سالمند

Considering special needs, paying attention to health-promoting behaviors, and adopting a healthy lifestyle during old age is of considerable importance. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of explaining the relationship between self-efficacy and health-related lifestyle in the elderly.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 370 elderly people of Mallard City, Iran, by
multi-stage random sampling method. To collect data, lifestyle questionnaires related to health in the elderly and Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used. Data were tested and analyzed using descriptive statistics (central and dispersion indices), Pearson's correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) in EQS and SPSS software.

Examining the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) results indicated that the model had a good fit and GFI was found to be within the acceptable range. Furthermore, the analysis of the research hypotheses revealed that the self-efficacy scores of the elderly had a direct and significant relationship with the overall health-related lifestyle score and all its components (P < 0.001).

Self-efficacy has a direct relationship with the lifestyle related to health and all its components, especially exercise and prevention, and can be one of the most important factors influencing health behaviors. Educational and especially intervention measures are emphasized to increase self-efficacy in the elderly.

The increase in the elderly population causes an increase in the intolerance of caregiving pressure and an increase in violence and misbehavior towards the elderly. The present study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the BASNEF Model on abuse toward elders in the family.

A semi-experimental pre- and post-test study was conducted on 90 elderly people who were referred to comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad, Iran. Two comprehensive health service centers were divided into intervention and control by simple random allocation. The research units (elderly and caregivers of elderly misbehaving) in each center were selected by convenient sampling method up to 45 people for each group. Before the start of the intervention, the "Abuse with the Elderly Questionnaire" and "BASNEF model questionnaire" were completed by elderly caregivers for both groups. Then, education based on the BASNEF model was carried out for 5 weeks and one 60-minute session every week in the intervention group. One month after the last session, the questionnaires were completed again by the caregivers of both groups.

In this study, the average age of the elderly was 71 ± 6.7 and the caregivers who misbehaved were 28.36 ± 6.9 years old. The results of the intervention group showed that there was a significant decrease in the average score of Abuse towards the elderly after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P < 0.001) and all dimensions of the BASNEF model structures increased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.001). The control group did not show a significant change.

Developing an education program based on the BASNEF model is beneficial and effective in reducing the abuse toward elders.

 The most effective and practical strategy to maintain the health of the elderly against infectious diseases is prevention through vaccination, and despite the production of numerous vaccines around the world, the success of vaccination depends on its public acceptance. Despite the beneficial effects of vaccination in recent years, many advertisements from various groups in Iran have been against vaccination, which has targeted the elderly community in particular. The present study was designed with the aim of determining the validity and reliability of the Persian version of "Vaccination Attitude Tool (VAX)" in Iranian elderly.

The present study was a methodological study and was conducted on 240 Persian-speaking elderly people who referred to health centers in Abadan city with available sampling . The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, content validity ratio and content validity index and using SPSS software, version 22, and AMOS software, version 22.

The average age of the elderly was 67 years old, and 61.3% of the participants were male. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, and the convergent validity between the VAX and Co-VASA questionnaires was reported with a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.78. With confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that the 4 factors proposed by the instrument manufacturer are approved and the model obtained from these factors has a good fit. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated and reported through Cronbach's alpha, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability of 0.89, 0.9 and 0.71, respectively.

The final form of the Persian version of the VAX instrument has 12 items, whose face and content validity is confirmed. The internal reliability coefficient and stability of this test are acceptable and excellent. Therefore, the Persian version of the VAX questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool to determine the attitude of the elderly towards vaccination.

The aging population is increasing rapidly in the world. Frailty is one of the most important problems in older adults. Frailty can be prevented by identifying risk factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults in Izeh City in 2023.

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. 210 elderly people participated in this study. Sampling was done using the accessible method from the elderly referred to the comprehensive urban health center in Izeh city who met the entry criteria in 1402. Data were collected using the Tilburg Frailty Index (TFI) and polypharmacy. SPSS version 24 computer software was used for data analysis.

The average age of the participants was 72.12 ± 4.5, of which 110 were women and 100 were men. The number of non-frail elderly was 135 and the frail elderly was 75. Age was the only variable that was able to predict frailty in older adults (age groups 75-85 years (β = 1.4, P = 0.005) and over 85 years (β = 2.4, P = 0.0001).

The findings showed that old age increases the level of vulnerability and polypharmacy had no significant relationship with vulnerability. Therefore, the health system should consider screening and necessary interventions for the elderly.

Nursing homes provide a variety of services, including mental health services and social work to the older adults. Since these services, unlike medical services, are of subjective nature, how service providers perceive and give meaning to their services, beyond organizational guidelines, provides a more realistic understanding of psychosocial services. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the nature and process of psychosocial services based on the perceptions of service providers to the elderly.

The research method was qualitative. The study population was all psychosocial service providers in nursing homes in Tehran in 2023.  By using purposive sampling, 18 psychologists and social workers who had at least one year of experience in nursing homes were semi-structurally interviewed and then concepts and categories were extracted using thematic analysis.

Data analysis showed that, regarding the service providers' understanding of the nature of psychosocial services, three themes and 11 concepts were obtained, which were: maintaining social bonds, protecting psycho-cognitive function, and involving the family. The process of providing psychosocial services also included three themes and 11 concepts. The themes were: psycho-cultural assessment, personalizing services that are essentially the same with physical priority over psychological, and considering interactions with the elderly.

The results showed that although maintaining the social interactions of the older adults is important, provision of psychosocial services is mainly aimed at adjustment of the older adults to the nursing home environment, and physical rehabilitation is still prioritized over psychosocial rehabilitation.

 Satisfactory communication is one of the important factors associated with successful aging. This study identifies the dimensions of satisfactory communication from the viewpoint of Iranian older adults in 2023.

 This qualitative study was performed on 15 older adults who were selected by a purposeful sampling method from Bojnurd City, Iran. The data were obtained using semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach. The MAXQDA software, version 2020 was used for data management.

 The average age of the participants was 68.64±7.61 years. Four main and nine sub-main categories were developed, including satisfactory communication with family (leadership, supportive-caring, and daily communication), self-communication (optimistic and coping communication), communication with God (demanding and confabulating communication), and peer communication (feeling and memory sharing). The most frequent category was satisfactory communication with family.

 It is necessary to inform the society, the older adults’ families, and their caregivers about satisfactory communication among them, especially supportive-care communication. Also, considering the importance of self-communication and communication with God in satisfactory communication dimensions, it is necessary to pay attention to their need for solitude and participation in religious ceremonies. There is also a need to provide conditions for more communication between the older adults and their families and peers in the community.

Considering the rapid increase in the number of elderly people and the lack of infrastructure to provide services to this group, all responsible organizations, in collaboration with the elderly and their families, must set a strategic goal and purposefully guide the community towards community-based care. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the challenges of underdeveloped elderly day care centers and providing management solutions for the development of these centers.

This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2023 through interviews with 13 experts and managers in the field of aging in the city of Isfahan. For this purpose, a review of the literature related to the research topic was conducted, and in consultation with the supervising and advising professors, semi-structured interview questions were designed to identify the relevant themes of the research objective. After data collection, the data were analyzed using MAXQDA10 software.

Ultimately, 203 semantic codes and 10 subcategories were identified, and finally, 5 main categories. Financial challenges, challenges in human resource provision, the impact of COVID-19 on elderly day care centers, cultural and social challenges of elderly day care centers.

With proper planning and the involvement of stakeholders and decision-makers in the field of aging, the results of this research can be utilized to advance the development of senior day care centers and prevent future crises and challenges related to aging.

The prevalence of psychological problems in elderly Parkinson's patients is high, and interventions are needed to alleviate these problems. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression in elderly Parkinson's patients.

The research method was a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with Parkinson's disease with anxiety and depression who referred to psychiatric and psychological centers in Yazd in 2023, of which 30 people (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tools were Beck Anxiety Inventory (1961) and Beck Depression Inventory (1961). Mindfulness-based therapy intervention was performed in 12 sessions of 20 to 90 minutes, twice a week, on the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed using descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of covariance using SPSS version 24. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

In the anxiety variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group before the test was 93.36±17.77 and after the test was 73.13±11.77, and in the depression variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group before the test was 67.30±13.95 and after the test was 80.20±4.02. (P <0.01).

Based on the findings of the study, mindfulness-based therapy can be used to reduce anxiety and depression in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

With the increasing elderly population in the world and Iran, improving their quality of life is of great importance. Residential satisfaction is a key factor in enhancing the quality of life for the elderly, influenced by factors such as the physical environment, healthcare services, social support, social and recreational activities, and physical and mental health, which have varying impacts in different urban contexts. The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting residential satisfaction among elderly residents in the central and developed urban areas of Bojnord in the year 2024.

The present study employs a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were converted into a 38-item questionnaire. In the quantitative section, a causal-comparative method was used to examine the impact of two types of urban contexts (central and developed) on the residential satisfaction of 120 elderly residents. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, and data analysis was performed using SPSS. The normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and both parametric and non-parametric tests were used for analysis. The significance level for all tests was set at 0.05.

This study, by examining elderly residents (53.3% women and 46.7% men) in two urban contexts of Bojnord, found that satisfaction with the physical environment and physical-mental health was significantly higher in the central area compared to the developed area. However, differences in healthcare services, social support, and recreational activities were not significant. Friedman analysis showed that the physical environment and physical-mental health had the highest priority, while social-recreational activities had the lowest priority in both urban contexts.

he results of the study show that elderly residents in the central area of Bojnord have a better sense of satisfaction with the physical environment and physical-mental health compared to those in the developed area. Additionally, in both environments, they give the highest priority to the quality of the physical environment and their physical-mental health.

 With the progress in the last century and the increased population of older adults, their social importance in society has become more prominent, and with the beginning of old age and retirement, most retired older adults face changes in different aspects of their lives. Given the favorable impact of learning on people's well-being, the role of universities in the general health of third-generation learners (adults between the ages of 50 and 75 years who do not have regular job or family responsibilities) and their lack of expansion in our country, this study determines facilitators and barriers in the tendency of older adults to third generation universities.

 This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis with 19 members of the Shahrekord Retirees’ Center, who had retired at least one year ago and were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation (in terms of demographic characteristics) as well as in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed word by word and continued until data saturation was achieved. The content analysis of the interviews was done by determining the conceptual units, accurate coding, and continuous comparison, and gradually, subthemes and themes were created.

 From all the interviews, 364 initial codes were drawn, and the codes obtained from data analysis were assigned to two themes, obstacles to the tendency of older adults to university, including 7 subthemes (changing the learning process with increasing age, distance, and transportation, lack of social trust, socio-economic problems, not having enough opportunities, the presence of disabilities in old age, concern for young people) and facilitating factors for the tendency of older adults to university, including 7 subthemes (existence of well-being and comfort in life, lack of responsibilities and costs, existence of support and special privileges, increasing the level of awareness and culture, localization University and programs, the participation of capable retirees in programs, the importance of different views or interests of people).

 Considering the change in the learning process of older people, the lack of social trust in society, economic-social problems, the concern of distance and transportation, and the existence of disabilities in old age, a working group of specialists and pundits is necessary to provide the required infrastructure. The need to formulate, revise, and monitor the implementation of the laws of third generation universities is formed to take appropriate planning and organization to remove obstacles and create third generation universities based on the cultural and social characteristics of Iranian society, which is an important step toward promoting and improving the quality of life of the older adults.

Sleep disorders are among the most prevalent issues impacting the quality of the elderly. Sleep hygiene training, aimed at modifying beliefs and habits related to sleep, is a non-pharmacological method for treating these disorders. This study determines the effect of sleep health education, delivered via a mobile application, on the sleep quality of elderly individuals covered by the national pension fund in Rasht City, Iran, in 2022.

 This semi-experimental study was conducted in two phases. Initially, 330 elderly individuals were included, and their sleep quality was assessed using a designated tool. Subsequently, 96 individuals with low sleep quality were randomly divided into two groups of 48 subjects, namely an intervention group and a control group. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic information and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The intervention group received training on using the mobile-based sleep health educational application during two face-to-face sessions and was instructed to implement its programs daily for four weeks.

The results of the study indicated that the average age of the elderly participants was 68.98±6.52 years, with the majority being female (60.1%), married (83.3%), living in urban areas (91.5%), and having a university education (52%). The mean sleep quality score for the elderly was 5.37±3.88, which was influenced by factors such as gender, education level, marital status, living arrangements, underlying health conditions, and employment status (P≤0.05). Among the sleep quality components, sleep onset delay presented the greatest challenge, while the use of sleep medications was the least problematic. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis indicated that sleep hygiene education significantly improved sleep quality across all areas, except for sleep efficiency (P≥0.05).

 Sleep health education utilizing accessible and practical methods enhances the sleep quality of the elderly. Given the high prevalence of sleep disorders and their associated complications in this demographic, this model is recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for managing sleep disorders, targeting healthcare workers, the elderly, and their caregivers.

With the increase in human lifespan, frailty has become an increasingly important issue that threatens older adults’ health. In Iran, limited studies have addressed the prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its related factors in community-dwelling older adults in Tehran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 people aged 60 years and older under the supervision of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran City, Iran, in 2022. We used randomized multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection was done using the Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI). The researcher asked older adults and completed the questionnaires based on their answers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression in SPSS software, version 23. The significance level was set at P<0.05. 

Women constituted 48.80% and men 51.20% of the samples with an average age of 68.20±6.30 years. Among the participants, 72.30% were married. Prevalence of frailty was 40.50%. Frailty was associated with age, being unmarried, lower education level, lower income, unhealthy lifestyle, suffering from several diseases, dissatisfaction with living environment conditions, and some stressful events (P<0.001).

This research showed a high prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults living in Tehran. Applying screening programs for frailty in primary care units and early interventions can prevent adverse outcomes.

Considering the importance of spiritual health, family satisfaction, and family cohesion in maintaining the overall health of older people and the favorable results it has for older people, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and family satisfaction and family cohesion among older people living in Gonabad City, Iran. 

The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional research conducted on 200 older people living in Gonabad in 2023. The research units were selected and included in the study using the cluster sampling method. The data were collected using the spiritual health questionnaires of Ajam et al. and the family cohesion and flexibility scale (FACES-IV). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and the Spearman correlation test.

The Mean±SD values of spiritual health (92.48±6.89), family cohesion (31.57±3.35), and family satisfaction (40.38±7.29) showed that spiritual health is directly correlated with family cohesion (r=0.52) (P<0.001) and family satisfaction (r=0.57) (P<0.001).

According to the present study's findings, spiritual health is significantly related to family satisfaction and family cohesion, which means that older people with a high level of spiritual health have higher family satisfaction and cohesion. Therefore, it is suggested that those in charge take the necessary plans and measures to strengthen and improve the spiritual health of older people to increase family satisfaction and cohesion.

The impairment of balance is a significant complication that affects older people suffering from knee osteoarthritis, potentially leading to falls. This research was conducted to determine the effects of fall-proof exercises on the balance system of older women with knee osteoarthritis.

In 2023, a quasi-experimental intervention with a pre-test-pos-ttest design was conducted on 25 older women aged 60-75, all diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. They were divided into experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group engaged in targeted fall-proof exercises for 8 weeks, three days a week. The control group did not participate in any exercise activities. The mini-balance evaluation systems test (Mini-BESTest) assessed balance indices. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis in SPSS version 26, with the significance level set at 0.05.

The results showed a significant increase in the total scores of the Mini-BESTest and its three subscales after implementing exercises in the experimental group (F=42.51, P<0.001, η=0.69). However, there was no significant difference in sensory orientation scores between the pretest and posttest assessments in the control groups (P=1.0, Z=0) and the experimental groups (P=0.150, Z=1.41). Additionally, significant differences were observed in the total scores of the Mini-BESTest and its two subscales between the control and experimental groups (F=23.8, P=0.009, η=0.26). However, no significant differences were found in the anticipatory and reactive postural control subscales scores among the experimental groups (P>0.05).

The fall-proof exercise program is recommended for coaches and therapists to enhance the balance of elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis. This recommendation is based on its effectiveness and cost-efficiency in not requiring expensive equipment.

Alzheimer disease is a progressive chronic disease that causes complete dependence of the patient and the need for round-the-clock care and creates challenges for caregivers and families that need to be investigated and recognized. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the care challenges of caregivers of older people with Alzheimer disease in 2022.

A narrative review study was conducted using the Persian keywords "caregiver and Alzheimer disease" and English keywords "Alzheimer disease, caregiver and carer" in PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, SID, and IranDoc from 2017 to 2022. Out of 4594 articles, 27 were evaluated and analyzed using the Gifford quality assessment criteria.

Following a review of the articles, it was determined that the most common caregiving issues faced by older Alzheimer patients were divided into two categories: 1) Individual challenges, which included psychological subcategories, lack of information, physical and occupational, and workload and 2) Family challenges, which included subcategories economic, marital, social relationship disruption and lack of emotional relationships obtained.

Caring for older people with Alzheimer causes many care challenges for their caregivers. Therefore, in addition to treating and caring for older people with Alzheimer, it is necessary to pay attention to the challenges of the caregivers and plan to empower and solve their challenges in the health and treatment systems.

Mental health is crucial for enhancing the quality of life in older adults.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness, considering the moderating role of religious orientation among the elderly in Karaj city.
Method and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study of 500 older adults in Karaj, Iran, was conducted in 2020 using cluster sampling. Data was gathered through a demographic checklist, questionnaires on COVID-19 anxiety, Allport and Ross Religious Orientation, and loneliness. Path analysis was employed to assess the moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness.

The mean age of the elderly participants in the study was 70.82 ± 7.99 years. Most were male (n=275, 55%) and married (n=388, 67.6%). Significant correlations were found between psychological anxiety and loneliness, as well as between religious orientation and loneliness (p=0.000, β=-0.584). However, the results did not support a moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness (p=0.999, β=0.000).

The current study did not support the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness; however, further research is recommended to verify these findings.

Background and Aims:

 Balance impairment is one of the problems in older adults, which can increase the risk of falling. The present study aims to compare the effects of multisensory integration training and resistance training on static and dynamic balance in older men.

Methods:

 This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were 45 healthy older men aged 60-75 who were randomly divided into three groups, including multisensory integration training, resistance training, and control. The two training groups participated in eight-week training programs (three sessions per week, each for 45 minutes), while the control group performed their daily activities. The sharpened Romberg test was used to measure static balance, and the timed up & go test was used to measure dynamic balance.

Results:

Both training groups showed a significant increase in static balance (F(2, 41)=7.60, P=0.002, η2=0.27) and dynamic balance (F(2, 41)=6.11, P=0.005, η2=0.23) compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the two training groups in static balance (P=0.111) or dynamic balance (P=1.000).

Conclusion:

Both resistance training and multisensory integration training can improve the static and dynamic balance of older men. There is no significant difference between their efficacy in improving balance.

The aging process is characterized by a series of molecular and cellular changes over the years that can lead to the destruction of important physiological parameters to keep an organism alive and healthy. On the other hand, physical activity not only improves heart function but also reduces the risk of heart disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous aerobic training (MICT) on the apoptosis indices of heart tissue in aged male rats.

In this experimental study, 16 male Wistar rats with an average age of 19±2.25 months and weight of 350.02±20.12 grams were used. They were randomly divided into two groups of moderate intensity continuous training (MT) and control (C). The continuous aerobic exercise program (MICT) was performed for 8 weeks and five sessions per week with an intensity of 60-75% of the maximum speed. 48 hours after the last training session, after complete anesthesia and killing of the mice, heart tissue was removed and immediately frozen in nitrogen solution and kept at -80 degrees. The gene expression values of BAX, BCL2, the ratio of BAX to BCL2 and P53, and caspase 3 of the heart were measured by real-time PCR. The data were analyzed by independent t-statistical method in SPSS 27 software at a significant level of P<0.05.

The findings showed that eight weeks of MICT training significantly reduced the apoptotic indices of BAX (P=0.002), P53 (P=0.015), and caspase 3 (P=0.002) in the heart tissue of elderly rats compared to the control group. Also, the results showed that MICT training increased BCL2 (P=0.011) and decreased the ratio of BAX to BCL2 (P=0.008) in the heart tissue of elderly rats.

It seems that regular continuous aerobic exercise using the MICT method can play a significant role in reducing the apoptotic indices of the heart tissue and slowing down the aging process.

Type 2 diabetes causes structural and functional changes in the liver to increase the serum levels of liver enzymes. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercises and the consumption of black mulberry leaf extract on the levels of liver enzymes in elderly males with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 elderly males with type 2 diabetes were selected and randomly divided into five groups of 8 cases, namely control, placebo, black mulberry leaf extract, exercise, and black mulberry leaf extract+exercise. The exercises were performed for eight weeks, with three 90-minute sessions per week. Furthermore, 3,000 mg of mulberry leaf extract per day was prescribed along with three main meals. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 27) using the two-way ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05.

Interactive effect of exercise and extract on the values of AST (P=0.001, effect size 0.420), ALP (P=0.001, effect size 0.525), ALT (P=0.001, effect size 0.511), and glucose (P=0.001, effect size 0.460) was significant. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in ALT, AST, ALP, and blood glucose levels of the exercise, extract, and exercise+extract groups (P<0.05). The extract+exercise group underwent a greater decrease in the values ​​of AST (20%), ALP (12.90%), ALT (22.30%), and glucose (12%), compared to the pre-test stage.

Implementation of eight weeks of combined exercises and consumption of black mulberry leaf extract seems to improve liver enzymes in elderly males with type 2 diabetes.

One of the common psychological problems of old age is death anxiety, because this period is full of all kinds of feelings of deficiency and incapacity. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching positive psychology strategies and yoga techniques on death anxiety in elderly women of Shahrbabak city.

The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly women of Shahrbabak city in 1402, 45 elderly women (15 people from the first experimental group, 15 people from the second experimental group, and 15 people from the control group) were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tool was Templer's Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970). The intervention of positive psychology strategies was performed on the first experimental group, the intervention of yoga therapy techniques was performed on the second experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation), variance analysis test with repeated measurements and post hoc test using SPSS version 25 software. P level less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The results of analysis of variance showed that yoga therapy techniques and positive psychology strategies had an effect on the death anxiety of elderly women (P<0.01). The results of the follow-up test showed that teaching positive psychology strategies had a greater effect on the variable of death anxiety, and then teaching yoga techniques had an effect on the dependent variable.

Based on the research findings, the positive treatment approach not only reduces negative mood symptoms caused by death anxiety, but also directly increases positive emotions and capabilities in life.