سبک دلبستگی

Aging is also a pandemic process in living organisms, including humans, and it is a sensitive period of life that changes the different dimensions of a person's life. Psychological factors affecting physical and mental health during this period include attachment styles. The present study was therefore aimed at examining the differences in attachment styles between middle-aged, elderly and elderly.

The present research method was based on the study and comparison of the differences between the three groups. The statistical community of this study was middle-aged (45-60 years), elderly (60-75 years) and old (75-90 years) in the cities of Tehran and Karaj, who were selected through the available sampling method and to the number of 180 statistical samples (60 middle-aged, 60 elderlies and 60 old). These people completed the Collins-Reed attachment style questionnaire(RAAS) online and individually and analyzed the data obtained from the questionnaire based on the one-way variance analysis method.

The results showed that avoidance attachment among the elderly and elderly had the highest average, but the results of the variance analysis also showed that there was no significant difference between the elderly, middle-aged and elderly in terms of attachment styles.

So it can be concluded that over time, there is not much difference in the attachment style between middle-aged and elderly and elderly.

Marital infidelity can cause psychological and social damage of the family foundation. The purpose of the present research was Explaining the model of mental, spiritual and social health based on the intensity of stressful events with the mediation of religious beliefs and meaning and purpose in life in women victims of marital infidelity with regard to the style of attachment to God.

The method of the current research was correlational description. The statistical society of the research was 360 women were the victims of marital infidelity that during the second 3 months of the year, they referred to psychological counseling clinics in Jahrom city with easy access sampling. Data collection tools were social health, meaning in life, measures of attachment style to god, stress inventory and religious belief questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Lisrel, Smart PLS and SPSS software and 0/05 significant.

The direct relationship between Social health and meaning and purpose in life (β= 0.532, P<0.05), with religious beliefs (β= 0.610, P<0.05) and religious beliefs and meaning and purpose in life (β= 0.650, P<0.05) was statistically significant.

The religious beliefs and meaning and purpose in life in women victims of marital infidelity role of mediation on increasing on the intensity of stressful events on social health. While the style of attachment to God does not have moderating role. The research of the current research emphasize the importance of having a purpose in life, religious beliefs with educational interventions, logo therapy and spiritual therapy to God on social health.

Cannabis is the most widely used drug in the world. The present study aimed to analyze the discriminant of cannabis use intensity based on attachment style, anger rumination, perceived social support, and life satisfaction.
The present study was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the research included all cannabis users in the city of Arak. 90 people were selected by snowball sampling method. The data were collected from the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (Hominiuk et al., 2008), the Adult Attachment Inventory (Bashart, 2011), the Anger Rumination Scale (Sukhodolsky et al., 2001), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985). Data analysis was done using the discriminant analysis method and SPSS-26 software.
The results of the discriminant analysis showed that all three dimensions of the attachment style variable, the total score of anger rumination variable, family and friends components of the perceived social support variable, as well as the total score of this scale and the variable of life satisfaction, showed significant differences between the studied groups.
Considering the ability to differentiate research variables, they can be used to differentiate the intensity of cannabis use into three groups: lower risk, medium risk, and high risk.

Children's behavioral problems are common and debilitating problems in children, ‎and ‎investigating them is very important. Therefore, the present research was conducted to determine the role of child's temperament and mother's attachment and parenting styles in predicting behavioral problems of 3-5 year old children with working mothers.

This study was a cross-sectional type of correlation. The research population was working mothers’ ‎with 3-‎‎5-year-old children in Urmia city kindergartens in 2021-2022 year with number 353 people that the sample ‎size ‎based on the Krejcie and Morgan table estimated 184 people who were selected by cluster sampling method. ‎The ‎research data were collected with the questionnaires of Revised Temperament (Ellis and Rothbart, 2001), ‎Attachment Style (Hazen ‎and Shaver, 1987), Parenting Styles (Baumrind, 1991), and Behavioral Problems ‎‎(Rutter, 1976) ‎and were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model ‎in SPSS ‎software versions 21.‎

The findings showed that a child's temperament, secure attachment style, and authoritative parenting ‎style ‎had a negative and significant relationship with children's behavioral problems and avoidant; ‎ambivalent ‎insecure attachment styles and authoritarian parenting style had a positive and significant relationship ‎with ‎children's behavioral problems at a level of 0.01; and permissive parenting style had a positive and ‎significant ‎relationship with children's behavioral problems at a level of 0.05. Also, the variables of the child's ‎temperament, ‎attachment style and authoritative and authoritarian mother's parenting style significantly could ‎predict 29 ‎percent of changes in children's behavioral problems (P<0.001).‎

The results of this study indicated the effective role of a child's temperament, attachment style ‎, and ‎authoritative and authoritarian mother's parenting style in predicting the children's behavioral problems.‎ The implications of the obtained results were discussed in the article.

The existence of problems in attachment style, interpersonal compatibility and communication pattern is evident in people with bulimia nervosa.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on attachment style, interpersonal compatibility and communication pattern of people with bulimia nervosa in Isfahan city.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research method was quantitative and of the type of semi-experimental studies with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included people suffering from bulimia nervosa in Isfahan city who visited the health centers of Isfahan city in 1401. In this study, 30 women with bulimia nervosa disorder who were diagnosed by psychologists and psychiatrists were selected by sampling method. were selected as available. The people in the control and experimental groups completed the attachment style, interpersonal compatibility and communication pattern questionnaires In two stages, pre-test and post-test. Multivariate covariance test and spss-23 software were used for data analysis.

 The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy had a significant effect on secure attachment style, avoidant attachment style, constructive communication, creditor woman communication pattern, mutual withdrawal communication pattern and interpersonal compatibility (p<0.05), but There was no significant effect on the anxious attachment style, the communication pattern of the creditor-debtor, and the communication pattern of the debtor's wife.

From the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that psychologists and psychiatrists can increase the secure attachment style, interpersonal compatibility, constructive communication pattern and decrease the avoidant attachment style, the withdrawn and demanding behavior pattern of women with bulimia nervosa. Use dialectical therapy and its techniques

 Cosmetic surgery rates have been on the rise since the beginning of the 21st century. Considering the physical and psychological risks of this method, understanding the various psychological components of cosmetic surgery applicants is very important. The present study was also conducted with the aim of investigating the role of attachment styles and body shame in predicting rejection sensitivity and body appreciation in cosmetic surgery applicants.

 The statistical population of the study included all women applying for cosmetic surgery who were referred to cosmetic surgery centers in Tehran in 2022. Among the statistical population, 150 people were selected by convenience sampling and answered the Adult Attachment Inventory, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, and Body Appreciation Scale-2. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS-24 software.

 The results showed that the correlation matrix between research variables was significant at 0.01 level. The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 61.4% of the variance of sensitivity to rejection and 40.5% of the variance of body appreciation are explained by attachment styles and body shame.

 The result of the research shows the significant role of attachment styles and body shame in predicting rejection sensitivity and body appreciation in cosmetic surgery applicants; Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be said that the use of these components can probably be helpful both in the direction of better recognition of the factors and motivations of cosmetic surgery in women and in the treatment of pathological factors.

Marital satisfaction serves as a fundamental predictor of stability and well-being within individuals' lives and families.

This study aims to develop a structural model that predicts marital satisfaction among young couples by examining the interplay between behavioral activation/inhibition systems and attachment styles.

The current study was a description of structural equations. A sample of 370 young couples in Tehran during the year 2021 was selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires, Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998), the Behavioral Activation/ Inhibition Scale (1994), and the Adult Attachment Scale (2015). Path analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 and LISREL version 8.8 for data analysis.

The results of the path analysis revealed several significant findings. Firstly, the inhibition system demonstrated a direct negative impact on marital satisfaction (ß=-0.16, P<0.05), along with ambivalent insecure attachment (ß=-0.42, P<0.01) and avoidant insecure attachment (ß=-0.19, P<0.05). Conversely, secure attachment displayed a direct and positive effect on marital satisfaction (ß=0.26, P<0.01). Furthermore, the inhibition system exhibited a direct and positive influence on avoidant insecure attachment (ß=0.18, P<0.01) and ambivalent insecure attachment (ß=0.19, P<0.01). Additionally, the activation system had a direct positive effect on secure attachment (ß=0.28, P<0.05) but a direct negative effect on avoidant attachment (ß=-0.30, P<0.01).

The results of the study underscore the direct predictive role of the activation/inhibition system in marital satisfaction, with attachment styles playing an indirect role. Therefore, therapists should consider these variables to enhance satisfaction levels in couples.

Adolescence is an important stage of psychological development. Their health level has a significant impact on their success. Psychological well-being is among the variables that are important in this field. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between perceived parenting style and attachment in the psychological well-being of adolescents with the mediating role of self-control.

The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population was the secondary school students of Kashan City in 2022-2023, of whom 500 were selected based on random cluster sampling. Data were collected based on four questionnaires of Psychological Well-Being, Parental Authority, Attachment Style, and Self-Control. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test and structural equation modeling.

The results showed that permissive style with (β=-0.181, p<0.01) and authoritarian style with (β=-0.152, p<0.01) had a significant and negative role, and style authoritarian with (β=0.311, p<0.01) had a significant and positive role in predicting psychological well-being. Ambivalent style (β =-0.162, p<0.01) had a significant and negative role in predicting psychological well-being, and self-control (β=0.220, p<0.01) had a significant and positive role in predicting psychological well-being. Among the 6 predictor variables, autocratic, authoritarian, safe, ambivalent, and avoidant styles had a significant relationship with psychological well-being through the mediation of self-control (p<0.05).

Self-control plays an important role in the relationship between perceived parenting style and attachment with the psychological well-being of adolescents. Considering the importance of parenting style, it is suggested to try to increase self-control and psychological well-being of teenagers through family education classes.

Adolescents are one of the most vulnerable groups against risky behaviors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescents by analyzing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation.

The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical of the correlation-path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the first secondary level in the marginal areas of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the sample included 530 people who They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Iranian youth risk-taking questionnaire, Hazen and Shiver attachment scale, Sakodolski, Glob and Cromwell anger rumination scale, and Gertz and Roemer scale of difficulty in regulating emotions were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software Smart PLS version 3.3 and SPSS version 25. This study with ID IR.IAU.KSH.REC.1402. 014 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University.

The path of attachment style to risky behaviors (β = 0.81 and t = 2.32), the path of anger rumination to risky behaviors (β = 0.45 and t = 2.32), the path of attachment style to risky behaviors with mediation Emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.61 and t = 3.28), rumination to risky behaviors with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.21 and t = 3.55), it was found that all values at the error level are less than 0.05 are significant.

Through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. These results emphasize the difficult role of brahmin in regulating emotions in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls.

Peptic ulcer is one of the common psychosomatic diseases which is suggested to investigate the effectiveness of psychological treatments on the recovery and management of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based therapy on attachment style, difficulty in emotional regulation and medical adherence in patients with chronic peptic ulcer.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the current study included all patients with chronic peptic ulcer who referred to specialized polyclinics and internal specialists in Mashhad during the research period. Sampling was done by available method. 34 patirnts who met the conditions for entering the study were randomly placed in two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received attachment-based therapy. The participants were evaluated with revised version of adult attachment scale(1990), Morisky(2008) medical adherence questionnaire and Gratz and Roemer(2004) emotional difficulty scale. To analyze the data, the statistical method of repeated analysis of variance was used in SPSS22 statistical software.

The results showed that the participants in the intervention group reported a more secure attachment style, higher medical adherence and better emotional regulation after the intervention. The scores of the participants in the intervention group compared to the control group showed a significant decrease in avoidant and anxious attachment styles (P<0.001).

Therefore, it can be said that attachment-based therapy can be used to better adapt to chronic peptic ulcer disease.

Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder, there are few studies and many unknown issues about it. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of childhood traumatic experiences, attachment styles, and metacognitive beliefs in predicting the symptoms of IAD.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 395 students (71 male, 324 female) of the University of Tabriz with associate, bachelor, master, and Ph.D. degrees were selected through the available sampling method. The questionnaires used in this research included the Whiteley Index to measure illness anxiety, the metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), the checklist of traumatic life experiences to evaluate childhood traumatic experiences, and the experiences in close relationships- a revised form to evaluate attachment styles. Participants completed the questionnaires after obtaining the necessary permits and checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The average age of men was 27.2 ± 8.54 and women 25.24 ± 6.84. Pearson Correlation coefficients showed that traumatic childhood experiences 0.289 (p<0.01), anxious attachment 0.402 (p<0.01), and metacognitive beliefs 0.418 (p<0.01) have significant positive correlations with illness anxiety. Also, based on the results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis, research variables predicted 29% of the changes in symptoms of IAD significantly. Furthermore, childhood traumatic experiences, anxious attachment, and metacognitive beliefs with Beta coefficients of 0.22, 0.18, and 0.27 can significantly predict the changes related to IAD symptoms.

Different interpersonal and metacognitive factors can play a role in IAD symptoms, but various studies such as causality and experimental studies are needed to investigate the role of different factors in IAD symptoms.

Adolescence is one of the most substantial and yet shortest stages of every person's life, which is accompanied by many changes. This period covers 14-19 years and has 3 important parts: physical, mental and social maturity. Psychological well-being has a significant impact on improving the mental health of adolescents. Psychological well-being is the effort to realize one's talents, improve them and reveal one's abilities. It consists of six parts: self-acceptance, purposeful life, mastery of the environment, positive relationships with others, autonomy, and personal growth. The emotional connection between the child and their caregiver has a major impact on the process of psychological well-being. This factor, called attachment, causes the child to seek comfort from the mother, especially in situations where they feel fear and danger. Another factor influencing the psychological well-being and mental health of adolescents is their psychological-spiritual changes. Religion is the deepest source in which human existence is nurtured and all its dimensions – including the unity of man with God – depend on it. Another dominant factor is self-control or self-discipline which is very effective in mental health and well-being. Self-control means the ability to control emotions, behavior, and desires to achieve rewards or avoid some consequences. People who have higher self-control have better achievements in a variety of fields. Self-control is related to a set of positive and desirable achievements, including proper adjustment, better school grades, fewer eating problems, better interpersonal communication, and the emergence of optimal emotional responses.

In terms of the practical purpose and also based on the data collection method, the present study is a descriptive research of the correlation type (using structural equations). The population under study included all the students in the second year of secondary school in Kashan (8,100 people) who were studying in the academic year of 2021-2022 in the age group of 15 to 18 years. According to the number of variables observed in the current research, a sample size of 550 people was considered. After data collection, 500 questionnaires were analyzed. To sample students, the random cluster method was used. Questionnaires used in the research included the psychological well-being questionnaire (RSPWB), religious orientation questionnaire, attachment style questionnaire, and self-control questionnaire.

The indices reported in structural equation analysis (Table 2) show a good fit between the data and the model. As a result, the experimental data collected by the researcher confirmed the theoretical model developed in the literature and shows that the causal model developed to explain the well-being of Kashan students based on attachment styles, and religious orientation with the mediation of self-control is a desirable model. The explained variance of psychological well-being by the linear combination of exogenous and mediating variables is 0.60. In other words, which shows that the linear combination of attachment styles, religious orientation, and self-control explains 60% of changes in psychological well-being. The linear combination of attachment styles and religious orientation explained 25% of the changes in self-control. Based on the results of Table 3, safe style with (p < 0.05, β = 0.10), ambivalent style (p < 0.01, β = -0.19), external religious orientation (p < 0.01, β = -0.15), and self-control (p < 0.01, β = 0.41) had a significant role in predicting students' psychological well-being. All 5 predictor variables had a significant relationship with the mediation of self-control and psychological well-being. All predictor variables had a significant relationship with the self-control variable.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of attachment style and religious orientation in the psychological well-being of adolescents through self-control. The findings showed that safe style and ambivalent style have a significant relationship with psychological well-being. To interpret the findings, when children receive and perceive appropriate support from their parents, they can deal with problems more optimistically and purposefully can enjoy good personal development, be flexible, optimistic, progressive, and self-regulating, and have more vitality and vitality. Children who have insecure attachments are related to the feeling of fear, and inability to coordinate with situations. The unfavorable result of insecure attachment is significantly far from psychological well-being. People with secure attachment in adulthood can effectively create favorable interpersonal relationships. A person should accept their strengths and weaknesses. As for internal orientation and psychological well-being, researchers show a significant and positive relationship between internal orientation and psychological well-being. In the present study, however, this relationship was not significant, which is contrary to the literature. It can be explained by the fact that adolescence is associated with huge changes in physical, cognitive, moral, and social fields. The person has not yet reached the stage of internal understanding and their religious identity has not yet been completed to be able to reach the internalized degrees of religion. Various factors are involved in the formation of religious orientation during adolescence, among them, one can mention the family, the educational system, and the media. If any of them does not perform their function well, the formation of the religious orientation of adolescents will face a serious problem.Various studies have shown that there is a relationship between self-control and psychological well-being which is in line with the findings of the present study. It can be explained that self-control is the capacity of a person to adjust their behavior according to the conditions and changes of the internal and external environment. In other words, a person can organize their behavior according to their goals, so that people with higher self-control gain better achievements in various fields. Self-control is correlated with a set of positive and desirable achievements, including appropriate adjustment (less psychological damage and higher self-esteem), better educational grades, better interpersonal communication, and the occurrence of optimal emotional responses. Another finding of the present study showed that all 5 predictor variables had a significant relationship with the mediation of self-control and psychological well-being. Some studies have investigated the effect of attachment style and religious orientation on self-control. The findings of the present research show the significant relationship between variables with self-control and ultimately the mediating role of self-control in promoting psychological well-being. It can be explained that self-control is an internal force available to inhibit, reject or change responses that are influenced by moral beliefs, social characteristics, parents' level of religiosity, and an individual's participation in religious activities and traditions. The more parents are careful in choosing to create an attachment between themselves and their children, and the more students have an internal religious orientation, the more self-controlled they will be, and finally, we conclude that they will make fewer mistakes in youth and adulthood.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of developing a causal model of emotional self-awareness of mothers of elementary school students in Tehran based on attachment styles and perfectionism with the mediating role of self-efficacy.

The current research is one of structural equation studies. The statistical population of the research included all the mothers of primary school children who referred to the counseling centers of the link between education and training in Tehran province in 2021. Among these, the data of 331 people were collected and analyzed in the form of multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tools include self-representation and insight questionnaire (SRIS), (emotional self-awareness) (Grant et al., 2002), Collins and Reed (1996) Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (RAAS), Scherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1982) (GSES) and Hill et al.'s (2004) perfectionism questionnaire was (PI). Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. The fit indices indicate the good fit of the proposed model with the data.

The findings showed that secure attachment style (β=0.371) and self-efficacy (β=0.503) had a significant direct effect on emotional self-awareness, and insecure/avoidant attachment style (β=-0.611) had a significant effect on emotional self-awareness. It has a significant and opposite effect. Also, self-efficacy showed a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure attachment style (β=0.307), insecure/ambivalent attachment style (β=-0.193) and positive perfectionism (β=0.127) with emotional self-awareness. It did not show a significant mediating role in the relationship between negative perfectionism and emotional self-awareness.

Psychologists' attention to the role of these variables can play an effective and preventive role in improving the emotional self-awareness of mothers of primary school students.

The problem of addiction potential experienced by young adults is usually accompanied by narcissistic personality traits. Research has confirmed two distinct forms of narcissism: grandiose and vulnerable. Meanwhile, shame as the main emotion and attachment style plays an essential role in these disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing research on addiction potential and the role of narcissistic factors, shame experiences, and attachment patterns. Using the Google Scholar database, key words such as Addiction Potential, Narcissism, Shame and Attachment Style were searched. PubMed was searched for Addiction, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, shame, and Attachment Styles. All time periods were used for this review and more than two hundred documents were reviewed and extracted based on the criteria.

The results showed that in some studies, a significant relationship was observed among potential for addiction, narcissism, shame experiences, and attachment patterns; in some other studies, potential for addiction was predictable through narcissism, shame experiences, and attachment patterns.
In general, we can conclude that addiction is a big problem that is affecting many societies today, by identifying how these factors are formed in children and development paths affecting it, a big step can be taken in the direction of educating parents and communities.

, the aim of the present study was to present the modeling of structural equations of happiness based on attachment styles and communication skills with the mediation of self-compassion in the elderly.

The research method was analytical and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the elderly living in nursing homes located in the cities of Gilan province in 2018-2019 and the sampling method was available. According to the number of research variables, the statistical sample of this research was 210 people. In order to collect data, Oxford's happiness scales (2002), Queen Damm's interpersonal communication skills (2004), Neff et al.'s self-compassion (2003), and Hazen and Shiver's (1987) adult attachment style were used. SPSS version 24 and Amos version 24 and Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that communication skills were significantly related to self-compassion (P=0.002, Beta=1.3) and self-compassion to happiness (P=0.41, Beta=2.8). But attachment style was not related to self-compassion (P=0.21, Beta=1.2). Also, the indirect effect of attachment style on happiness was equal to 2.7 (P=0.013) and communication skills on happiness was equal to 0.052 (P=0.025). The goodness of fit indices of the fitted conceptual model were obtained as

Therefore, it seems that strengthening the communication skills of the elderly will increase their level of happiness. Also, attachment styles affect the happiness of the elderly.

Introducing: 

Your marriage can be influenced by human sexual activity, which is vital.

Hence, the aim of this study was to examine how sexual satisfaction and attachment styles influence sexual arousal and sexual inhibition in couples.

The research method was descriptive - correlational. The statistical population included all married individuals of Bandar Abbas in 2016 year that 600 individuals were selected using random cluster sampling method. Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition Inventory (SESII), Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and Experience in Close Relationship (ECR-R) were used for gathering data. Pearson correlation and multiple regression and SPSS-22 software were used for analyzing the data

Pearson test results showed that there was a significant relationship between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition with sexual satisfaction and attachment styles (p< 0/05). Also regression analysis results showed that sexual satisfaction and attachment styles of anxiety and avoidance can explain together %77/3 of sexual excitation variance and %22/9 of sexual inhibition variance.

According to the findings this study, can suggested training and intervention on improving sexual satisfaction and attachment styles as an effective way on creasing sexual excitation and decreasing sexual inhibition.

Various factors at the personality and psychological levels, such as feelings of inferiority, excitement seeking, and attachment styles separately and in interaction with each other, affect the relationship between couples and lead to an increase in their tendency towards marital infidelity. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on feelings of inferiority, sensation-seeking, and attachment styles of married women with experience of extramarital relationships.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Its statistical population was made up of all the women of Mashhad who were involved in or had experience of extramarital relationships and who had a counseling case in Pidaish counseling centers of Mashhad; 40 women who met the conditions to enter the research were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. The data collection tool was Hazen and Shaver's attachment style questionnaire (1986), Zuckerman's sensation seeking (1979) and Eysenck's inferiority complex (1988). The training group was given emotional therapy during 9 sessions, and the control group was not subjected to any intervention. Data analysis was done through univariate and multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS-22 software.

The findings showed that emotion-oriented therapy training is effective on sensation seeking, feelings of inferiority and on all three secure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles (P=0.001).

The results showed the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on feelings of inferiority, sensation-seeking, and attachment styles of married women with experience of extramarital relationships. Therefore, therapists and psychologists can use this treatment method to improve psychological health, especially to reduce feelings of inferiority, sensation seeking, and to improve secure attachment styles

Divorce brings emotional separation and psychological pressures for most women, which requires the most changes for re-adaptation in these people. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to determine and develop a structural model of adjustment after divorce based on social and psychological factors in divorced women in Shiraz.

The present descriptive correlational study was conducted in Shiraz city in 2018. The statistical population of the study included all divorced women who were divorced for at least two years and were not remarried. 416 samples were selected through available sampling from fifteen psychological clinics under the supervision of welfare and family courts. Moreover, they were evaluated through Fisher's post-divorce adjustment questionnaires, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Bell's Social Adjustment Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire, Neo Short Form Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire, and Emotion Cognitive Regulation Strategies Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and Fisher's statistical tests.

The results indicated that the variables of perceived support, attachment styles and personality traits through the variables of cognitive regulation of emotion and social adjustment had a significant effect on adjustment after divorce (p<.05). Unreconciled emotion regulation had a negative and significant effect on post-divorce adjustment (p<.05). The adjusted emotion regulation variable had a positive and significant effect on post-divorce adjustment directly and indirectly through social adjustment (p<.05). Finally, the social adjustment variable had a positive and significant effect on post-divorce adjustment (p<.05). Social adjustment was the strongest predictor of adjustment after divorce (0.63) than personality traits (0.59). Secure attachment style had the greatest effect on post-divorce adjustment through compromised emotion regulation (0.26). Furthermore, the personality trait of neuroticism had the greatest impact on post-divorce adjustment through compromised emotion regulation (0.52). Friends' support through social adjustment had the greatest effect on post-divorce adjustment (0.43). Planning strategy through social adjustment had the greatest impact on post-divorce adjustment (0.34). The mentioned variables explain a total of 65% of the variance of adjustment after divorce.

The structural model revealed that some social and psychological factors were able to predict adjustment after divorce, and the results of the present study can be studied and be useful for counseling clinics, psychology and other institutions that are responsible for the health of society.

The prevalence of high-risk behaviors is one of the serious health threats that has been considered in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediation of self-compassion dimensions on attachment styles and high-risk behaviors of students.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational study with hierarchical regression method by Baron and Kenny method. The statistical population included all Islamic Azad and Payame Noor students of Karaj branch, which was estimated at about 15,000 people. Using Morgan table, 374 single students were selected by convenience sampling method. The participants answered the questionnaires of Hazen and Shaver attachment style, high-risk behavior and compassion. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software.

The results showed that among the three dimensions of attachment style, ambivalent style predicts high-risk behaviors (F = 77.4, P <0.03). The results of attachment and compassion style regression showed that only the ambivalent attachment component has the power to predict compassion (p <0.00 F = 172, 11). The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that only the isolation dimension of the dimensions of self-compassion has a mediating role in the relationship between ambivalent attachment style and high-risk behaviors. The Sobel test was used to evaluate the significance of the mediating effect, which showed the significance of this test.

Due to the importance of ambivalent attachment style in predicting high-risk behaviors and the mediating role of isolation dimension in relation to ambivalent attachment style and high-risk behaviors of students, it is necessary to pay more attention to these two variables in intervention and preventive programs, So that students can act more appropriately in their fields of study. Therefore, it is possible to improve educational processes and strategies by basing them on the underlying components.