سرمایه اجتماعی

Social capital is defined as a set of environmental characteristics and social relations that lead to the achievement of common goals and interests within the organization. To achieve its goals, the university of medical sciences must adopt an appropriate social capital model.

This research is developmental and applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data nature. Social capital shaping factors were classified using interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and the factors were stratified using cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis. The population of this research consisted of faculty members from  Iran University of  Medical Sciences, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Sampling was conducted using a theoretical method, and a total of 15 professors were interviewed until data saturation.

The dimensions of social capital include identity at level 1, trust and commitments at level 2, common language, identifiers, and culture at level 3, network links at level 4, configuration of network relationships and proper organization at level 5, and norms at level 6.

The dimensions of configuration of network relations, proper organization, and norms were placed in the driver cluster, which includes variables with the lowest power of dependence and the highest power of influence. It is suggested that universities clearly define the norms; create a flexible structure; develop stronger bonds among employees; broden networking; emphasize the commonalities among employees; provide clarification; promote group learning, and foster trust and commitment among employees.

The health of retirees, as an expanding and vulnerable group, is of particular importance in society, and it is necessary to prioritize their problems in critical situations such as the spread of the coronavirus. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of social and cultural capital on the level of fear of COVID-19 among retired employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS).

This survey-based research employed a descriptive-explanatory design and was practical in terms of purpose. This study selected 410 retirees from TUOMS in Iran using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tools in this study included three questionnaires: cultural capital, social capital, and fear of COVID-19. We tested the research hypotheses using SPSS software (version 22).

The bivariate results of the study indicated that social capital and its dimensions (social networks, social trust, and social participation) and cultural capital and its dimensions (embodied, objective, and institutional) had a significant and inversed effect on the level of fear of COVID-19 among the retirees. The regression model of fear of COVID-19 also found that both independent variables (social capital and cultural capital) were statistically significant and could explain about 36% and 31% of the changes in the dependent variable (fear of COVID-19 among retirees), respectively.

This study indicated a significant and inverse relationship between social and cultural capital and the level of fear of COVID-19 among the retirees of TUOMS. The findings of the present study can be generalized to all retired TUOMS employees. Therefore, healthcare policymakers should take effective measures to increase the funds allocated to diseases such as COVID-19 and reduce the fear of the disease, which is a risk factor for physical and mental diseases.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital, social capital and mental health through the mediation of the sense of security in staff members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Security provides a coherent conceptual framework and an ethical foundation for the development of the mental health system. In this research, the working method of the structural equation model was used.

The statistical population was all staff members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. By cluster sampling, 195 employees (102 women, 93 men) were selected as the sample group. Data collection tools included the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Standard Social Capital Questionnaire, the Security Sense Questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling method with SPSS 26 and LISREL 2.10 software. 

The findings showed that Borzash’s indicators were in a favorable condition. The standard coefficients of the direct effect of psychological capital and social capital on mental health and the indirect effect of psychological capital and social capital on mental health through the feeling of security were significant at 0.05.

Based on the obtained results, it can be said that health is a reflection of social factors and a sense of security, and mental health can be improved by providing and strengthening the sense of security.

Social capital encompasses material and spiritual resources which enable individuals to establish stable networks of institutionalized relationships. Participation in voluntary public service activities at the community level serves as an indicator of social capital. This study aims to assess social capital and voluntary activities among older adults living in Tehran in 2021.

This cross-sectional study included 384 older adult citizens residing in Region 19, selected through random sampling. Data collection involved a standardized questionnaire comprising three sections: demographic information, measuringsocial capital, and voluntary activity assessment.

The study found that 99/7% of respondents had an average social capital score (150-75). Additionally, 99/4% of the respondents exhibited a high level of engagement in voluntary activities. A significant relationship was observed between social capital ,age (P≤0/001),and marital status (P≤0/001). However, no significant relationship was found between voluntary activity and demographic information.

This study suggests that older adults in Tehran possess a reasonable level of social capital and engage actively in voluntary activities. To harness this potential, effective planning and policies must be implemented to align with the needs and goals of society.

Intellectual and social capital are important organizational assets that can greatly help the organization in creating and sharing knowledge to improve the organization's performance. Therefore, the current research was developed with the aim of designing and presenting the mentioned model and validating it in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This research is of a mixed type. The research strategy in the qualitative part is content analysis and in the quantitative part, survey. The statistical sample in the qualitative stage was 13 experts and university specialists who were selected as the sample size using the principle of saturation and the purposeful and judgmental sampling method. The statistical sample in the quantitative section was all the employees and faculty members of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the number of 15415. The data collection method is indepth and semi structured interview in the qualitative part and questionnaire in the quantitative part. To analyze the data of this research, in the qualitative part of the software, Maxqda version 2018, and in the quantitative part, SPSS and structural equations were used from AMOS.

The findings in the mentioned model include intellectual capital in 4 dimensions of human capital, structural, customer respect and innovation, and social capital in 3 dimensions of structural, relational and cognitive capital. In the quantitative part, the results showed that the mentioned model has the required validity.

According to the results of the research, it is possible to strengthen social capital in structural, relational and cognitive dimensions by strengthening intellectual capital.

 This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of organizational learning capability in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation.

 The special situation of higher education and the necessity of dynamism have caused universities to continuously review the existing knowledge and create new knowledge. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the society, they must provide the conditions and fields for knowledge creation. Knowledge creation is one of the important issues in modern organizations and especially educational environments that need special attention. This concept depends on different factors, the most important of which is the category of social capital; Because social capital, by creating a context for participation and cooperation among the members of the organization, causes the reproduction of knowledge, and also makes the productivity of organizational capitapossible. It seems that some factors can play a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation; and organizational learning ability is one of these factors.Organizational learning ability expresses the ability to create and generalize effective ideas in encounter with various organizational boundaries that operates based on specific management initiatives and methods. Employees increase their abilities in an organization with a high level of learning, to obtain desirable results permanently. Therefore, the mediating role of organizational learning capability in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation has been investigated in this article.

 The type of research was applied and it was done with descriptive survey method. The random sampling method was stratified and the statistical sample included 343 managers, vice presidents and employees of universities and higher education institutions in Kermanshah province. Data collection was done using 3 questionnaires: Social capital questionnaire (developed by the researcher), organizational learning questionnaire (Onag et al., 2014) and knowledge creation questionnaire (Rahimi et al., 2011). The data was analyzed via the structural equation modeling method and with SMART PLS2 software.

 The results showed that in the structural equation model, social capital has an effect on organizational learning ability (t = β3.017, 0.146), and organizational learning ability has an effect on knowledge creation (t = β14.663, 0.684). Organizational learning ability also plays a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation.

 According to the results, organizational learning ability has the role of mediating variable between social capital (predictor variable) and knowledge creation (criterion variable) and is its explanation. It can be explained that knowledge creation is the most important issue in educational environments, which is always tried to achieve. One of the facilitating factors of knowledge creation in educational environments is the existence of constructive and positive relationships among university members. With the creation of social capital, these components can also be achieved. In other words, the existence of positive and constructive relationships in the shadow of social capital can help to improve knowledge creation in academic environments. Some factors can strengthen this relationship. Organizational learning ability is one of the most important of them. When learning is a priority in an academic environment and the organization is always learning, social capital and positive relationships in it can help and facilitate the necessary conditions for it. This can affect the improvement of organizational knowledge creation because by applying new knowledge in other aspects, it is possible to extract more new knowledge and information. Therefore, it can be concluded that organizational learning ability has a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation. According to these findings, if universities pay attention to social capital and strengthen organizational learning among employees, it can be expected that knowledge creation will grow significantly in universities.

Knowledge management is a continuous effort to maintain, direct and purposefully increase the knowledge capital of organizations. Today, in addition to human and economic capitals, other capitals called social capital have been taken into consideration.This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge management and the social capital of nurses working in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the year 2021.

  This correlational study was conducted on two groups of 114 nurses with bachelor's degree and master's degree who were selected by stratified random method. The tools of data collection were knowledge management questionnaire and Nahapit and Ghoshal social capital questionnaire. They were analyzed in SPSS version 16 software with using the descriptive method (frequency distribution of variables, mean) and inferential statistics (independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests).

The results of the research showed that the average score of knowledge management and the range of scores for master's degree and bachelor's degree nurses are 78.12 ± 16.13 (43-115) and (111-27) 75.96 ± 19.47, respectively. In addition, the average score of social capital and the range of scores for master's degree and bachelor's degree nurses are 91.64 ± 20.06 (29-135) and 87.90 ± 25.17 (27-127), respectively. A positive and significant correlation has been observed between the variables of knowledge management and social capital in undergraduate and graduate nurses with scores (P-value ˂0.001, r=0.68) and (P-value ˂0.001, r=0.73), respectively.

Considering the significant correlation between knowledge management and social capital in two groups of nurses, nursing managers can play a significant role in promoting knowledge management and increasing the spirit of team work and raising employees' trust in the organization by holding various programs and collaborative management. Have organizational behavior and excellence in the nursing profession among disciplines.

Nurses play a vital role in the healthcare system. Moreover, their commitment and loyalty are keys to achieve organizational goals. The aim of this study is to determine the level of job burnout, organizational commitment, social capital, and their relationship in the work environment of nurses.

Methods and Materials: 

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study has been performed among 215 employed nurses at Razi, Imam Reza, and Valiasr hospitals affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Random sampling method was used to select the nurses and questionnaires were completed through self-report. Standard questionnaires were used to collect the data, including the job burnout scale (Mylymn, 1992), organizational commitment scale (Meyer & Allen, 1990), and workplace social capital scale (Kouvonen). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 19.

This study demonstrated that individuals with more than 10 years of work experience had higher organizational commitment scores compared to others (p = 0.04). Social capital was higher in the age group of 22 to 30 years compared to other older age groups (p = 0.03). There was an inverse relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (p = 0.03, r = -0.24). However, a positive relationship existed between job satisfaction and social capital (p = 0.004, r = 0.32).

The results demonstrated that job burnout has a negative impact on organizational commitment and a positive impact on social capital. It is recommended to reduce the level of job burnout among nurses by creating suitable working conditions, promoting a sense of efficacy, providing opportunities for personal growth, and promotion opportunity.

Social health is a dimension of health that affects other aspects. Social health deals with people's relationships with each other and their interactions in the society, but there is not a single approved definition by all international organizations. Due to diversity of definitions for social health, various indicators have been introduced to measure it. The purpose of this article is to introduce macro social health indicators.

The research approach in this study is a mixed method. Initially, a list of indicators was extracted via systematic review. In the qualitative phase, the prepared list was evaluated and scored by experts in the field of social health (as members of the scientific committee). Prioritization was achieved based on average scores.

Finally, 50 articles were included in the study. Priority macro indicators of social health include the following:Number of prisoners, divorce number (ratio of divorce to marriage), poverty, suicide, school drop-out rate, child labor rate, youth incarceration rate, homicide, security, environmental performance index, social capital, equality of income opportunities )Gini index), legalism (rule of law), social justice feeling, political participation index (e.g., vote in presidential elections).

Using the list of macro indicator priorities and conducting periodical surveys, policy makers and scientific societies could have a true picture of social health and its trend. Social healthpromoting programs could then be designed accordingly.

Considering the importance of intergenerational social mobility in women, the present research was conducted with the aim of Explanation social mobility of women based on the social capital components.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was women of Arak city in 2021 year with number 17,496 people, which based on the Cochran formula the sample size was determined 379 people who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research tools were included the demographic information form and researcher-made questionnaires of intergenerational social mobility and social capital, which whose face validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and the reliability of both questionnaires was calculated with using Cronbach's alpha method 0.74. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and regression in SPSS software.

The findings showed that social capital(r=557/0) and   its two components including access to general skill resources (r=464/0) and, acces s  to individual support resources (r=641/0) had a positive and significant relationship with intergenerational social mobility of women (P<0.001) but acces s  toentrep reneurial resources (084/0r=)didn’t have significant relationship with intergenerational social mobility of women.

According to the findings of this research,in order to increase the intergenerational social mobility of women can be provided the ground for the improvement and promotion of social capital and its components.

Nurses are the main group of care providers in healthcare institutions. The migration of nurses is worrying and has reached an alarming point in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the willingness of nurses to migrate and to assess its relationship with social capital.

This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all the nurses working in educational and therapeutic hospitals of Gorgan, Iran in 2021. After random stratified sampling, 503 nurses were included in the study Data were collected by Chub Basti's Desire to Emigrate Questionnaire and Putnam's Social Capital Questionnaire. The data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS-24 software and significance level was set at 0.05.

The overall score of the questionnaire of willingness to migrate (0.67 ± 0.16) was relatively higher than the average level. The greatest impact on the desire to migrate was related to the dimensions of pull factors or attraction of the origin, push or repulsion factors of the origin, pull factors or attraction of the destination, and finally related to the dimension of the desire to migrate. The average score of social capital was 2.98 ± 0.56. The general score of willingness to migrate and all its dimensions had an inverse and significant relationship with the overall score of social capital and its dimensions so that as social capital and its dimensions’ decreased, the desire to migrate was increased.

With the reduction of social capital in the nurses, the desire to migrate increases. To reduce the desire to migrate abroad, the need for increasing social and institutional trust through proper performance and solving structural problems seems essential.

Lifestyle is a multifaceted model and health plays a central role in it. There is a kind of aspect of health-oriented lifestyle that refers to the sports model, which emphasizes the aspect of health-oriented aspect more. A health-oriented lifestyle includes various aspects of people's lives and not only affects individual health, but also affects public health. The main goal of this research is to investigate the sociological factors that determine the health-oriented lifestyle among young people aged 18-35 in Hamadan city. The sub-goals are: 1- Investigating the status of the health-oriented lifestyle of the youth of Hamedan city 2- Investigating the determining factors of the health-oriented lifestyle of the youth of Hamedan city. In this research, various theories were examined from the point of view of theorists in relation to the explanation of the subject.

This research was done by survey method and using questionnaire technique. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. After data collection, the obtained information was analyzed by spss software. Correlation coefficient, regression and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

The descriptive findings of the research show that about half of the respondents' health-oriented lifestyle status is at an average level. The findings of explanatory results show that the correlation between independent and dependent variables is 0.54 and the exercise pattern variable has a greater effect on health-oriented lifestyle with 0.67. According to the analytical findings of multivariable regression, the independent variables of social capital 0.44, cultural consumption 0.41, social and economic base 0.32 influence the health-oriented lifestyle, respectively.

A health-oriented lifestyle with an emphasis on the role of exercise in the physical and mental health of people is very important. Because the importance of physical and mental health puts lifestyle goals and social relations under its radius and these factors affect the environment of behaviors based on a healthy life.

The current research is a descriptive and comparative study with an applied purpose. The general purpose of the research is to investigate the comparative study of the quality of life of female heads of households and ordinary women in Hersin city and to provide basic solutions in accordance with the results of the research for use in many organizations involved in the work, policymakers and planners of social and support fields. The statistical population included all married women as well as female heads of households in Hersin during the research period, and 380 people were selected based on cluster and random sampling. The survey research method and data collection tool is a questionnaire (quality of life France 1996 and "researcher-made" questions). Statistical analyzes using SPSS software in two descriptive parts (tables, various graphs, relative and cumulative percentages, frequencies and averages) and standard deviation) and inferential (confirmatory factor analysis techniques, two-group independent t-test and structural equation modeling) have been performed. In the two groups of female heads of the household and ordinary women, it shows that in terms of physical dimension (F=452.24, Sig=0.000), psychological dimension (F=530.31, Sig=0.000), social dimension (F513.05) =, Sig=0/000) there is a significant difference between the quality of life of these two groups. Also, the findings of the research indicate a significant difference between the amount of social support, social capital, social relations, and family status of female heads of households and ordinary women.

Intoduction: 

The growing trend of the aging phenomenon suggests the need to pay attention to the activities of the elderly and examine the factors affecting them as an effective factor in improving the health of the elderly. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between capital and social support with the quality of life of inactive elderly.

This descriptive correlation study was conducted on 200 inactive elderly people of the elderly center of Lahijan city in 1401. The samples were selected according to available methods. The data collection tools included the demographic profile form and Onyx and Bolen (2000) social capital questionnaires, Zammit et al. (1988) social support and Lipad (1998) quality of life questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using K-S tests, Spearman's correlation and multivariate regression by SPSS23 software.

According to the results, the average age of the research units was 66.94±8.22 years, and the overall score of social capital was 3.04±0.75, the overall score of social support was 3.07±1.13, and the overall score of quality of life 2.17±0.56 was obtained. The statistical results showed that there was a correlation coefficient (0.29 and 0.42) between capital and social support and quality of life, respectively, which shows that there is a significant relationship (P=0.001).

 It is concluded that capital and social support is an important and effective factor in maintaining and promoting physical and cognitive health related to participation in the life affairs of the elderly. It seems that social support as a component affecting the physical and mental health of the elderly can be considered as a social capital in improving the dynamics and quality of life of the elderly.

In expressing the relationship between servant leadership and knowledge sharing, it should be said that despite the comprehensiveness of the concept of servant leadership style within the organization, there is little research on its relationship with knowledge sharing and social capital in organizations. It doubles the research in this area. In expressing the relationship between servant leadership and social capital, it should be said that servant leadership style can affect all aspects of social capital; In other words, by creating mutual trust and influence in followers and modeling, empowering followers, creating their competence and merit, increase the social capital of the organization. In other words, one of the factors affecting the level of social capital is the type of leadership style adopted by managers. In fact, leaders can grow people by adopting a service-oriented leadership style and investing in people by building trust between themselves and their followers, serving them, and sacrificing personal interests against them in the organization's decisions and missions. Through spiritual nourishment, involvement of followers in organizational affairs, giving responsibility to the followers with authority and being flexible and steadfast, it helps to promote social capital and in this way, in addition to benefiting from people with high human capital, Benefit from the advantage of expanding social capital in your organization. The present study seeks to design a model on the concepts of servant leadership style and knowledge sharing in relation to each other and social capital as a mediating variable in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and thus helps to expand the existing knowledge in this area. N. Given the above, it is clear that "servant leadership style" is associated with the variables "social capital" and "knowledge sharing" and can be a source of positive effects on the organization, so the researcher's preoccupation to answer this question. What is the model of the relationship between servant leadership style and knowledge sharing with the mediating role of social capital in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences?

This research was method-mixed in terms of method. The study population in the qualitative part included the president of the university, managers of the department, the director and managers of the eight vice-chancellors of the university and the director of the nine affiliated faculties) of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences with an approximate number of 45 people and in the quantitative part included the staff of Mazandaran health services and sub-faculties were in 2016. In the qualitative part, sampling was done by snowball sampling method and 20 people were selected and in the quantitative part, it was done by sampling multi-stage relative classes with Cochran's formula and 323 people. In this study, considering that the data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire, which consisted of two parts, including general questions and specialized questions (including 95 items). Delphi technique was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and the structural equation method (SEM) and AMOS software were used in the quantitative part.

The results showed that the direct standard coefficient of the servant leadership style variable on knowledge sharing was 0.57, t value was 5.220 and P-value was less than 0.05. There is a significant relationship between servant leadership style and knowledge sharing. The direct standard coefficient of the servant leadership style variable on social capital is equal to 0.55, the t value is equal to 4.731 and the P-value is less than 0.05, the result is that the relationship between the servant leadership style variable and social capital is meaning. The coefficient of direct standard of the social capital variable on knowledge sharing is equal to 0.39, the value of t is equal to 3.932 and the value of P-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing, the relationship. The results also showed that the value of chi-square in the model 1450/4503, the degree of freedom of the model is equal to 3208, the result of their ratio is equal to 1.404, which is an acceptable value. On the other hand, the fit indices of the main model such as CFI and IFI are all in an acceptable and appropriate level and the SRMR index is 0.061.

In general, the more widespread the service leadership in an organization, the greater the sharing of knowledge and social capital. Social capital also facilitates people's access to other resources inside and outside the organization, increases people's willingness to engage in two-way interaction, and improves the effectiveness of knowledge creation and sharing. The dimensions of social capital, especially trust, networks, relationships and cooperation, with the effective sharing of information, control of information change and reduction of executive and managerial costs, encourage people to participate and cooperate with each other, as well as create and share new knowledge. This, in turn, facilitates knowledge management processes in the organization. To create and share knowledge, there must be a high level of trust and optimism in the relationships of members of the organization with each other. In some organizations, rewards are set or employees are forced to pass on their knowledge to others in order to encourage employees to share knowledge. The danger that may arise is that employees, in order to be rewarded or to satisfy higher authorities, seem to share knowledge and do not transfer their real knowledge and only share some useless information with others. This is usually due to mistrust and lack of social capital among individuals. Indeed, improving an organization's social capital can enhance the acquisition, coding, and transfer of knowledge; Because by facilitating the combination and exchange of resources, it helps the organization's ability to create innovation.

The health of pregnant women is of particular importance. Therefore, the present research was conducted to causal modeling of prenatal health behaviors based on social capital and cognitive-attentional syndrome with the mediation of mental fatigue perception in pregnant women.

The research method was descriptive and based on structural equations. The study population included all pregnant women referred to health centers in Tehran in the fall of 2022. Two hundred and ten participants were selected by the convenience sampling method and participated in the study. The data were collected using Lobel et al.'s Pregnancy Health Behavior Scale (1995), Wells' Cognitive-Attention Syndrome Scale (2009), Enix and Bullen's Social Capital Questionnaire (2000), and Smets' Mental Fatigue Questionnaire (1996). The inclusion criteria included willingness to participate in the study, the age range of 18-45 years, having 6th grade or higher, not having any previous psychiatric history and especially mood disorders, and having a history of problematic childbirth and abortion. Exclusion criteria included any distortion of the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and Amos 18 software. The analysis of data was conducted using correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.

The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between social capital, attentional cognitive syndrome, perception of mental fatigue, and pregnancy health behaviors was confirmed based on various fit indices.  In addition, social capital and cognitive syndrome indirectly affected pregnancy health behaviors in pregnant women through the perception of mental fatigue

Social capital and cognitive problems play important roles in health care in pregnant women, and targeting these two components in psychological treatments can effectively reduce health problems.

Social capital is an important asset of any organization that can contribute to knowledge management and creates a sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing as the heart of knowledge management in a military hospital, and the organizational knowledge dimensions were investigated as an effective organizational factor in the knowledge management process as a mediating role.

This is applied survey research that structural equation modelling is used for analysis. The statistical population includes managers and employees of the selected military hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. To collect data, standard questionnaires were used for organizational knowledge dimensions, knowledge sharing, and social capital.

Social capital had a significant effect on knowledge sharing (effect coefficient 0.450). The findings of the research emphasized increasing the organization's knowledge culture, knowledge leadership, strengthening knowledge resources, giving importance to knowledge portals, and paying attention to the appropriate knowledge structure, and processes for easy access to knowledge.

The organizational knowledge dimensions play a very effective role in increasing knowledge sharing, and in addition to its direct effect on increasing knowledge sharing, it also increases the effect of social capital on knowledge sharing, so the importance of knowledge dimensions in increasing sharing knowledge in military centers should be considered.

The purpose of this study was the impact of social capital on the development of social entrepreneurship in the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee of Fars Province.

The research method was applied in terms of its purpose, and descriptive in terms of contextualization. The statistical population included 1434 employees and organizational managers of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) in Fars Province. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 303. The sampling method was a random cluster design. The data collection method in the present study was a library, and the measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, whose construct validity was confirmed using the factor analysis method and its reliability value was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test coefficient. In order to analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov K-S test was used for the normality of the research variables and to answer the research questions, regression analysis and structural equations were used using SPSS22 and LISREL software.

The findings showed that 75 social entrepreneurships in the Imam Khomeini (RA) relief committee of Fars province have dimensions and components of social capital which have seven dimensions: 1. Structural, 2. Cognitive, 3. Communication, 4. Normative, 5. micro level, 6. middle level, 7. macro level. It Depends. These dimensions can explain social entrepreneurship which has eighteen dimensions: 1. Agents of change in the social sector, 2. Social mission, 3. Innovation, 4. Adaptation and learning 5. Accountability 6. Entrepreneurial programs 7. Basic principles of entrepreneurship 8. Background factors 9. Policy factors,institutions and legality 10. Factors of self-sufficiency entrepreneurship education 11. Work facility factor 12. Opportunity identification 13. Risk taking 14. Innovative culture 15. Agile structure 16. Social health 17. Altruistic benevolence 18. Network factors. explain and predict

In other words, the elements and components and subcomponents of social capital are 75% effective in social entrepreneurship in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) of Fars province.

One of the important goals of development programs in any country is to reduce social harms, and achieving this goal requires recognizing the effective factors that cause it in society. Nowadays, researchers consider social capital as one of the underlying and effective factors in social health and reducing risk in society .Students in a society constitute a large segment of the active population of a country, which various factors such as internal stimuli and external stressors, can endanger their social and mental health and are exposed to various social harms. And put at risk . Many efforts have been made in countries around the world to identify environmental and individual factors that predispose to risk. Among these efforts, attention to the social dimension is possible. Social capital is the result of the "social capital" of health, which is the study of phenomena such as mutual trust, social interaction, social groups, a sense of collective identity, a sense of a shared vision of the future and teamwork with effective interpersonal and group interactions. It can provide risk prevention and many social harms such as violence, drug use, alcohol and high-risk sexual behaviors. Studies have shown that youth and adolescents' access to social capital can reduce social and behavioral problems, so by providing the basis for social interaction, social skills and teamwork can reduce the rate of social harm and risk. They provided opportunities for academic advancement and health promotion. The purpose of this study was to present a model of social capital communication model and high-risk behaviors of social identity in students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. n terms of applied purpose, the present study is descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method because no manipulation has been done on variables and factors and based on the research approach, it is small. The statistical population of the present study will be selected from all students studying medicine in Kermanshah (2000 people in total) in the academic year 1399-1398 using Morgan table and available sampling method of 322 people to compensate for the possibility of falling sample size. 350 people were considered who will eventually be removed after completing the questionnaires by the volunteers of the distorted questionnaire and the relevant data of 322 people were analyzed. To measure high-risk behaviors, the High-Risk Behaviors Scale (YRBSS) was used. The adaptation of the High Disease Behavior Questionnaire of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was designed and developed in 2010 (15). The reliability of the high-risk behaviors questionnaire by Brenner et al. (2002, quoted by Mohammadi, Refahi and Samani, 2013) was evaluated through a test-retest and the results of the items ranged from 14.5 to 91.1 kappa. (1998) has three structural, communication and cognitive dimensions that examine the seven subscales of networks, trust, cooperation, mutual understanding, relationships, values, and commitment, and are arranged in 28 items based on a five-scale scale. Likert (I strongly agree = 5, I agree = 4, I have no opinion = 3, I disagree = 2 and I strongly disagree = 1). The reliability coefficient of this questionnaire in Sardari, Silavio Silavi (2016) research was 0.89 (16) and the Ethical Identity Questionnaire is a self-report scale that was developed and validated by Ako Bino and Reid (2002) and has two subscales of internalization from questions 1 to 5. (The degree to which moral identity is centralized in the individual's self-concept) and symbolism from questions 6 to 10 (the degree to which each subject shows moral identity in their appearance) (17). The answer to this questionnaire is in the range of 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly agree) in each of the questions. The scoring of two items 4 and 7 is done in reverse. First, the person is asked to pay attention to the moral traits written at the top of the questionnaire, and then 10 questions about these traits are asked of the subjects to determine the extent to which these traits are important to the person. Cronbach reported these two dimensions as 0.77 and 0.76, respectively.

In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics indicators (frequency, mean, standard deviation, graphs) and inferential statistics were used. In order to determine the validity and reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha statistical methods and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the normality of data distribution, skewness and elongation indices, and path analysis was used to examine the relationships between variables. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to perform these tests.The results of the present study showed that moral identity and social capital have a significant effect on high-risk behaviors of students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

Laying the groundwork for improving and increasing the social capital of young people both at the family level and at the community level by increasing the sense of social trust, social solidarity, social awareness, providing the necessary social support and youth participation in social and cultural affairs. It seems that according to the theories and backgrounds and the results of the present study, the existence of a significant amount of social capital facilitates social actions and paves the way for achieving certain goals and Subsequently, it can act as a shield against social problems and harms, such as the occurrence of risky behaviors of young people.Universities and institutions of higher education should design and implement special training courses or classes in the form of extracurricular activities in order to educate and familiarize students with the field of social identity and social capital and high-risk behaviors with its constituent components.

Spiritual cu lture, including moral values and norms, along with the responsibility of medical staff, has an effective role in improving and restoring patients' health. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of spiritual culture on s ocial responsibility with the mediating role of social capital in public hospitals in Tehran .

Methods :

This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey - based in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study includ es the staff of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Using Cochran's formula, 384 available samples were selected. In order to collect information, three standard questionnaires including Carol’s Social Responsibility Questionnair e, Nahapit and Goshal’s Organizational Social Capital Questionnaire and a researcher - made questionnaire of spiritual culture were used. In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha was used. Delphi method was also used to ev aluate the validity of the content. For this purpose, the questionnaires were approved by relevant experts. Data analysis was performed through a questionnaire in two descriptive and inferential sections (Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, Pearson correlation test, multiple regression test). In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

Based on the results of factor analysis, the factor loadings of the components were greater than 0.4 and the ir significance values were higher than 1.96, which is confirmed. The mean variance extracted should also be greater than 0.4. Based on the results, they were all higher than 0.4, which indicates significance. Based on the obtained t - statistics, all the th ree hypotheses were accepted at p value of 99% .

The findings showed that spiritual culture has a positive, significant and direct relationship with social responsibility with the mediating role of social capital. Culture plays an important role in competing with competitors and striving to achieve spiritual goals. Spiritual culture increases the responsibility to perform duties and in a way pays a ttention to the social values and the cultural ethics of the society and social responsibility. Ther efore, hospitals are suggested to create a suitable platform for effective programs such as education to strengthen the spiritual culture of the employees . Please cite this article as: Mousavi - Kashi Z, Movafagh A, Mohsenikabir Z. The Effect of Spiritual Culture o