زنان سالمند

One of the most important social developments of the 21st century is older people struggling with problems such as muscle mass loss and vitamin D deficiency. The present study investigated the effect of combined exercises with and without blood flow restriction and vitamin D supplementation on serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in older women.

This study was conducted as a clinical trial on 40 older women in three intervention groups and a control group in the spring of 2021. The people in the intervention group were subjected to the exercise program for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Combined exercises included aerobic + resistance exercises (with an intensity of 80% 1 maximum repetition) and combined exercises with blood flow restriction (20%-30% 1 maximum repetition). In the supplement group, a 50000 mg vitamin D capsule was used once a week. ALP indices vitamin D supplement amount was measured in two stages before and after the test. Data analysis was done using analysis of covariance and paired t-test in SPSS software at a significance level of α=0.05. 

The present study showed that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on ALP levels (P˃0.05). While combined exercises with and without blood flow restriction significantly affected the target index (P˂0.05).

It seems that combined exercises with and without blood flow restriction have a positive effect on the level of ALP in older women, while taking vitamin D supplements alone in the short term cannot have beneficial effects on the level of ALP in older women.

Through the sense of coherence, it is possible to justify why a person can tolerate a high level of stress and remain healthy. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of “Self-Coherence Training for Elderly” on psychological well-being in elderly women living in Tehran.

The current research is a pilot study. Due to the small number of samples and the newness of the "Self-Coherence Training for Elderly", in order to find out the possible strengths and weaknesses of the content and the time allocated to each of the techniques and strategies to improve cohesion, in 3 stages: pre-test, post-test and 2-month follow-up was conducted with the control group. The statistical population of the research included all the elderly people 60 to 65 years old living in Tehran in 2023, of which 20 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly in 2 groups, 10 people in the intervention group and 10 people in the intervention group. were placed in the control group. The data collection tool included a demographic questionnaire and the "Short-Form Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale" which was implemented on the subjects in order to collect information in 3 stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. For the validity of the instruments, previous researches were used and reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data was analyzed in SPSS. 22.

"Self-Coherence Training for Elderly" had an effect on the total score of psychological well-being and its 2 components (self-acceptance and having a purpose in life) in elderly women (P>0.05) and the durability of the treatment effect was maintained after 2 months (P>0.05). In addition, "Self-Coherence Training for Elderly" was not effective on 4 components of psychological well-being (environmental mastery, positive relationship with others, personal growth and independence) in elderly women.

"Self-Coherence Training for Elderly” improved the psychological well-being of the elderly. Therefore, it is suggested that clinical psychologists and therapists take help from the above training in their interventions, especially in the field of psychological well-being.

With aging, cellular changes cause a decrease in the function of the immune system in the elderly. Aging is associated with impaired local inflammatory response necessary to control pathogens. Regular exercise is a healthy lifestyle behavior that can reduce the immune system-related health problems in the elderly. This study aims to compare the effect of six weeks of aerobic exercise and wet cupping on immunoglobulins (IgG, IgE and IgA) in older women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 40 inactive older women aged 55-65 years participated. Based on Vo2max and BMI, they were randomly divided into four groups: Aerobic exercise (n=10), one time cupping (n=10), two times cupping (n=10), and control (n=10). Aerobic exercises with an intensity of 60-75% of heart rate reserve was performed three times a week for six weeks. The wet cupping was done once in the third week of the study and twice in the second and fifth weeks of the study. Before (pre-test) and 48 hours after the end of the last training session (post-test), blood sampling was done to measure IgG, IgE and IgA levels. The analysis of covariance was used for within-group comparison and paired t-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test scores in SPSS software version 25. The significance level was set at 0.05.

After six weeks of aerobic exercise and wet cupping, the serum levels of IgG (P=0.003), IgE (P=0.013) and IgA (P=0.026) decreased significantly compared to the control group. The decreases were higher in the aerobic group. The results of paired t-test showed a significant decrease in IgG, IgE and IgA levels after interventions in the aerobic and two times cupping groups, compared to their pre-test levels.

It seems that aerobic exercise and wet cupping can affect the immune system of older women. These interventions can be used to prevent diseases caused by aging and improve the function of immunoglobulins in older women.

 Today, along with increasing life expectancy in societies, the quality of life of the elderly as a multifaceted issue has been the focus of researchers, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of resilience and sense of psychological cohesion in predicting the quality of life in elderly women.

 The research method was descriptive-correlation. The research population included all the elderly women covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee of South Khorasan province in the fall of 2023, 120 people were selected based on the formula of Tabachnick & Fidell (2013). Data collection tools included Connor & Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaires, Antonovsky's (1987) sense of psychological cohesion, and WHO (2000) quality of life. Data analysis was done with Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with the help of SPSS 24 software.
Ethical Considerations: In this research, the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness were respected and the participants answered the questionnaires knowing the objectives of the research.

 The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between resilience (r=0.663) and feeling of psychological cohesion (r=0.580) with the quality of life of elderly women. Also, Resilience by 43.5% and the components of feeling of psychological cohesion by 32.1% has an effect on the quality of life of elderly women.

 Based on the results, it can be said that the quality of life of elderly women can be improved by improving the level of resilience and feeling of psychological cohesion.

One of the most common problems in old age is chronic pain. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in reducing the pain intensity of older women.

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pretest/posttest/one-month follow-up design. The study population consists of all women aged ≥60 in Isfahan, Iran, in 2023. From this population, 30 women were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the entry criteria. They were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The research tool was the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The intervention group received the MBCT in eight two-hour sessions, while the control group was put on the waiting list. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25.

The mean age of women was 64.07±3.37 years in the intervention group and 64.20±3.57 in the control group. The mean total score of pain intensity in the intervention and control groups was 22.67 and 35.13 respectively in the post-test phase and 23.60 and 35.07 in the follow-up phase, respectively. The results showed a significant difference between the mean of the three assessment phases  in all subscales and the total score (P<0.01). The results of the Bonferroni test indicated the effectiveness of the intervention in the post-test and follow-up phases for all subscales compared to the control group (P≤0.05).

The MBCT can reduce the pain intensity of older women.

Considering the importance of population aging phenomenon and psychological problems of the elderly, it is very important to identify ways to improve the psychological health of the elderly, so the present study was conducted with the aim of the role of emotional capital and resilience in predicting the psychological health of elderly women.

In a descriptive-correlation study, 120 people were selected as a sample from the researched community, which included all the elderly women covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) relief committee of South Khorasan province in the fall of 2023, using available sampling method. The collection of information included emotional capital questionnaires of Golperor (2015), Connor and Davidson's resilience (2003) and the psychological health subscale of the World Health Organization (2000). In data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were used with the help of SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that there was a direct relationship between emotional capital and resilience with the psychological health of elderly women, and emotional capital predicted 35.6% and resilience 15.7% of the variance of psychological health of elderly women (p<0.01).

The research results have provided practical implications for experts in the field of geriatric psychology, so that by increasing emotional capital and resilience, the psychological health of elderly women can be increased.

In recent years, the distribution of the country's population has changed towards older ages, and the aging phenomenon can be seen in Iran as in other parts of the world. Considering the increasing trend of the share of the elderly in the country's total population, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of basic psychological needs on life satisfaction with regard to the mediating role of emotional empathy and resilience in elderly women. The present research method was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all the elderly women living in the nursing home of Shiraz city in 2023. then 210 of whom were selected by available sampling. The research tools included Deci & Ryan’s basic psychological needs questionnaires of (2000), Diener's life satisfaction questionnaire (1985), Davis' emotional empathy questionnaire (1983) and Connor & Davidson’s resilience questionnaire (2003). Pearson's correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure. The results showed that basic psychological needs had a direct effect on life satisfaction and indirectly, through resilience and emotional empathy, on life satisfaction (p-value <0.01). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the increase in emotional empathy and resilience among the elderly provides their basic needs and leads to an increase in life satisfaction.

 

Happiness as a positive inner experience and one of the indicators of mental health which is the result of people’s cognitive and emotional evaluation of their lives has been of interest to many psychologists in the last decade. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effectiveness of happiness promotion model in positive mood and health of the older adults.</span></span></span>

The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and an empirical research in terms of data collection method. This research was conducted as a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design and a two-month follow-up. The research statistical population comprised all the older adults aged 60 to 65 years living in Tehran (Iran) in 2023, of which 20 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each containing 10 subjects. The research tools included subscale of positive mood and health was the Oxford Happiness Inventory (2000), which were used by the subjects to collect information in three stages of pretest, posttest and follow-up. In order to analyze the data. In order to analyze the data, repeated variance measurement test were used.</span></span>

Based on the results between subjects, it can be said that in the variable of positive mood and health, the F value observed at the level of 0.01 shows a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, and the effect size for the component of positive mood and health 0.34 and 0.48 were obtained, respectively, which indicates the average effect of the happiness promotion model on positive mood and health in the older adults. Also, based on the results within the subject, it can be said that the effect of time interaction in the group was also significant; This means that time has no effect in reducing the effectiveness of this treatment method, from post-test to follow-up (p>0.05).</span></span>

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that teaching the happiness promotion model should be considered as an effective intervention in improving the health status of the older adults. In other words, considering that strengthening happiness in old age has a significant effect on improving health and positive mood, appropriate policies and plans should be made to promote happiness in older adults.</span></span>

Aging is a natural phenomenon in the path of human evolution. The elderly face many challenges at this stage. Anxiety, depression, and grief over the loss of loved ones can affect the general well-being of an elderly person. Structured reminiscence therapy is one of the therapeutic methods used to improve mental health and general well-being of the elderly. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of structured reminiscing on the dimensions of general well-being of elderly women in Yazd.

The quasi-experimental research method was a pretest-posttest type with a control group, and the statistical population included all the elderly women in Yazd city in 1402. Among them, 46 people were selected by purposeful sampling and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tool used in this research was general well-being questionnaire of Harold G. and Dapoy. Structured reminiscing was conducted on the experimental group during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using statistical software Spss25 and Manova test.

The results showed that structured reminiscing had an effect on the dimensions of general well-being, including anxiety, depression, positive well-being, feeling of self-control, and general health. Regarding the feeling of vitality dimension, the training could not be effective and there was no improvement in this dimension.

Therefore, structured reminiscence is used as an intervention to improve the dimensions of general well-being of the elderly women, and mental health of the elderly.

Feelings of loneliness can affect the mental health of the elderly and lead to cognitive problems. As a potentially effective treatment approach, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as an intervention to alleviate loneliness among the elderly. This study aims to determine the effect of CBT on alleviating loneliness among elderly women referred to health centers in Khomeini Shahr.

Methods & Materials: 

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 on a sample of 60 elderly women who had been referred to health centers in Khomeini Shahr. The participants were conveniently selected and then randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Deshiri et al’s loneliness questionnaire, which were administered before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The intervention group received eight counseling sessions of CBT that lasted for 60 minutes each, while the control group did not receive any counseling. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 23, employing descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results obtained from conducting a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant statistical difference in the mean score of loneliness resulting from communication with family, the score of emotional symptoms of loneliness and the total score of loneliness in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the control group (P>0.05). Furthermore, when comparing the mean score of loneliness resulting from communication with friends in the intervention group, no statistically significant difference was observed before and after the intervention (P=0.094). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was observed in the control group (P=0.338).

The results of the current study indicate that CBT is an effective approach to alleviate loneliness in elderly women. Therefore, it is suggested that this method be implemented as a means to reduce feelings of loneliness among elderly women.

Elderly is a sensitive period of human life and paying attention to their movement and cognitive needs is a necessity. The aim of the current research was to compare the effect of mindfulness exercises and PETTLEP mental imagery on the balance and continuous attention of elderly women.

The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design. The statistical population of the present study was the elderly of Yazd city, Iran, and the statistical sample included 45 elderly women with the age range of 60-75 years in a targeted and accessible manner, who were randomly assigned to three groups of mindfulness (15 people), PETTLEP mental imagery (15 people), and control (15 people) groups. First, a pre-test was performed for all three groups and then, the experimental groups trained according to the protocol for eight weeks and three sessions per week. At the end of the exercises, a post-test was taken from all three groups.

The results of analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test showed that there was no significant difference between the mindfulness group and PETTLEP's mental imagery in static balance (P=0.001), but there was a significant difference between the control group with mindfulness (P=0.001) and with PETTLEP visualization (P=0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the mindfulness group and PETTLEP mental imagery (P = 0.001), the control group with mindfulness (P = 0.03), and the control group with PETTLEP imagery in dynamic balance (P = 0.001). Also, there was no significant difference in the correct answer between the mindfulness-awareness group and the PETTLEP mental imagery group (P = 0.001). However, there was a significant difference between the control group with mindfulness (P=0.001) and the control group with PETTLEP visualization (P=0.001).

In general, the results of this research showed that the intervention based on mindfulness and mental imagery of PETTLEP has a significant effect on the movement functions of elderly women. Also, compared to the control group, the experimental groups had a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance factors of continuous attention. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to trainers and those involved in geriatric affairs to use mindfulness and visualization exercises to improve balance and attention in old age.

Old age is a critical period in life. Due to advances in technologies and improvement in healthy conditions, the number of aged population is increasing. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of a psychological empowerment program on life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran, Iran.

The study population consists of all women aged 60-70 years referred to a charity foundation in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Of these, 24 women were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Using a pre-test/post-test design, the elderly first completed the life satisfaction index-Z and the attitude towards aging questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received the psychological empowerment program at 8 sessions. After the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data in SPSS software, version 19. 

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.027).

There was a significant difference in life satisfaction (F=9.673, P=0.006) and attitudes towards aging (F=8.385, P=0.009) between the two groups. The psychological empowerment program significantly improved life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging in older women. 

The psychological empowerment program is effective in improving life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran. It can be used by experts in the fields of counseling, geriatrics, psychology, and health.

The aim of this study was the effect of physical activity (walking) on ​​safety status, self-efficacy and quality of life in elderly women.

The present study was a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group according to the applied purpose and its method.  The statistical population of the study included all elderly women in Babol in 1400.  30 people were selected as a sample according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups.  Lipad quality of life questionnaires, general self-efficacy (GSE), immune system status questionnaire (ISQ) were used to collect data. In the next stage, exercise was performed in 6 sessions for the experimental group.  At the end of the sessions, questionnaires were administered to both experimental and control groups.  Data were analyzed with SPSS26 software.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that in terms of quality of life, immune system status and self-efficacy in the post-test phase, there is a significant difference between groups and it can be said that physical activity (walking) on ​​safety status, self-efficacy and quality  Life has been effective in elderly women (P <0.05).

Physical activity (walking) plays an important role in quality of life, immune system status and self-efficacy and targeting this variable can be effective in improving quality of life, immune system status and self-efficacy.

 Balance deficiency is one of the risk factors for falls, injury or even death of the elderly. This study aimed to investigate The Effect of a Fall Proof training on balance and fear of falling in older women was conducted. 

 This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Thirty elderly women aged 60-70 years were selected as available for the sample. Subjects were randomly divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. To assess static and dynamic balance, Sharpend Romberg test and time up and go test and to assess fear of falling the fear of falling questionnaire were used. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 60 minutes by experimental group, while the control group did not do any exercise. Analysis of covariance and paired t-test were used to analyze the data

The results of this study showed that a period of Fall Prof Training significantly increased static (P=0.01) and dynamic balance (P=0.01) and a significant decrease in fear of falling (P=0.01) In the experimental group compared to the control group.

 Due to the weak balance and high fear of falling in the elderly, based on the findings of this study, we can use fall proof exercises in elderly rehabilitation and exercise.

Old age is a significant period in life and due to the development of science and improvement in health conditions, the number of elderly participants is increasing in various societies. To promote the adjustment of the elderly population in the society, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction and attitudes toward aging elderly. Therefore, the present study aimed at effectiveness of psychological empowerment on life satisfaction and attitudes toward aging elderly women in Tehran city.

The statistical population included all women aged 60 to 70 years in Tehran in 1399-1400. 24 participants (12 in the control group and 12 in the experimental group) were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups by available sampling method. Using a pre-test and post-test pilot design with a control group, the elderly first completed life satisfaction and attitudes toward aging questionnaires and then performed a psychological application of psychological empowerment in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the post-test sessions for both groups was presented. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data using SPSSV19 software.

Ethical Considerations: 

This study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Arak of Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.027).

The results showed that psychological empowerment training program on life satisfaction (F = 9.673 and p = 0.006) and attitudes toward aging (F = 8.385 and p = 0.009) between the two groups in two stages. Evaluation has made a significant difference. This means that the psychological empowerment program promoted life satisfaction and attitudes toward aging.

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that psychological empowerment program is effective on life satisfaction and aging attitude of older women and the knowledge of experts in the fields of counseling, aging, psychology and health of these trainings can be helpful.

Nordic walking training has many benefits in improving the condition of the disabled elderly. Then the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nordic walking training on plasma levels of PGC1α and SIRT6 in elderly women with diabetes.

In this quasi-experimental study, 27 elderly women (age: 65.45±2.70 years) with type 2 diabetes were selected and randomly divided into control groups (n=14) and experimental groups (n= 13). Then, the experimental group performed exercise protocol of Nordic walking training, three days per week for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after the training protocol. ELISA kit was used to measure the biochemical variables of the research.

The analysis of data showed that the levels of PGC1α and SIRT6 in the exercise group compared to the control group increased significantly (P<0.001) and glucose, insulin and resistance of insulin decreased significantly (P<0.001).

Nordic walking training, could reduce glucose, insulin and resistance insulin and increases PGC1α and SIRT6 in elderly women with diabetes, and help improve the metabolic system of the elderly.

The coronavirus disease, as an emerging disease with global spread and high mortality rates among vulnerable groups, in addition to physical symptoms, has led to the occurrence of many psychological disorders such as death anxiety and feeling of loneliness due to the fear of infection. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group logotherapy and solution-oriented therapy on anxiety and feeling of loneliness in the elderly with the fear of coronavirus. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and a control group design. The statistical population consisted of the elderly women who took part in the daily rehabilitation centers of the Welfare Institution (Sazman-e Behzisti), in Tabriz, among whom 36 eligible individuals were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and one control groups. measuers applied in the current study incuded Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale and Russell et al.’s UCLA Loneliness Scale. The experimental groups underwent ten 90-minute therapy sessions, separately and with two different approaches, while the control group did not receive any intervention at the same time. The data were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24 software. The results indicated that logotherapy and Solution-oriented therapy have a significant effect on reducing death anxiety and feeling of loneliness (P<0.05). Although, there was no significant difference between two experimental groups in reducing death anxiety (P>0.05), there was a significant difference between the two experimental groups in reducing loneliness, in a way that the effectiveness of logotherapy was greater (P<0.05). According to the results, logotherapy and solution-oriented therapy can be applied to improve the death anxiety and feeling of loneliness among elderly women with fear of coronavirus. The results indicated that logotherapy and Solution-oriented therapy had a significant effect on reducing death anxiety and feeling of loneliness compared to the control group (P< 0/05). However, there was no significant difference between two experimental groups regarding death anxiety (P> 0/05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two experimental groups regarding loneliness (P< 0/05), and the effectiveness of logotherapy was greater. According to the results, logotherapy and Solution oriented therapy can be applied to improve the death anxiety and feeling of loneliness among elderly women with fear of coronavirus.

Positive thinking believes that positive emotions and abilities are the best factors for preventing psychological trauma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of positivity training on anxiety tolerance, sleep quality, and resilience in older women in Kermanshah.

This semi-experimental study was performed based on a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the current study was all older women in Kermanshah. Thirty women were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (15=experimental group and 15=control group). Data were collected using the distress tolerance scale, sleep quality scale, and Neill and Dias’s resilience scale. First, a pre-test was administered to both groups, next, the positivity training was performed in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Then, a post-test was administered to both groups, and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.

The results of the analysis of covariance showed that positivity training had a significant effect on sleep quality and resilience in older women in Kermanshah.

This study indicated that positivity training was an effective intervention for the elderly. Due to the increase in the number of elderly people in Iran, positivity training can be effective in increasing their quality of life.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical activity of the elderly because these restrictions have forced them to stay at home. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Internet-based aerobic exercise on static and dynamic balance of older women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 The study population consists of all older women in Kermanshah, Iran. Thirty inactive older women participated in the study voluntarily and were randomly divided into exercise and control groups. Static and dynamic balance of participants was measured using stork balance test and timed up and go test, respectively before and after the training protocol. The exercise group performed aerobic exercises provided to them via the Internet on their smartphones, for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. In order to increase the training intensity, the number of movements and repetitions were gradually increased such that the rhythm of aerobic exercises increased from 40 beats per minute to 90 beats per minute in last session. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 23 software were used to analyze the data.

 The balance changes from pretest to post-test phase were significant in the exercise group, but not significant in the control group. The internet-based aerobic exercise had a significant effect on static and dynamic balance of older women (P=0.001).

 Performing aerobic exercises provided via the Internet on smartphones can improve the static and dynamic balance of older women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is recommended that older women use Internet-based aerobic exercises to improve their balance skills during the pandemic.