شرایط بحرانی

Over the past years, field hospitals have been created and developed near the accident site to help provide faster and more favorable medical services and save human lives during war and natural disasters. Since the field hospital must have a lot of medical equipment, manpower, and treatment spaces, it needs a special framework and features. The purpose of this study is to present these characteristics for the construction of a field hospital, and its results can be used as a practical and generalizable framework for the productivity of building an ideal field hospital in Iran and other armed forces of the world. The present qualitative study was conducted by document content analysis and according to the experience of the authors and field observations. First, by reviewing electronic sources, all existing documents and articles related to the characteristics of an ideal field hospital were identified. The selection of documents was done purposefully and considering the four criteria of JUPP. After the multi-step screening, 85 documents were selected and analysis was done after coding. The ideal features for establishing a field hospital to provide optimal medical services to the wounded and injured due to war or accident were identified and recorded in 40 fields. Modern, up-to-date, and more comprehensive field hospitals can save the lives of the injured and improve the treatment process. These features include: having all the functional standards of a hospital, being self-sufficient and self-reliant, being in a network, having an advanced telemedicine system, being mission-oriented, easy to transport, having multiple uses, having special equipment for surgeries, having a room and a command and control system…, is vital on a high scale.

Political, moral and professional commitment of health care officials and continuation of community participation are crucial factors for providing, maintaining and improving the health of society in all dimensions (physical, mental, social and spiritual) and all conditions; including normal conditions, and in unexpected events, forced situations and social crises. This statement is presented in order to fulfill this vital mission and prevent any kind of stagnation or interruption in the continuity of health care and services in critical conditions.

Suffering and critical situations are an integral part of human life and the type of dealing with it and its management, has a direct impact on spiritual health and other aspects of human health. The present study seeks to find out what active interaction one should have with God in the face of suffering. And what is the relationship between each of these interactions and spiritual health?

The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner that data collection was done by documentary method and using library resources and data analysis was performed by qualitative method (interpretive and logical analysis).

Findings indicate that the type of exposure to critical situations plays an important role in weakening and strengthening spiritual health. people who have spiritual health and, consequently, mental, social, and physical health, not only maintain their relationship with God in crises but also deepen this relationship by establishing constructive interaction with Him. Some of the most important active interactions in the face of suffering are patience, perseverance with asking for forgiveness, supplication, prayer, striving for the meaning of suffering, believing in the sufficiency of God in crises, believing in the necessity of testing with suffering, having a sense hope and give alms.

Maintaining the principle of relationship with God and deepening it in the light of active interaction with Him in crises is the best way to get out of critical situations by maintaining and promoting spiritual health. The use of constructive interactions strengthens the spiritual health of the suffering person to attain the “good life” (ḥayātan ṭaīyibah) in the Qur'an, and the good life is the same as complete health with the rule of spiritual health.

Hospitals can play an important role during emergencies and disasters. Medical teams with other first-responder teams are the first ones who attend an emergency or disaster. This study aims to measure hospital resilience in emergency situations and to assess the knowledge and attitude of emergency department staff toward disaster management.

This cross-sectional study was divided into two parts. In the first, hospital disaster resilience was measured using a 58-item questionnaire. In the second part, knowledge levels and attitudes of 102 emergency department staff members towards emergency and disaster preparedness and management were assessed. Two types of self-reported questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and attitude in hospital emergency preparedness and disaster management including knowledge test (11 items) and attitude test (6 items).

The scores of hospital disaster resilience for emergency command, communication and cooperation system, hospital disaster plans, emergency stockpiles and logistics management, and emergency staff domains indicate moderate levels of resilience for the domains. Among emergency staff, 18% had fair and 2% had poor knowledge about emergency and disaster preparedness and management. The findings suggested a positive attitude of staff members toward hospital disaster preparedness and management.

Considering the moderate levels of resilience for some domains of hospital disaster resilience and for increasing staff knowledge, disaster-training programs can lead to increased knowledge and skills of key personnel and better management of emergency and disaster.

Hospital has an important role during unexpected and disastrous situation. Nurses as the largest group of health care providers can play important role in this field through increasing their knowledge and awareness level. This study was conducted to determine the effect of education on nurse’s awareness about disaster management.
This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on all nurses employed at the Oil Great Hospital of Ahwaz in 2013. The subjects were selected through systematic random sampling. The reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by obtaining Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.88. The data were analyzed statistically in the SPSS software.
The results of this study showed that the level of nurses’ awareness about disaster management and their approach to this issue had significantly differed after the educational intervention (P=0.002). Also, the disaster management education was effective on nurse's awareness to manage disastrous situation (P=0.002). In addition, there was a significant relation between attending educational sessions (P=0.002) and some other variables with nurse's awareness level.
Based on the findings of research and the need for nurse's awareness about disastrous situation, establishment of preparation maneuvers, educational programs, and appropriate coordination and connections with the relative organizations are recommended.

AIMS. Nursing is one of important divisions of health and medical service acting during critical circumstances; because nurses are from first personnel present in the situation of disaster and offer care service. The goal of this study is evaluation of clinical proficiency of nurses in critical situations. METHODS. Essential data were collected with questionnaires from three hospitals; Baqiyatallah, Najmieh and Jamaran. Collected data were entered to computer and assessed and evaluated with SPSS 11.2 software using descriptive statistics. RESULTS. In this study nurses were classified into three groups according to total acquired points for clinical proficiency: week (point less than 79), medium (point 80 to 125) and good (higher than 125). According to this, 14% of persons were grade week, 64.5% were grade medium and 21.5% were grade good. CONCLUSION. One of the most important needs of nurses is education of clinical proficiencies. By evaluating results, it was shown that majority of nurses in the study don’t have many of needful proficiencies for critical situations which require high science and practical experience, and need to learn essential proficiencies for critical and emergency situations is completely evident.