سرمایه انسانی

With the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disruption of the normal state of human life and death, the most social, economic, political, and especially educational activities changed to virtual communications.

The present study was planned with the aim of assessing the effectiveness rate of adopting Learning Management System (LMS) among students. A questionnaire method was used to obtain the perception and opinion of students of different courses and levels. The efficiency of LMS in seven different components was evaluated. The t-student test was employed to evaluate statistical results.

The results of statistical analysis has been interpretated based on the mean and standard deviation of each studied components. Except for exercises and assignments, other components were less than the average limit. The value of the univariate t-statistic was determined to be less than 1.65 (standard t-value) for all components except exercises and homework. Also, considering that the p-value level for all components (< 0.001), it is concluded that there was a significant difference in the answers of all research questions.

The results can be used to resolve the challenges of E-learning. Due to the prolongation of the outbreak of Covid-19 and the intensification of its consequences such as increasing demand for E-learning, the need for continued economic activities, and employing new tools and more effective use of IT will be necessary.

Succession planning is a strategic approach for the long-term future of an organization. It compensates the lack of expertise due to the departure of employees by transferring and preserving knowledge. Considering the lack of experienced nurses in clinical centers and the challenge of employing new nurses, the researcher decided to present the factors affecting human capital based on the succession approach in nurses in a form of a model.

This practical research adopts mixed approach. In the qualitative part, the participants were 12 experts using the purposeful sampling method and in the quantitative part the samples were 148 nurses working in Alborz and Fayaz hospitals who were selected through simple random method. They entered the study in the academic years 2022-2023. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires.

After analyzing the content factors affecting succession were extracted in the form of four factors (education, culture, management, and resources) which were used as a framework for developing a questionnaire. The sufficiency and factor loading of the data were checked by the factor analysis method and the factor of organizational resources and the component of organizational justice were found to have the greatest effect on the succession and the designed model was evaluated under the category of very good models.

Succession approach is a smart way of thinking to preserve experienced staff in the organization. The policy makers of the nursing profession who face the challenge of the absence of expertise are prioritizing the factors to circulate knowledge and create an effective pool of talents in the profession. Under such circumstances, future needs can be dealt with and access to goals and survival in treatment organizations seems to be easier.

The development of human resources of faculty members is a very important and effective issue in promoting the efficiency and effectiveness of academic performance. One of the most practical policies for faculty development is coaching programs. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the components of the coaching program of faculty members of medical universities in order to improve their human capital.

The present qualitative research has been compiled using a seven-step Meta-synthesis strategy. Therefore, the specialized keywords in the internal databases of the recipients, Ensani Portal, Noormags, Sid and external databases Science Direct, Eric, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Sage Journals, Emerald, PubMed searched. The search result was 104 articles. 32 articles were selected from them.

In response to the first question of the research, the characteristics of instructor and instructor, including general and specialized characteristics for both members, as well as common characteristics for both members were identified. In response to the second research question, four main components for the coaching program were obtained. These components include; The anatomy of the coaching program (preparation, supervision and reward, feedback and outcome), university structure (governance and management at the university), development of social capital (internal and external relations) and soft capacities (cultural and normative). 

Policymakers and managers in the field of health system are advised to pay serious attention to the implementation of coaching program for the development of faculty members according to the identified components.

The complexity of working conditions in organizations, including employees' distrust, and challenging working conditions combined with a negative feeling, has led to a sense of frustration in organizations, which can be due to the conditions regarding the community and the organizational climate. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between organizational cynicism and job burnout with mediating role of organizational silence in lifeguards of Tehran municipal pools.

The research method was causal, and applied in terms of purpose.A survey approach was used to collect data. Tools of collecting data were Kalagan Organizational Skepticism Questionnaire (2009), Dain et al.'s Organizational Silence Questionnaire (2003) and Maslach Questionnaire (1985) for Job Burnout. The statistical population of this study included 436 active lifeguards in Tehran municipal swimming pools. Sampling method was simple random. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data, and LISREL 8.8 software was used for modeling structural equations.

Results demonstrated that organizational cynicism through organizational silence, affects job burnout among lifeguards in Tehran municipal pools. The effect was estimated to be 0.56 (z=4.96, ρ≤0.01). It seems that negative attitude of lifeguards, due to their fewer roles in decision-making and lack of information in the organization, causes them to react through silence, and the consequence of such silence, leads to job burnout

As a result, the attitude of lifeguards towards their workplace can be negatively accompanied by unpleasant feelings, helplessness and anger, which seriously affects their performance Therefore, it is suggested that management, along with the presence of lifeguards in organizational decision-making processes and transparency, reduce burnout regarding this vital profession.

Achieving sustainable economic growth requires investment in infrastructure to increase production capacity. Such investments include not only physical investments, but also human investments, education, and health. In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of labor force education in the health sector on Iran's economic growth.

This is an experimentally analytical-descriptive study conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and annual data for Iran from 1991to 2019. In addition to analyzing the effect of labor force education in the health sector on economic growth, the effect of public education, higher education in the Ministry of Science, physical investment, openness, and export were also examined. Data were extracted by documentary method from the database of the Statistics Center of Iran, and estimates were made using Eviews 10 software.

Findings of this study indicated the positive effect of independent variables on Iran's economic growth, in which the coefficients of public education, labor force education in the health sector, labor force education in the Ministry of Science, physical investment, openness, and exports were equal to 0.0125, 0.621, 0.8752, 0.449, 0.218, and 0.2429, respectively.

Results of the model estimation indicated the positive impact of public education, labor force education in the health sector, and labor force education in the Ministry of Science. Based on the results of the present study, the adoption of appropriate policies by policymakers in the field of educational investment at the public and higher levels, especially in the health sector, has an effective role in increasing Iran's economic growth.

Talent management, especially in higher education, is important due to the main role it can play in tackling the global challenges and development of different countries. This study endeavored to identify the components of talent management of faculty members in universities of Medical Sciences Based on internal and external studies.

This study sought for the keyword of talent management of faculty members through meta-synthesis in both national (2006 to 2020) and international (2000 to 2020) academic databases: Magiran, Ensani, SID and databases: Scopus, Science Direct, Emerald, Google Scholar. Finally, after screening and reading, 26 articles were selected.

The gathered data were analyzed through the Sandolowski and Barso's seven-step method. A total of 178 key concepts and 20 Subcategories were reached as follows: talent identification, systematic approach to talent identification, identification of individual and professional competencies, review and correction of recruitment indicators, systematic recruitment process, talent selection, human capital development and academic development, efficient human resource management, effective evaluation and monitoring, infrastructure development and improvement, substitution, supportive attitude to maintenance, professional maintenance, management-executive policies in maintenance, competitive spaces, functionalism, talented university culture and collective culture in the university. Likewise, six major categories of talent identification, talent acquisition, talent development, talent retention, competitiveness and core performance, establishing a talent culture were reached.

Findings of this study underlined the importance of such components as talent retention, talent identification, talent development, talent acquisition, competitiveness and central performance, as well as the establishing a talent culture. This way,planning the development of talents in different ways is suggested.

By stepping into the modern world and the industrialization of societies and due to the existence of many competitions between organizations, scientists have realized that among all the resources available in the organization, human capital plays a key and central role in the progress, efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, in today's modern and turbulent world, more attention is paid to human capital and in all schools it is considered as the main component of the movement of the organization and they must have certain characteristics.The purpose of this research is to explain the indicators of measuring the individual dimension of national human capital from the perspective of Islam.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of data collection it is quantitative and in terms of descriptive-survey approach.. The statistical population of the research includes two qualitative and quantitative parts. To collect information in the qualitative part, from the point of view of experts and professors of human resource management (to confirm the dimensions and components and the conceptual model) and after extracting the conceptual model from the research literature, the measurement model was determined through a survey of experts using the Delphi technique. The quantitative part included the managers and human resources experts of the government organizations of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the statistical sample was determined with the help of Morgan's table. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire tool from experts and employees, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the opinions of experts and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha, and the analysis of the data was done using the structural equation approach.

Based on the findings of the research, four indicators of self-esteem, self-confidence, mental health and general health are valid as indicators for measuring the individual dimension of national human capital.

The results of the research indicate the applicability of the individual dimension of the human capital measurement model in the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare.

The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a knowledge management model for primary school principals in secondary education.

The research method in terms of applied objectives and in terms of data, exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of nature and type of study in qualitative dimension, the foundation data is of its kind and in quantitative dimension is a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population consisted of the qualitative section of all experts and specialists in this field. In the quantitative section, all the principals of the first year of secondary education in Tehran, who have a master's degree and higher in humanities, formed 200 people (80 women and 120 men). Gives. The method of purposeful conscious snowball sampling was selected by 18 experts. In expertise number 15, we reached theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, 127 people were selected based on Morgan's volume determination formula. It was prepared in the form of a form and sent to the experts for selective coding. It should be noted that during this process, interview, Delphi technique and brainstorming were used. From the qualitative stage, a seven-point Weber conversion questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample group. The validity of the measurement tool was assessed by CVR and its validity was validated by Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis in quantitative section in descriptive statistics section (Drawing tables, statistical characteristics and graphs) and inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance as well as KS test were used to ensure the normality of the research community).

The results of the research in the qualitative section showed that the model consisting of 5 dimensions and 19 components of 122 indicators in the qualitative dimension for the knowledge management model for primary school principals was finalized.

In the quantitative part, AGFA, GFI, RMSEA and other indicators both indicate that the dimensions identified in a homogeneous structure support the structures of a concept model called the knowledge management model for primary school principals.

 Specific economic and social conditions make the competitive advantage of organizations no longer based on their tangible assets. Intellectual capital, as the most important asset, has replaced financial capital. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of human capital on intellectual capital in health research centers of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research in Tehran.

This was a case study. The research population consisted of all faculty members and research fellows in health research centers of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research in Tehran. Data was collected using a self-designed questionnaire.  The SPSS20 and PLS3 software were used for data analysis.

The findings showed that human capital has a significant effect on intellectual capital. Among the components of human capital, the attitude and motivation had the highest weight with the value of 0.897. The value of the GOF index for the overall fit of model was 0.535, which confirmed that the model fit for the data.

Considering the importance of human capital (as a component of intellectual capital) in knowledge-based organizations, managers need to provide the opportunity to use this capital well and generate added value and innovations.

Intellectual capital has been identified as a set of intangible assets such as resources, competencies and abilities that not only enhance the performance of the organization but also contribute to the production of organizational value.

This is an applied research. It is also descriptive-survey in terms of categorization according to the method of data collection. Statistical sample of this study according to Morgan table 285 people as the sample of the study according to geographical area was selected randomly. A standard questionnaire was used to measure and analyze respondents' views on intellectual capital. Bontis's (2004) standard questionnaire of intellectual capital measurement, consisting of 37 questions in three dimensions of physical, structural and human capital, was used with Likert scale (five options). SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical tests.

The results of the measurement model test showed that the parameters of the model are at an acceptable and acceptable level. In addition, the results of the research data collection and output model show the highest impact factors related to the human capital component and the second position is the structural capital component and finally the third position is the physical capital component.

The results of the t-test show that physical capital, structural capital and human capital are the most important components of intellectual capital in the medical sciences university. Medicine In the economic and social development and development of any society, it is suggested that special attention be paid to the further enhancement and improvement of the physical, structural and human components.

Human capital or teacher skills are gained through both classroom experience and formal training. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between teachers chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))human capital and studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) academic achievement in high schools in Sahneh.

The research method was descriptive-survey, and the statistical population was all teachers in Sahneh, whose number was 135 people. Using Cochranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s formula, 93 of them were selected as sample members. The results were analyzed using one-sample t-test and independent t-test as well as multivariate regression analysis.

Findings showed that: 1. The human capital status of teachers in Sahneh city under the components of information, knowledge and skills and also in the components of metacognitive, emotional-communication to an appropriate extent, but below the component of expertise to a low extent Was located. 2. Educational status of male and female students were not significantly different from each other. 3. There was a weak correlation (0.144) between teachers chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))human capital and studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) academic achievement (grade point average).

Investing in teacherschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) human capital has significant returns in the classroom. Using teacherschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) test information and survey data in the field of teacher education, it can be concluded that teacher knowledge and education have a significant impact on student performance and classroom productivity.

 

The most important feature of smart organizations in the 21st century is their emphasis of on knowledge and information. This study aimed to investigate the level of intellectual capital in Medical University of Ilam, Iran, in 1394.

This descriptive survey was conducted on the employees working at Medical University of Ilam. The population consisted of 330 employees, 178 of whom were randomly selected as the sample using Cochran’s method. The main instrument for data collection was Bontis’s scale of intellectual capital with 25 items and high level of validity and reliability. The analysis of data was preformed through Kolmogrov-Smirnov method, the parametric tests of t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression in SPSS software.

The findings of the current study indicated that intellectual capital and knowledge management and their sub scales in Medical University of Ilam were at an acceptable level. The results showed that knowledge management could positively and significantly affect intellectual capital in the organizations.

Discussion &

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that organizational creativity and innovation can be developed if intellectual properties and knowledge management are set as the primary concern of an organization.

Any personal decision to invest in higher education requires evaluation of its economic return. This paper aimed to analyze the expected economic return of general medicine and medical specialty programs from the viewpoints of general medicine students.

This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, applied study. Using Gorjesy & Morgan table, a total of 208 general medicine students were selected from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The internal rate of return (IRR) method was applied to evaluate the investment in general medicine and medical specialty programs. Data collection tool was a questionnaire designed according to Hackman & Oldham’s standard job motivation questionnaire with the items adjusted for general medicine and medical specialty programs. The content validity and repeatable reliability were confirmed by experts’ opinion and inter-cluster correlation coefficient (r=0.82) respectively. Data were analyzed in Stata 12.

The students believed that the general medicine and medical specialty programs had higher expected return in comparison to competing fields with medical specialties having the greatest expected return among all of the assessed fields of study. The expected return of general medicine and medical specialty programs was higher for the male students.

Medical students showed an economically oriented behavior in choosing their field of study. They considered their expected economic evaluations in deciding to continue their studies in general medicine and medical specialty programs. Thus, economic components of the future job were one of the factors of studying in medical fields.

The most important asset of any organization is their clients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between human capital and satisfaction with services at Sabalan Social Security Hospital in Ardebil, Iran.
The population in this descriptive study was allocated to two groups: intra organizational and extra organizational. Intra organizational managers and employees consisted of 190 individuals and extra organizational group included 240 candidates. The census method was used for sampling and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) was used to analyze the data, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression model.
The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between human resources and satisfaction in hospital services (P According to the results of the study, human capital can be considered as one of the most important factors related to the satisfaction of service in hospitals and health centers. Administrators and managers may value human capital to increase satisfaction of services.

More than physical capital, ideas are the sources of power and wealth and intellectual capital and intangible nonfinancial criteria are included, the value defines the organization.
This study was descriptive survey and collect data in a standardized questionnaire Bontis intellectual capital is used. For data analysis, correlation analysis using SPSS statistical software was used. In order to investigate the relationships between the dimensions of intellectual capital, path analysis (path analysis) is recommended.
The results showed that all three intellectual capital dimensions above-average and human capital (4.2) structural capital (4.1) and relational capital (3.85) to be allocated to the largest. All relationships between the three dimensions of the concept is meaningful .This means that in addition to the direct impact of human capital, structural capital and relational capital (0.81 and 0.64), other indirect relationship between human capital and structural capital and relational capital(1.36) is expected mediator.
The survey showed that the dimensions of intellectual capital at the University of Medical Sciences in good condition and the relational capital, which represents the external interactive way needs more attention . There is a meaningful difference between average employee comments , except in career record .The relations between the dimensions of intellectual capital is meaningful, and human capital factor is the most important impact in the conceptual model.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationships between health capital and education in Iran during the period 1980-2013.
The econometric vector error correction model was used to obtain patterns, using the Eviews 9 software for data analysis.
The data showed that the coefficient related to the effect of education index on the health index and that related to the effect of health index on the education index were both negative. In other words, improvements in education had led to improvements in health capital and vice-versa.
It can be concluded that improvements in education can reduce child mortality and, consequently, improve health capital. Also, improvements in health capital can lead to improvements in education index. Therefore, it is empirically proven that these two indices are interrelated in Iran. This means that investment in both sectors can accelerate simultaneously improvements in both health capital and education indices. In Article 24 in chapter three of the Fifth National Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan achieving a human development index (HDI) close to that in countries with high HDIs and coordination with regard to growth of education, occupation and health indices have received particular emphasis. So, considering the emphasis put on the health system in the Fifth Plan, the policy recommendation is that economic policy-makers should pay special attention to allocating financial resources to the health and education sectors in Iran.

Intellectual capital is a key factor in innovating, creating and maintaining competitive advantage in a knowledge-based economy. Considering intellectual capital in the academic context is necessary to create innovation and gain competitive advantage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational innovation among university faculty members. In this descriptive correlational study, 248 faculty members of Isfahan University 0f Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling in 2014. The data was collected through Bontis`s Intellectual Capital questionnaire and Ismail`s Organizational Innovation questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation test, and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed a significant correlation between intellectual capital and organizational innovation (p <.05, r =.457). Furthermore, it was found that intellectual capital was a good predictor of organizational innovation (r2 =.209).The results of regression analysis showed that human capital index accounted for 20.5% of the variance in organizational innovation in step 1. Human capital and relationship explained 23.1 % of variance in organizational innovation in step 2. Staff viewpoints based on gender, educational level, work experience, academic rank, and the faculty they worked in did not reach statistical significance. Regarding the significant positive correlation between intellectual capital and organizational innovation, it seems necessary to pay attention to invisible intellectual capital in universities. Thus, university administration should benefit more from human, structural and relational capitals to create innovation.