عروقی

Coronary artery disease is one of the major health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, this disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world as well as in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity level and some risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with heart attack.

This study was a cross-sectional study of the analytical descriptive type in which the study population included patients with myocardial infarction referred to Dr. Heshmat Educational and Medical Center in 1994. The sampling method was available and 180 patients with myocardial infarction were studied according to the entry criteria. Data were collected using data collection tools. The collection tools were: 1) Demographic information: age, sex and marital status, family history of heart disease, 2) Clinical trials, including cholesterol, triglycerides, etc. Upon arrival at the hospital and 3) Questionnaire Back level of physical activity.

66% of the studied units were men and the mean age of the patients was 62 years. The average score on the level of physical activity in the field of work and leisure time in Venice was significantly higher in men than in women (P <0.001). There was no significant relationship between body mass index, age, education, history of hypertension and underlying diseases and diabetes, as well as history of family members suffering from heart disease, with the level of physical activity of the research units (for all communications P <0.05> ).

It is recommended to include regular and correct physical activity in the treatment plan of these patients. Choosing an active lifestyle in addition to maintaining body mass index in the appropriate range and reducing excess fat, causes control and prevention of cardiovascular risk factors. By increasing the level of regular and correct physical activity for patients, it may be possible to prevent the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Patients with cardiovascular disease have difficulty in emotional regulation, and this disability can interfere with their treatment. Metacognition therapy (MCT) is a psychological intervention based on emotional management. The purpose of research is to study theeffectiveness of MCT for dementia cognitive emotion regulation in patients with cardiovascular.
The present study was a clinical trial with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients in Khorramabad. Sixty-six patients were randomly assigned into control and intervention (Metacognition therapy) groups. The cognitive-emotional regulation variable was used for data collection by a Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij). Repeated Measure ANOVA was used for data analysis.
The findings of the study indicated that Metacognitive therapy was effective in cognitive-emotional regulation (positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, refocus on planning) and not so effective in self-blame, focus on thought/rumination, and catastrophizing.
Based on the findings of the research, Metacognitive therapy effects on cognitive dementia relate to top-down versus bottom-up processing in the brain.

Radical prostatectomy is the preferred treatment for prostate cancer, and sexual dysfunction is one of its complications. Various causes, including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and cigarette smoking, can also cause sexual dysfunction in healthy people. Concurrent study of these cardiovascular risk factors with Surgery on the degree of sexual dysfunction in any study in Iran was not performed. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk factors of ischemic cardiovascular disease in locally diagnosed prostate cancer patients with and without sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.

In this longitudinal study, 96 patients underwent radical prostatectomy from 103 patients. The presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease including cigarette smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertention, history of heart attacks were asked from patients. Electrocardiogram findings, echocardiography, Exercise test and cardiac thalium scan were investigated by a cardiologist. Sexual function status of patients before and after 6 months of surgery was evaluated by Persian IIEF questionnaire. The qualitative variables of the frequency of reporting and comparing them were done using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test. Subsequently, all data were analyzed with spss version 19.

The mean age of the patients was 63.37 ± 7.9 years. Patients with and without sexual dysfunction were 22 (22.9%) and 74 (77%), respectively. The number of cardiovascular risk factors was statistically significant between the two groups with and without sexual dysfunction (P = 0.001). 84 patients were tested for exercise and 12 patients underwent cardiac thalium scan. Of the 84 patients, 32 (40.7%) were positive for the test, 52 (59.3%) were negative. Comparison of the IIEF score in two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.003).

According to the results of this study, the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and bad cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy surgery can affect the sexual potency of patients after surgery.

Since active life style causes metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors to be decreased and considering the increased incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the middle age, the present study aimed to investigate the blood lipid profile and insulin resistance index among middle aged overweight athletic women in rhythmic aerobics and yoga.
In this descriptive study, 42 over-weight middle-aged women in three groups of 14, including yoga and rhythmic aerobics athletes and sedentary women were selected through purposive sampling, from fitness clubs of Tehran city in 2015. Anthropometry characteristics, blood lipid profile, and insulin resistance index were measured. The study variables were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.
Plasmatic levels of triglyceride (p=0.038), total cholesterol (p=0.006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.025), fasting glucose (p=0.031), and insulin resistance index (p=0.001) were significantly lower and levels of high- density lipoprotein cholesterol were sinificantly higher in the rhythmic aerobics and yoga groups compared with the sedentary women (p=0.019). Nevertheless, in the aerobics group, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower than the yoga group (p Both rhythmic aerobics and yoga programs proved to be effective in reducing risk factors of the cardiovascular and metabolic disease. It seems that yoga program has a more effective role in reduction of some cardio-metabolic risk factors such as triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than the rhythmic aerobics.

Primordial prevention is an important aspect of the health system, but its role is less known. It is the most basic level of the health prevention pyramid and has important role in control of cardiovascular diseases. Primordial prevention focuses on creating and maintaining conditions that minimize the emergence of risk factors of disease. Healthy behaviors and lifestyle modifications are considered to be the key interventions in primordial prevention.

Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine possess a dramatic role in treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension, so study of cardiovascular effects of derivatives of these drugs seems necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives on chronotropic and inotropic responses of guinea pig isolated atria in comparison with nifedipine.
Thirty-two male guinea pigs were divided to four equal groups, randomly. After induction of anesthesia, the atria were isolated and attached to physiograph. Three synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives and nifedipine were incubated into organ bath in concentrations 10-9 to 10-3 M, accumulatively and their effects on atrial beating rate and contractile force were evaluated.
The inhibitory effects of all of these derivatives in concentrations of 10-5 to 10-3 M on atrial beating rate were more potent than nifedipine (p≤0.001), while their effects in reducing the atrial contractile force in concentrations of 10-8 to 10-3 M were weaker than nifedipine (p≤0.001).
Considering the stronger effects of these derivatives in reducing the atrial beating rate and the weaker effects of these compounds in diminution of the atrial contractile force compared with nifedipine, these derivatives may possess obvious antianginal properties with minimum effects on cardiac contractility.

Due to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease, it is necessary to identify preventive or exacerbating factors for cardiovascular diseases by providing strategies and models for improving the quality of life and reducing risk of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on perceived stress and quality of life in cardiovascular patients in Khorramabad city.
The present study was semi-invariant with pre-test, post-test and follow-up test. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients in Khorramabad city. A sample of 66 cardiovascular patients referred to a specialty cardiac hospital was randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental group. Individuals from the Stress Inoculation Training group were subjected to 10 sessions of treatment and the control group received only routine treatments and a follow-up test was performed 2 months after the post-test. For data collection, Cohen perceived stress questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREEF) were used. For data analysis, Repeated Measure ANOVA was used.
Comparison of mean perceived stress scores and quality of life in the two groups (control and experiment), in the three study periods (pre and post-follow up), indicated that the Stress Inoculation Training was successful in managing stress, reduced perceived stress and increased the quality of life of cardiovascular patients (P By Stress Inoculation Training, therapists can apply the techniques they have learned to live in stressful situations and find that they are able to decide and control stress events. It is a life of self, a feeling of inner satisfaction, which increases the quality of life of patients. It is suggested that this psychotherapy should be taught to psychologists and hospital nurses to control the stress of heart patients and improve the quality of life of these patients.

Today cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the known world. This study aimed to compare the lifestyle, quality of life, psychological resilience among healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular disease.
The method of present study is causal-comparative. The study population consists of all patients with cardiovascular diseases in Madani Hospital of Khorramabad. The 196 patients with heart disease- Coronary were selected by available sampling and they were compared with 196 matched healthy subjects. Tools for measuring the research variables were life style test (Lali et al., 1391), quality of life (WHO, 1996) and psychological resilience (Connor, 2003). Data were analyzed by U-Mann Whitney test with the level of %95.
There was a significant difference in life styles and its indicators between patients with cardio- vascular and healthy volunteer. Also, there was a significant difference between quality of life, general health, physical health, psychological dimension, the realm of the living environment in the heart patients and healthy subjects. There was a significant difference in psychological resilience among cardiac patients and healthy individuals.
Since that cardiovascular disease showed lower scores than the healthy subjects in the indicators of resilience, lifestyle and quality of life gained, it seems that likely resilience, lifestyle and special quality of life keep symptoms at the time of treatment and it can be considered on treatment.

Metabolic Syndrome is a collection of risk factors which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type II Diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between resistin levels and Metabolic Syndrome components.

This case control study was conducted on a subgroup of patients referred to the clinic of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. Serum sample from 76 person (38 healthy individuals and 38 patients with metabolic syndrome) were analyzed by Eliza for resistin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Association between serum resistin and levels of triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting blood sugar (FBS), waist circumference, body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was determined.

Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar and LDL cholesterol was significantly(P0.05).

Serum resistin levels are higher in people with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals end can be considered for the early detection and severity of this syndrome in the future.

Considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease among people in the world, the aim of this study was to simultaneously investigate the association between the serum level of xanthine oxidase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes with the severity of coronary artery disease.
In this case-control study, 85 patients undergoing coronary artery angiography participated and were divided in to the three groups considering the results of angiography by Syntax score as follows: 1. without coronary artery disease (Syntax score = 0); 2. Mild coronary artery disease (Syntax score˂ 22); 3. severe coronary artery disease (Syntax score ≥22). XO was measured by ELISA method and GPX activity assay by Coupled assay. The results were compared using SPSS software version 16.
Our results showed that the control group had ejection fraction higher than the other two groups, and the EF was an independent risk factor for the incidence of coronary artery disease (OR = 0.349, P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of history of myocardial infarction (OR = 0.332, P = 0.11). Also serum total cholesterol levels were significantly different between the groups (OR = 0.400 and P=0.030). XO value was significantly higher in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis than the other groups but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.206). Moreover, with increasing severity of vascular arrest, the level of GPX serum reduced (P =0.539).
Overall, our results indicated that there are no independent correlation between XO and GPX factors with the severity of arterial obstruction

Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have shown that some lactobacillus strains can reduce cholesterol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from the traditional yogurt on body weight and lipid trends in rats fed with a high-fat diet.
Forty male rats (200±20 gr) were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in the first group received normal diet (N), the second group consumed normal diet with fermented milk containing L. fermentum (N-L), the third group received a high-fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (HF), and the fourth group were fed in a high-fat diet with fermented milk containing L. fermentum (HF-L). After 8 weeks, body weights and lipid metabolisms were measured.
Findings: In the rats fed with a high-fat diet of fermented milk containing L. fermentum (HF-L), serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides levels were significantly lower than that of the group fed with a high-fat diet without probiotic supplementation (HF), whereas the serum HDL-C level significantly increased (p 0.05). However, mean levels of serum cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and HDL-C were not markedly different among the N groups (N, N-L). Also, the gain in body weight of the HF group was significantly heavier than that of the HF-L group (p 0.01).
Discussion & This study suggests that consumption of milk fermented by L. fermentum improves serum lipid trends in rats by lowering serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C levels, as well as by increasing HDL-C level. It also plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by a high-fat diet.

Today cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the known world. This study aimed to compare the lifestyle, quality of life, psychological resilience among healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular disease.
The method of present study is causal-comparative. The study population consists of all patients with cardiovascular diseases in Madani Hospital of Khorramabad. The 196 patients with heart disease- Coronary were selected by available sampling and they were compared with 196 matched healthy subjects. Tools for measuring the research variables were life style test (Lali et al., 1391), quality of life (WHO, 1996) and psychological resilience (Connor, 2003). Data were analyzed by U-Mann Whitney test with the level of %95.
There was a significant difference in life styles and its indicators between patients with cardio- vascular and healthy volunteer. Also, there was a significant difference between quality of life, general health, physical health, psychological dimension, the realm of the living environment in the heart patients and healthy subjects. There was a significant difference in psychological resilience among cardiac patients and healthy individuals.
Since that cardiovascular disease showed lower scores than the healthy subjects in the indicators of resilience, lifestyle and quality of life gained, it seems that likely resilience, lifestyle and special quality of life keep symptoms at the time of treatment and it can be considered on treatment.

Background and Identifying potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is essential for screening and disease prevention. In this study, the association between ABO blood groups and risk of cardiovascular diseases was assessed.
In a cross-sectional research, 1353 consecutive elderly in Amirkola, north of Iran enrolled. Cardiovascular disease was determined according to medical history, any medications, and other medical documents. Also, the ABO blood group was determined. Finally, the frequency of cardiovascular disease was compared between ABO blood groups. Data analysis was done in SPSS 16.
The mean age of the population studied was 69.21±7.30 years and 754 (55.7%) and 599 (44.3%) were males and females, respectively. Blood group O (33.5%) and B (33%) phenotypes were common types in this population. Angina pectoris was significantly associated with A blood group (P=0.039). But no relationship was found between ABO blood group and cerebral stroke (P=0.624), myocardial infarction (P =0.229), heart failure (P =0.866), hypertension (P =0.623), and other risk factors.
According to the our findings, a relationship was only detected between A blood group phenotype and angina pectoris, while no any significant association was detected between ABO blood groups and risk of other cardiovascular diseases.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of a 12-week aerobic water exercise and atorvastatin on of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) changes in older men with cardiovascular diseases.
In the current study, 40 patients with cardiovascular disease, aged 50-65yrs, who were volunteers for the research were divided in to four equal groups including1.exercise, 2.exercise plus atorvastatin, 3.atorvastatin, and 4.control. Then, blood was taken before and after the interventions. Groups 1 and 2 performed the specific water aerobic exercise 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Group 3 took 20mg of atorvastatin daily under a physician Water aerobic exercise lasted 12 weeks, 3 periods a week, with intensity of 55-60% of heart-beat. Every week, due to overtax principle, 3.5 minutes was added to exercise period. In order to determine the difference between pre-test and post-test, dependent T was applied. Intergroup difference was determined through ANOVA using Tukey for post-test; (P≤0.05).
ANOVA application revealed that mean of functional variables in pre-test compared to that of post-test was significantly different. Mean post-test of BNP in the four groups exercise, atorvastatin, exercise plus atorvastatin and control was P= 0.001, P=0.002, P=0.000, respectively. But mean post-test of ANP in the above mentioned groups was P=0.022, P=0.001, P=0.000, respectively.
Aerobic exercises together with daily taking of atorvastatin can have significant effects on decreasing natriuretic peptides and CVDs.

Obesity and its related disorders are the cause of cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the results of studies indicated that exercise training have beneficial health effects on obesity and risk markers of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on lipocalin2 (LCN2) and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in obese adult males.
In this quasi-experimental study, the obese adult men (n=24) were randomly assigned into Control and Exercise groups. Exercise group was participated in a resistance exercise program with 50-80% of one Repeated- Maximum (IRM) intensity for 8 weeks (three times per week). Venous blood samples were collected before and after the exercise. Moreover, body composition indexes were measured at pre- and post-training programme
Resistance exercise caused a significant decrease in the body fat percent, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in Exercise group (P The results of the present study suggest that 8 weeks of resistance exercise improve body composition and decrease the new cardiovascular biomarkers in obese men. However, further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved.

The ageing of population is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important chronic disease in ageing. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the anthropometric indexes and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population in Amirkola (Mazandaran, Iran).
This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was a part of the Amirkola Health and Ageing Cohort Project (AHAP). Demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants to measure the serum level of lipids. Measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and anthropometric indexes [e.g. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHR)] were done for all participants.
One thousand five hundred and six elderly people of Amirkola (age> 60 years) were participated in this study. There was a positive and significant correlation between the BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. The WC had a positive and significant correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and triglyceride. The correlation between WHR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and triglyceride was positive and significant; however the correlation between the anthropometric indexes and TC and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was negative and significant. The WHR had a significant positive correlation with all studied risk factors.
According to the findings of present study, WHR index had stronger correlation with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as a major cause of mortality worldwide have close association with obesity, this factor is regarded as independent CVDs risk factor. In addition, obesity enhances incidence of the other risk factors particularly metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which secretes important bioactive mediators that are called adipokines or adipocytokines. These proteins have complex function in regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism and are involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis. It is well recognized anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effect of some adipokines such as Adiponectin. There is adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity state, which is represented by inflammatory cells infiltration and abnormal production of adipokines so their balance is impaired. In this condition decreased or increased levels of some adipokines have involved in cardiovascular disease incidence by several mechanisms such as insulin resistance, vascular calcification, fibrinolysis disturbance, increased adhesion molecules expression, increased foam cell formation, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In this article we focus on the role of adipokines which are involved in CVDs pathogenesis such as Leptin, Resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, Visfatin, Chemerin, Apelin, Omentin, Adiponectin, Vaspin. Undoubtedly, further researches in this field can promise appropriate strategies for CVDs prevention, control or even treatment.

One of the major problems threatening the world’s people are cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 30% of the deaths. The factors exposing people to this danger are called risk factors.
This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein between active and sedentary elderly men.
The study was a descriptive comparison of two groups that were conducted in Rasht city in 2015. The subjects of this study consist of 30 active elderly men and 30 sedentary elderly men who were selected non-randomly and purposefully. Inclusion criteria of research for active subjects were have regular physical activity at least six months and don’t use cigarette and pills that affect profile lipids and inclusion criteria for sedentary subjects were don’t have regular physical activity and also don’t use cigarette and pills that affect profile lipids. The measured cardiovascular risk factors of subjects include fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glycated haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The statistical methods used for data analysis are Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-student, and U Mann-Whitney with significance level less than 0.05.
Findings: The t-student exam shows that cardiovascular risk factors, including FBS, TG, TC, HDL, VLDL, HbA1c, and CRP, in active elderly men are lower than sedentary elderly men. This difference is also statistically significant (P≤0/01).
The study showed that cardiovascular risk factors in active elderly men are less than sedentary ones. However, 80% of active elderly men had still at least one or several cardiovascular risk factors.

Cardiovascular diseases are the mainly causes of disability and death in countries around the world and despite the advances of different treatment methods, are still at high prevalent and mortal rate. Numerous studies have shown that psychological factors are significantly involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study assesses the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the quality of life among the patients with cardiovascular diseases. In order to do so, a total of 103 patients were screened, from whom 60 were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups (n=30). The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction training while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects in both groups were evaluated for health related quality of life through MacNew Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQoL). The results revealed significant difference (p

Today, oxidative stress is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Various studies have reported a strong association between increased consumption of plant flavonoids and reduced risk of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea and sour tea on serum malondialdehyde (MDA), blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) in male athletes.
In this study, 54 male athletes who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups using ternary block randomization. The first, second, and control groups, respectively, received 450 mg/d of green tea extract, 450 mg/d sour tea extract, and 450 mg/d maltodextrin. The serum MDA, blood pressure, and BMI of the subjects were measured at the beginning of and 6 weeks after the study.
Findings: Sour tea extract and green tea extract significantly reduced serum MDA level compared to placebo (P = 0.008). ýHowever, only sour tea extract significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (P 0.001). Neither of the extracts had a significant effect on diastolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI.
This study showed that green tea and sour tea extract consumption can decrease oxidative stress, and thus, reduce the risk of CVD in male athletes.