests were conducted following the sessions, with a follow-up assessment two months later. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests via SPSS26.

The findings indicated that the combined attachment and mindfulness training program significantly improved marital quality in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.001, F = 100.46) with an effect size of 0.77. Relationship quality scores in the experimental group increased significantly and these improvements remained substantial at the follow-up stage.

This study underscores the importance of implementing educational approaches in marital relationships and suggests that similar programs be introduced across diverse communities to enhance marital quality. The findings can guide counselors and marital specialists in adopting more effective approaches when working with newly married couples with insecure attachment styles.

Chronic pain from knee osteoarthritis (KOA) induces adverse changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, negatively impacting patients’ cognitive function and diminishing their psychological and physical well-being. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neuromuscular exercises combined with motivational interviewing and mindfulness on pain, balance, kinesiophobia, quality of life (QOL), and gait patterns in patients with KOA.

Sixty patients with KOA were randomly assigned to three groups: Motivational Interviewing (n=20), Mindfulness (n=20), and a control group (n=20). All groups performed neuromuscular exercises. Outcomes were assessed before and after six weeks and included pain (primary outcome) measured by the Visual Analog Scale, QOL assessed by the SF-36, kinesiophobia evaluated using the Tampa Scale, balance measured by the Berg Balance Scale, and gait analyzed with a plantar pressure measurement device (secondary outcomes).

All groups showed significant improvements in pain, balance, kinesiophobia, and gait patterns after six weeks (p < 0.05). After adjusting for baseline scores, inter-group comparisons revealed that the Motivational Interviewing group experienced significantly greater improvements in pain (p = 0.0001), kinesiophobia (p = 0.02), balance (p = 0.002), and QOL (p = 0.02) compared to the Mindfulness group.

This study indicates that integrating psychological interventions - especially motivational Interviewing - with the physical benefits of neuromuscular exercises can more effectively reduce pain severity in KOA patients.

“Given the increasing population of elderly individuals and the various psychological challenges they face, such as feelings of loneliness and anxiety stemming from rejection, there is a growing necessity to focus on effective intervention methods. Mindfulness, as a psychological technique, can help individuals engage with their emotions and thoughts in a more constructive manner. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness on loneliness, sensitivity to rejection, and rumination in the elderl

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness on loneliness, sensitivity to rejection, and rumination in the elderly. The research method was semi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all elderly individuals residing in government-run nursing homes. Using a convenience sampling method, 50 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 participants) and a control group (15 participants). Data were collected using the Ruminative Response Scale by Nolen-Hoeksema (1991), the Russell Loneliness Scale (1980), and the Downey and Feldman Sensitivity to Rejection Scale (1996). The mindfulness program was implemented for the experimental group over eight 90-minute sessions, once a week. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS version 26.

The results indicated that mindfulness training significantly affected loneliness, sensitivity to rejection, and rumination in the elderly, and this effect remained significant during the follow-up period (P < 0.001).

Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that these results emphasize the importance of utilizing mindfulness techniques to enhance the mental health of the elderly and can serve as a foundation for designing effective intervention programs for this age group.

Academic optimism is an important component of education, and planners, managers, teachers, and students' parents have always focused on it. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of mindfulness and rumination in predicting academic optimism in students.

The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The research population included all the male and female students of the second secondary level of Birjand City in the academic year 2023-2024. One hundred twenty people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method, And they responded to Chadwick et al.'s Mindfulness Questionnaire (2008), Nolen Hoeksma and Maro's Rumination (1991), and Schengen Moran et al.'s (2013) Academic Optimism. SPSS version 24 software Pearson correlation statistical test and multiple linear regression model were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the relationship between mindfulness and academic optimism (r=0.695) was positive and significant (P<0.01), but the relationship between rumination and academic optimism (r=0.604) was negative and significant. Was (P>0.01). The components of mindfulness explain 48.5% and rumination 37.1% of the variance of academic optimism.

The research results emphasize the importance of mindfulness and rumination in students' academic optimism.

The purpose of this research was the effect of psychological intervention on the performance of Iraqi futsal players Semi-experimental research method and research design is pre-test-post-test with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of Iraqi futsal players in the city of Baghdad with an age range of 20 to 30 years. 30 people were selected based on entry and exit criteria and voluntarily and available. The samples were divided into two groups of 15 people (a control group and an experimental group) in a simple random manner. The research tool included LongoMatch v.1.8.3 software. The research protocol consisted of a ten-session intervention (PSTMI) consisting of an introductory session, eight skill sessions (goal setting, motor imagery, mindfulness/arousal regulation, and self-talk) and a final session derived from Josephson et al.'s (2017) research. . To analyze the research data, univariate analysis of covariance test was used. All statistical operations of the research were considered using SPSS version 25 software with a significance level of P<0.05. The results showed that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups for the variables of effective pass, missed pass and shooting is significant (p<0.001).Discussion and Therefore, it can be said that the intervention of mindfulness and psychological skills training is effective in reducing the missed pass and increasing the effective pass and shooting of Iraqi futsal players.

 Prostate cancer is the most common and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men worldwide. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and mindfulness on pain disability and death anxiety in patients with prostate cancer.

The design of this study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with prostate cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in the first 6 months of 2024. The study sample included 45 patients with prostate cancer who were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (15 people in each group). The first and second experimental groups underwent positive psychotherapy and mindfulness interventions for 8 60-minute sessions, respectively. Data collection tools included the Pollard Pain Disability Index (1984) and the Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970). Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance using SPSS version 24 software.

The findings of this study showed that both positive psychotherapy and mindfulness interventions significantly reduced pain disability and death anxiety compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings also indicated that positive psychotherapy was more effective than mindfulness in reducing pain disability in patients with prostate cancer (p<0.05).

According to the results obtained, it is suggested that health psychology counselors and therapists use two intervention

positive psychotherapy and mindfulness, with positive psychotherapy as the treatment priority, specifically to reduce pain disability and death anxiety in patients with prostate cancer.

Methadone users face psychological challenges that require training to support their treatment.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness group training and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) groups in enhancing resilience and self-efficacy among individuals undergoing methadone treatment.

This study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, control groups, and a follow-up phase. The research population included 2,500 individuals under the welfare organization’s supervision, receiving methadone treatment at addiction treatment centers in two Tehran cities in the second half of 2018. A total of 45 participants were chosen using convenience sampling, then randomly assigned to mindfulness, CBT, and control groups (15 people per group). Mindfulness training comprised eight 60-minute sessions, while CBT involved weekly 90-minute sessions for the experimental groups; the control group received no intervention. Participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Scherer & Maddox)
and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale at pre-test, post-test, and one month post-treatment. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests, with a significance level of 0.05.

The findings revealed that, post-intervention, the average resilience score in the mindfulness training group rose to 100.85±8.1, with self-efficacy also increasing to 66.70±5.20. In contrast, the CBT group showed an increase in resilience to 85.95±13.77 and in self-efficacy to 57.85±7.50 (P<0.001). Compared to CBT, mindfulness group training demonstrated a more enduring effect over a one-month follow-up period (P<0.005). Post-hoc tests confirmed that both interventions enhanced resilience and self-efficacy, with mindfulness training having a significantly greater impact (P<0.001).

The results confirmed that group mindfulness training and cognitive-behavioral group therapy positively impact the resilience and self-efficacy of individuals undergoing methadone treatment. It is recommended that counselors and therapists use these two therapeutic approaches when working with individuals in methadone treatment.

Organizational intelligence and self-efficacy play a crucial role in advancing organizational goals and can be influenced by various psychological approaches. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on organizational intelligence and job self-efficacy among employees of the National Bank. The research employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach and a control group. The statistical population consisted of employees from the National Bank of Mashhad. A total of 30 participants were selected through purposeful sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The research utilized Albrecht's Organizational Intelligence Questionnaire (2002) and the Job Self-Efficacy Scale by Riggs and Knight (1994) as assessment tools. The experimental group received eight 75-minute sessions of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, following the protocol established by Kabat-Zinn (2001), while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-23 software, employing multivariate covariance analysis. The findings indicated a significant difference between the average scores of organizational intelligence and job self-efficacy in the intervention and control group employees following the intervention. Specifically, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy led to increased organizational intelligence and job self-efficacy among National Bank employees (P < 0.001). Given the effectiveness of this approach on the aforementioned variables, it is recommended to implement mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a strategic method to enhance the individual and psychological capabilities of employees.

University students are the future builders of any society, and achieving this goal necessitates ensuring their psychological well-being.

The present research aimed to develop a structural model of university students’ psychological well-being based on mindfulness and ambiguity tolerance, with the mediating roles of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation.

The current study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, in 2023, from which a sample of 367 participants was selected using a convenience sampling method. The research instruments comprised Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale-Short Form, the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), the Ambiguity Tolerance Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Structural equation modeling using AMOS software was employed for data analysis.

In the present study, the goodness-of-fit (GFI) indices supported a satisfactory fit of the model to the collected data (χ2/df = 1.945, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.903, GFI = 0.931, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.059).

The results demonstrated that university students’ psychological well-being was predicted based on mindfulness and ambiguity tolerance, with the mediating roles of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation. Thus, it is recommended that mindfulness and emotion regulation training courses be held for university students to foster improvements in ambiguity tolerance, cognitive flexibility, and psychological well-being

Adolescents need to use various cognitive and emotion regulation strategies in order to face stressful situations and identifying effective therapeutic and educational interventions in this field can increase their performance and cognitive flexibility. The purpose of the present study was to Compare the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy and cognitive-behavioral game therapy on the emotional creativity of teenage girls in Amol City.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up period. The statistical population of the research is made up of all the female students of the first and seventh grades of the public schools of Amel City in the academic year of 2023. A number of 45 people were selected based on available sampling according to the criteria for entering the research and they were randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group, 15 people each. April's emotional creativity questionnaire (1991) was used to collect data. Summary of mindfulness training sessions taken from Kabat-Zinn (2003) in 8 60-minute sessions and summary of cognitive-behavioral game therapy sessions taken from Springer et al. (2012) in 10 30-minute sessions on experimental groups. And there was no intervention for the control group. To analyze the data, repeated measurement variance analysis was used in SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that mindfulness therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy have an effect on the emotional creativity of female first-secondary school students in Amel City (P≤0.01). However cognitive-behavioral game therapy is more effective than mindfulness training on emotional creativity (P≤0.01).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness treatments and cognitive-behavioral play therapy can be effective on the emotional creativity of adolescents due to the emphasis of both on the aspects of emotional management and control of adolescents.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Patients with MS suffer from problems such as negative emotions and poor emotion regulation. The present study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (MICBT) on negative emotions and emotion regulation in patients with MS.

This research was a semi-experimental study using a pre-test-post-test with a control group. A total of 52 patients with MS referring to Shafa Hospital in Kerman city, were selected by the convenience sampling method in 2023 and were randomly divided into two experimental (26 people) and control (26 people) groups. Patients completed the questionnaire of depression, anxiety and stress scale - 21 items (DASS 21) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski in the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed in the descriptive section using independent t-test and chi-square tests, and in the inferential section using multivariate analysis of covariance, using SPSS 24 software.

The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative emotional strategies in the post-test (P < 0/001). Comparison of mean values showed that in the MICBT group, depression (14/46), stress (16/85) and anxiety (11/38) and negative emotion regulation strategies (M=35/38) decreased, while positive emotion regulation strategies (M=75/35) increased significantly.

MICBT is suggested as an effective method in reducing depression, stress, anxiety and improving cognitive regulation of emotions in patients with MS.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered a serious problem in educational environments and has significant negative impacts on the psychological well-being of students. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered mindfulness therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional-cognitive empathy of primary school students with ADHD experiencing bullying.

This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up over a six-month period in Isfahan city. A purposive sampling method was employed, and 54 boy students aged 9-11 years meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to three groups of 18 participants including child-centered mindfulness therapy (N=18), acceptance and commitment therapy (N=18), and a control group (N=18). Data were collected using the child and adolescent empathy questionnaire. Participants in the first group received child-centered mindfulness therapy in 10 60-minute sessions, conducted twice a week, while participants in the second experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy in 9 60-minute sessions, conducted twice a week. By the end of the study, 15 participants remained in each group. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, utilizing SPSS software version 26.

The results indicated that both child-centered mindfulness therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were effective in enhancing emotional empathy (p<0/05) and cognitive empathy (p<0/05).This effectiveness was also maintained at the follow-up stage (p< 0/05). However, no significant differences were observed between the effectiveness of the interventions (p>0/05).

The results of this study indicated that both child-centered mindfulness therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy significantly affected emotional and cognitive empathy in students with ADHD and can be utilized by therapists.

Maladjusted couples have many marital problems and couple therapy methods can play an effective role in reducing their problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness on marital trust and marital life quality in maladjusted couples. The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was maladjusted couples who referred to counseling and psychological services centers and clinics of Ahvaz City in the autumn of 2023 (approximately 250 couples). The sample size for each group was considered 12 couples, and these couples were selected by purposive sampling method. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes under couple therapy based on mindfulness and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using Marital Adjustment, Marital Trust, and Marital Life Quality Scales and analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate analysis of covariance. According to chi-square test results, there wasn’t any significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of education level, age, and marriage duration (p>0.05). Also, according to multivariate analysis of covariance results, couple therapy based on mindfulness led to an increase in marital trust (F=227.22, p<0.001) and marital life quality (F=167.65, p<0.001) in maladjusted couples. Considering the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness on increasing marital trust and marital life quality in maladjusted couples, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use this method along with other effective methods to improve the psychological characteristics in vulnerable groups.