سرطان های سر و گردن

One of the side effects of radiation therapy for non-laryngeal head and neck cancers is laryngeal damage, leading to vocal disorders. Considering the impact of voice on the patient’s quality of life, the long-term follow-up after treatment using a voice handicap index questionnaire is the aim of this study.

This descriptive-analytical study included 30 patients with non-laryngeal head and neck cancers and 30 normal individuals. Specialized examinations have confirmed damage in the larynx. The VHI Questionnaire sub-group scores were assessed at 6 and 24 months post-treatment, along with the voice quality of patients and a control group at 24 months post-treatment. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationship between each sub-group of the questionnaire at the two mentioned time points.

The patients' examination results revealed a significant decrease in the total questionnaire scores from 19.8 at 6 months to 11.37 at 24 months post-treatment (P < 0.05). The study found no significant difference between the patient and control groups after 24 months (P < 0.05). The questionnaire sub-group scores showed a negative correlation, indicating a trend of decreasing scores at the final follow-up.

This study showed that after the treatment, the radiation damage decreased over time and improved the patient's quality of life.

Traditionally, the excision of submandibular glands has been a standard procedure during neck dissection. The excision of submandibular glands can decrease the patient's quality of life. However, recent investigations have suggested the absence of lymphoid tissue and a low susceptibility to metastasis in these glands, thereby negating the imperative for their removal.

In the current investigation, a retrospective analysis of medical records and imaging data about patients afflicted with head and neck cancer and subjected to Level I neck dissection was undertaken. This study aimed to assess the involvement and metastatic potential of submandibular glands and also the relationship between the grade of tumor and involvement of lymph nodes.

The findings revealed a lack of involvement of submandibular glands, thereby substantiating the rationale for preserving these glands during neck dissection. Preserving these glands can provide a better quality of life for patients. The study found no significant correlation between tumor grade and lymph node involvement.

Involvement of submandibular glands in head and neck cancers is rare and preserving these glands can be considered during surgery.

Head and neck tumors are a collection of tumors with different histopathology that originate from upper aero-digestive tract، skin، salivary glands، thyroid and parathyroid glands. It has been proven that various risk factors such as tobacco، alcohol and some viruses (HPV6 & HPV11) increase the prevalence and incidence of such tumors; and that’s why the frequency and prevalence of head and neck tumors vary in different areas، throughout the world. study was determining the relative frequency of these kinds of tumors and the respective risk factors. In a cross-sectional retrospective and descriptive study، data of patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of head and neck tumors، were extracted from their recorded files in Amir-Al-Momenin hospital and entered into SPSS V. 16 software; and using frequency tables and graphs the data were analyzed. In total، 558 patients with mean age of 54. 34±16. 37 years including 372 males (66. 7%) and 186females (33. 3%) were admitted with diagnosis of head and neck tumors، from 2001 to 2012 in this hospital. (74/7%) of the tumors were malignant. The most frequent tumor was Squamous Cell Carcinoma with 279 (50%) cases. The most frequent site of tumors was larynx with 195 (34/9%) cases. Having reviewed social habits of the patients; we found that (51/4%) were smoker; (21/5%) opium addict; (9. 7%) alcoholic; and (8. 6%) of them used hubble bubble. As revealed، (1. 6%) of patients had positive family history and (1. 6%) of them had history of another tumor in the past medical history. The most frequent chief complaint of all the patients referred to this center with head and neck tumor was hoarseness. Data of our samples were similar to those in some studies but different in some cases. Reason of such variations may be definition of samples and other biases in different studies، but the life style and different risk factors also may be responsible for these differences. So further comparative studies in other geographical regions are recommended.

Radiotherapy is a main therapeutic regiment in the treatment of head and neck cancers. Radiation not only eradicate cancer but it also cause damage to healthy surrounding tissues, giving rise to objective and subjective problems. This study was done to evaluate the subjective complications of post radiation in patients with head and neck cancer. This descriptive –analytic study was carried out on 45 patients with head and neck cancer (28 males and 17 females) whom were gone under radiotherapy in Rasht, Iran. Subjective complications evaluated before, during, 1 month and 3 months after radiotherapy. Persian version of LENT-SOMA questionnaire was used. Pain, xerostomia, dysphagia, trismus and dysgeusia were recorded for each subject. 80% of subjects experienced Pain. In the study period, pain intensity, frequency and analgesic consumption were belonging to ear and throat. One month after post radiation, pain intensity, frequency and analgesic consumption belong to ear, throat, jaw, mouth and teeth which were significantly more than 3 months after radiotherapy (P<0.05). One month after post treatment, xerostomia, dysphagia, trismus and dysgeusia were significantly more than 3 months after radiotherapy (P<0.05). Pain in ear and jaw had significant correlation with radiation dosage (P<0.05). Intensity of subjective complains were aggravated and merge one month after radiotherapy and can be reduced to nearly the initial stage of treatment, three months after radiotherapy.

Chemotherapy is utilized as a part of combined-modality programs to achieve organ preservation and improve survival in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Combined-modality protocols can be used in three forms: a) neoadjuvant induction chemotherapy before definitive surgery or radiotherapy; b) concomitant chemoradiotherapy; and c) sequential therapy consisting of induction chemotherapy and chemoradiation. The aim of this article was to study the role of these methods in treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancers. An extensive search was performed on PubMed using five key phrases of head and neck، carcinoma، neoadjuvant chemotherapy، induction chemotherapy، and adjuvant chemotherapy. The search results were limited to randomized trials and meta-analysis. Despite an improvement in organ preservation، induction treatment has no impact on survival. Chemoradiation provides higher survival and increased rate of organ preservation compared to radiation alone. Ongoing phase III comparisons of sequential therapy with chemoradiotherapy may help identify the superior approach. Although further studies in this field are required، taxane-based sequential therapy can be currently used as a reasonable alternative to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers.

Worldwide, an estimated 644,000 new cases of head and neck cancers are diagnosed each year. To the best of our knowledge, no epidemiologic study has been hitherto focused on the head and neck cancers in our centers. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the frequency of different types of these cancers during the past decade. In an analytic-descriptive and cross-sectional study, medical files of 610 patients, 470 males and 140 females with a mean age of 58.36±15.74 years, with definite diagnosis of head and neck cancer were reviewed in Tabriz Imam Khomeini and Imam Reza Hospitals during 1997 to 2007. The inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of head and neck cancers according to the international accepted definition and presence of a rather complete data about the patient. Possible risk factors were also documented in each patient. In total, 610 patients with diagnosis of head and neck cancer, 470 males and 140 females with a mean age of 58.36±15.74 years were enrolled. Different cancers were located in larynx (45.2%), oral cavity (12.6%), lip (11.5%), nasopharynx (11%), hypopharynx (7.2%), maxillary sinuses (2.3%), tonsils (2.1%), salivary glands (7%), nasal cavity (0.8%) and oropharynx (0.2%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common pathologic subtype (75.2%). Majority of the SCC cases (80.6%) were well-differentiated tumors. History of smoking was significantly higher in patients with cancer of larynx, oral cavity and nasopharynx and history of alcohol intake was significantly higher among the patients with oral cavity and lip cancers. According to the current data, diverse reports are available regarding the frequency of different types of head and neck cancers. Further studies in similar centers are recommended for comparison.

Statement of Problem: Head and neck cancers represent approximately 2-5% of neoplasms which is more in some countries. For example, 50% of cancers in India are of oral cavity and pharyngeal origin. Head and neck cancers are more prevalent in men, but in some regions of oral cavity, this ratio may be reversed. The majority of patients diagnosed with Head and neck cancers were over the age of 40 years. This study was undertaken to determine the number of persons with head and neck cancer who were admitted in Radiotherapy Department of Nemazee Hospital during 2003-2004. In this retrospective study from 2003 to 2004, 496 subjects with head and neck cancers referred to Radiotherapy Department of Nemazee Hospital were evaluated. All patients were categorized according to sex, age, dose of irradiation and localization of the tumor. The mean age of patients was 49 for men and 43 years for women. The most common site of the head and neck cancers was the brain (228 cases, 46%), followed by neck (57 cases, 11.5%) and larynx (56 cases, 11.3%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common tumor followed by astrocytoma, meningioma and lymphoma. It was shown that, comparison with other results, there were some similarities as well as differences in some instances. This research revealed that approximately 13.5% of patients who were admitted in Radiotherapy Department of Nemazee Hospital suffered from head and neck cancers. Due to complications of radiotherapy specially osteoradionecrosis, proper dental management plans before and after treatment seems necessary.