فعالیت بدنی

Type 2 diabetes and obesity cause sexual dysfunction in men by reducing vascular function and erectile dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the independent and interactive effect of 12 weeks of combined training and saffron supplementation on serum levels of nitric oxide and erectile function in obese men with type 2 diabetes. In this quasi-experimental study, 60 obese men with type 2 diabetes (age: 39.51±5.02) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) combined training 2) saffron 3) combined training + saffron 4) control. The subjects of the first and third groups performed a combined training protocol (resistance + aerobics) for 12 weeks. Also, the subjects of the second and third groups received one pill of 100 mg of saffron daily and the first group received the same amount of placebo. Blood samples and related questionnaire were collected in two stages of pre-and post-test to measure the biochemical values and erectile function. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05.5).

Prostate cancer affects the majority of older men and can be used preventively. Prostate cancer treatment and the resulting system complications are a considerable health burden. Many factors have been identified to prevent prostate cancer; among them, physical activity may play an important role in the prevention of this type of cancer. It was shown that exercise has an anti-risk, antioxidant, and regulatory mechanism for cancer and its complications. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that physical activity prevents disease recurrence and improves survival after diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Physical activity is a crucial factor in the prevention of prostate cancer and can improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with the disease. Public health policies should promote regular exercise as an effective strategy for prostate cancer prevention and management.

Adequate physical activity is essential to healthy aging. This study aimed to examine the construct validity of the Persian version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) among community-dwelling adults, which would be used as a screening tool at the Neyshabur longitudinal study on the aging (NELSA) Center.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Neyshabur, Iran, as a pilot phase at the NELSA center between May and January 2019. The sampling method was a stratified random method. For explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), 300 and 650 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and older were selected, respectively. EFA was used with the principal component extraction method, and Varimax rotation and CFA were performed with the maximum likelihood estimation method.

Of the 950 participants, 445 (46.8%) were male, and 505 (53.2%) were female. The mean age of participants was 63 ± 8.6 years. The mean physical activity score was 89.7 ± 70.7. According to the percentage of variance explained in EFA, all five extracted factors explained 62.7% of the total variance. The results of CFA showed that all item-scale relationships were significant (P < 0.05), except for household activity (Q8) and leisure time activity (Q2) (P > 0.05). The values of the fit indices showed that the model fits well with the data.

The EFA and CFA confirmed the construct validity of the Persian version of PASE. This questionnaire is suitable for measuring the physical activity level of older Persian adults.

Hypertension is a common and potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The purpose of this article is to review the relationship between physical activity and hypertension, highlighting the underlying mechanisms, benefits, and recommendations for incorporating exercise into hypertension management strategies.

Texts were searched with the keywords "hypertension," "physical activity," "exercise," "blood pressure regulation," and "lifestyle modification" from 2019 to 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find the most relevant articles.

Physical activity is recognized as a key lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of hypertension. Regular exercise can lower blood pressure, improve cardiovascular health, and reduce hypertension-related complications. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week or vigorous-intensity exercise for 75 minutes per week is recommended. Resistance training should be performed at least twice weekly, targeting major muscle groups.

Incorporating physical activity into daily routines should be encouraged as an influential non-pharmacological approach for people with hypertension or those at risk of developing it. Further research is necessary to investigate optimal exercise protocols and long-term adherence strategies for sustainable blood pressure control.

Menstrual disorders contribute significantly to infertility. The relationship between psychological stress, cortisol levels, physical activity, and these disorders remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare menstrual disorders and their association with stress, cortisol, and physical activity in female athletes and non-athletes.

In this case-control study, a total of 60 young girls aged 18 to 25, each with at least two menstrual disorders, were evaluated in two groups: athletes (VO2max > 40, 30 participants) and non-athletes (30 participants). We assessed the type of menstrual disorder, level of physical activity, perception of stress using the Cohen scale, and salivary cortisol levels.

There was no significant difference in the prevalence of menstrual disorders between the two groups (P<0.05). Dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were common in both groups. However, hypomenorrhea and amenorrhea were more common in athletic girls with high cortisol levels, while oligomenorrhea was more common in non-athletic girls with high stress (P<0.05). In non-athletic girls, a higher level of physical activity correlated with a decrease in dysmenorrhea, stress, and cortisol levels (P<0.05). In female athletes, longer daily training and higher training frequency were associated with an increased risk of amenorrhea and a reduced risk of metrorrhagia, respectively. Conversely, there was a significant negative correlation between a history of exercise and stress and cortisol levels (P<0.05).

A high level of physical activity in non-athletic girls and a long history of sports in athletic girls may be effective in reducing cortisol and stress and thus reducing the incidence of some menstrual disorders. For female athletes, prolonged daily exercise should be more considered by coaches and athletes to prevent the occurrence of some menstrual disorders.

Physical activity is a key requirement for maintaining good health. This systematic review aimed to determine the physical activity level and the accumulation of physical activity among health care professionals (HCPs).

The study employed a systematic review approach, conducting keyword searches on databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Searching Persian medical articles was carried out via Magiran, Scientific Information Database, IranDoc, and Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. The search terms included "Physical activity", "Physical practice", "Exercise", "Healthcare employees", "Healthcare workers", "Healthcare Professionals", "Healthcare occupational" and "Level". A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and were analyzed.

In the reviewed articles, the level of physical activity among the Healthcare Professionals has been determined by subjective (questionnaire, daily physical activity record) and objective (accelerometer, heart rate monitor, pedometer, calorie counter, and sport tester) tools. In 66% of the reviewed articles, the occupation was nurses. Healthcare Professionals physical activity levels largely consist of light-intensity physical activity. They spent 80 to 150 minutes per work shifts in light-intensity physical activity.

An understanding of the occupational physical activity levels of Healthcare Professionals can affect the well-being and safety in the work environment and the patient's satisfaction of the services they receive. Although moderate and vigorous-intensity occupational activities among the Healthcare Professionals have also been reported in the reviewed studies, but the intensity, duration and sequence of these activities are not sufficient to therapeutic effects.

The developmental and social changes between the ages of 7 and 15 are very prominent. In this period, the possibility of developmental and mental disorders is also high. Typically, physical activity is introduced as a low–cost and effective method to help with developmental disabilities. Physical activity has many positive effects on physical and mental health. It has been estimated that about 80% of teenagers do not do enough physical activity. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive and gestalt view of middle childhood and pre–adolescence developmental disabilities regarding the amount of physical activity. Finally, considering the conflicting results regarding the Relationship between the amount of physical activity and the developmental disabilities of children and adolescents, we examined the Relationship between the amount of physical activity and developmental disorders in 7– to 15–years–old children and adolescents living in Hamedan City, Iran.

This was the correlational description study. The data of this study were collected using a cross–sectional method in the community of healthy school–aged children from March to May 2021. The Research Ethics Committee of the Sports Sciences Research Institute reviewed the research. It was approved according to compliance with Ethical Standards in Research of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, with the code IR.SSRI.REC.1401.1923. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age range between 7 and 15 years, not suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and developmental coordination disorder, not suffering from sensory and skeletal and muscular defects, and being willing to participate in the study. The exclusion criterion was not answering all the questions in the questionnaires. Questionnaires were designed online and were made available to parents. The participants were invited to participate in the study by advertising in social network groups, verbal advertising, and cultural centers. A total of 177 parents of individuals aged 7 to 15 years participated in this study. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity (Crocker et al., 1997) and Five to Fifteen Questionnaire (FTF)–Parent's Form (Kadesjö et al., 2004). Data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS version 26 software. A significance level of lower than 0.05 was considered for all tests.

The results showed no significant relationship between physical activity and motor skills development disorder, perception disorder, language and verbal communication disorder, memory disorder, learning disorder, social skills, and emotional problems (p>0.05). However, the results showed a negative and significant relationship between the duration of physical activity and executive dysfunction (r= – 0.143, p=0.040).

According to the findings, duration of physical activity has a negative and significant relationship with children's executive function disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that parents and teachers strengthen the conditions of physical activity based on the needs of children's executive function so that ultimately, executive function, which is a high–level cognitive skill, can be strengthened for the child's success in life and all its aspects.

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease that it leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and destruction of liver cells if it left untreated. Changing the lifestyle and doing physical activity can be the main factors in the prevention and treatment of this disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of physical activity on patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

This study aims to investigate the effect of physical activity on patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease. To reach this aim, 32 research articles were prepared from the scientific databases including Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and SID during the period of 2011 to 2024. Moreover, these articles have been analyzed and the conclusion has been drawn from them.

Physical activity increases AMPK, PPAR-α/γ, T3, GLP-1, UCP-1, it reverses intestinal microbiome dysbiosis ,and it decreases FGF-21, ASK-1, PAMPs and ROS in patients with fatty liver.

Regular physical activity as an effective non pharmacological method can be used to prevent and treat non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

 Due to the Corona epidemic, the sudden start of the online lifestyle brought problems such as anxiety, depression and physical discomfort such as headaches, sleep disorders and inactivity. According to previous research, physical activity under the supervision of sports coaches can improve the immune system with positive psychological effects. Also, according to the theory of autonomy, satisfying psychological needs leads to psychological well-being and reduces anxiety. This theory has been widely used in the field of health behaviors, but there is little research in the field of interventions through social networks. Based on the increasing attention and excessive use of mobile phones and the challenge of sedentary behaviors, the purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of students in physical activity in order to increase physical health through smartphone application.

The method of the present study was pretest-post test. The statistical population of this study consisted of students of Urmia University who had chosen the physical education unit virtually according to the corona pandemic. 165 students were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention included a physical activity program in 10 workouts with body weight using a mobile application for 20 days, which was presented to the intervention group. The control group simply performed their usual programs in the physical education classes offered to them through the LMS system. Students in both groups completed questionnaires on physical activity, basic psychological needs, subject vitality, depression, headache, and sleep disturbance in three stages, pre-test and one and two post-test.

The results showed that physical activity through the application increased satisfaction with the basic psychological needs related to workouts. Depression, physical health problems, headaches, and sleep disturbances also decreased. The results in the control group showed that physical activity, and subjective vitality significantly reduced, while depression, headache and sleep disturbance increased.

It is suggested that in order to promote the physical health of students in physical education units, physical activities should be done using smartphones with the approach of supporting basic psychological needs.

COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease that has a great impact on the immune system and is influenced by physical activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effect of physical activity on some immune and inflammatory indicators in exercise and non-exercise patients with COVID-19.

In this quasi-experimental research, 39 men with COVID-19 disease, which admitted to the Saadat clinic in Gerash city, were selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups of exercise people with a background of three days of moderate activity per week (n=20), and non-exercise people without regular activity (n=19). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form was used to assess the rate of physical activity and also, before and after the start of treatment, white blood cell, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine phosphokinase, and blood oxygen levels were compared. The covariance test was used at a significance level of p<0.05.

 The results showed that there is a significant difference in variables of white blood cell (p<0.05), C - reactive protein (p<0.05), blood oxygen level (p<0.001), and interleukin 6 (p<0.001) between groups of active and inactive patients; while other variables did not show any significant differences (p>0.05).

 It seems that regular physical activity probably can prevent the harmful effects of the coronavirus by improving the immune system and reducing its complications compared to inactive people.

Islam is the religion of nature and has recognized and paid attention to maintaining health. One of the ways to maintain health is physical activity. The present study aims to investigate the Islamic point of view on the role of physical activity in maintaining health and well-being by using the Holy Quran and the traditions of the leaders.

The present study is a descriptive analytical study to extract and analyze texts with the keywords of Islam, Quranic verses, hadiths, physical activity, health, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Pure Imams (PBUH) from Islamic sources including the Holy Quran, Tafsir al-Mizan, Bihar Al-Anwar, Jame Hadith and Jame Al-Tafseer software as well as databases such as Iran Doc, Iran Mag, PubMed, SID, Research Gate and Science were used. The authors of the article reported no conflict of interest.

Based on the findings obtained from the verses of the Quran and the traditions of the innocent leaders (PBUH), special attention has been paid to physical activity to maintain health and well-being, to perform spiritual and religious affairs that ultimately lead to the preservation of human values. Examining the historical course of the purpose of physical activity shows that one of the challenges of the current world is not paying attention to the social mission of physical activity in maintaining the general health of the society, and more attention has been paid to individual health.

According to what is stated in the verses and narrations, the religion of Islam pays special attention to maintaining health and doing physical activity with the aim of preserving human values. It seems that one of the challenges that the current world is facing is simple physical activity without regard for human values. In the Islamic religion, the purpose of doing physical activity is more important than just doing physical activity. Also, the social dimension and social influence of physical activity and sports are well explained in Islam.

Today, cancer is known as one of the biggest public health problems and the second cause of death in the world, and due to its high prevalence, it is considered as one of the main health problems all over the world. There are many treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, to treat cancer in patients. Chemotherapy is actually the use of antineoplastic drugs alone or in combination with other drugs. Of course, these drugs can also damage the function of healthy cells and cause many side effects. Anthracyclines are one of the most widely class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin are among the anthracycline drug group, the most widely used of which is doxorubicin, which causes cardiotoxicity in the patients undergoing chemotherapy, and unfortunately, there is no definite and reliable treatment for it. Various strategies have been used to reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin on non-target tissues, including the use of medicinal plants, diet and various types of long-term exercises with the aim of increasing tissue antioxidant levels. Therefore, determining the appropriate exercise and nutrition program considering the physical conditions for cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment is so important. Therefore, the current review study aimed to determine the effects of DOX cytotoxicity on heart tissue and the benefits of regular physical activity and curcumin supplementation were investigated and discussed.

The use of curcumin with aerobic exercise is likely to be a potentially useful candidate to protect against the toxicity of blood cells caused by the drug doxorubicin, which is used to prevent the growth and progression of cancer cells in patients

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle in the relationship between physical activity level and anxiety in adults of Sistan and Baluchistan.

The method of research was descriptive and its design was of the correlation, which was carried out by the field. The statistical population included adults (15 years old and above) among them 360 people in the cities of Saravan, Chabahar, Zahedan, and Soran by Cluster sampling were selected. To collect the data, the standard health-promoting lifestyle questionnaires of Walker et al. (1997), Spielberger's anxiety (1970), and IPAQ Physical activity were used. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with AMOS.

The results showed that physical activity has a direct and significant effect on the health-promoting lifestyle, the effect of physical activity on anxiety was negative and significant, effect of health-promoting style on anxiety was observed to be negative and significant. The results showed an indirect and significant effect of physical activity on anxiety through a health-promoting lifestyle.

Findings show the importance of a health-promoting lifestyle as a mediator in reducing anxiety; therefore, improving lifestyle will facilitate the effect of physical activity on reducing anxiety

The ability to control static and dynamic balance is an important physical activity which plays an important role in the implementation of activities, and as a result, in overweight management in children.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mastery-oriented motivational climate (student-centered educational and sports approach) on static and dynamic balance of overweight girl children.

A semi-experimental research strategy with applied purpose and a pre-test-post-test design with control groups were used. 60 girls between 10 and12 were selected by convenience sampling method and were placed in four equal groups of mastery overweight, control overweight, mastery normal weight and control normal weight. Stork and Star tests were used to evaluate static and dynamic balance, respectively.

In the pre-test and post-test, the normal weight group performed better regarding both static and dynamic balance, although the difference between the normal weight and overweight groups decreased in the post-test. The experimental overweight group performed better in both static and dynamic balance than the control overweight group. The mean difference between pre-test and post-test of the two experimental groups of overweight and normal weight regarding dynamic and static balance was similar to each other. This was while this mean difference in the overweight group and normal control weight was greater in dynamic balance than static balance (P<0/01).

the mastery-oriented motivational climate approach has led to the improvement of both static and dynamic balance and can cause stability of posture and better performance of daily activities and various sports exercises.

Cognitive decline is one of the basic problems of adults, the cost of diagnosis and treatment is high, and despite the high importance of physical and mental health in facing this disease, no comprehensive research has been done on the role of psychological well-being and sports history on this disorder.  

The purpose of the research was to design a model of the mediator role of psychological well-being in the causal relationship between sports history and mild cognitive impairment.

This research was applied and correlational. The statistical population was 55 to 84-year-old men of Tehran with a history of physical activity, and 396 of them were selected based on criteria. The research tools were Wechsler's working memory test software (1945), Reif's psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), and self-reported sports history questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used in spss23 and structural equation modeling and Sobel tests were used in smartPLS3.1.1 at a significance level of 0.05.

Psychological well-being has a positive and significant relationship with sports history (p=0.001; t=23.280) and working memory (p=0.001; t=18.227). Also, sports history has a positive and significant relationship with working memory (p=0.001; t=31.429) and the research model has a good fit and psychological well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between sports history and working memory (p=0.001; t=10.55).

Engaging in proper physical activity and having psychological well-being can reduce the amount of mild cognitive impairment in adults, so these people should always think about their physical and mental health.

The existence of a large number of studies on exercise and physical activities of the elderly, whose results are somewhat contradictory, has made planning and policy-making for this area difficult. It is necessary to combine and integrate the results of these studies. Therefore, the current study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the studies on factors affecting exercise and physical activity of the elderly in Iran.

This is a meta-analysis and systematic review study of descriptive studies (survey or correlational) conducted in Iran assessing the factors affecting the exercise and physical activity of older adults in Iran from 2011 to 2021, and were available through searching in the databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles were finally selected for the review. To analyze the studies, the effect size for each study, the mixed effect size with two fixed and random effects models, funnel plot, sensitivity analysis, homogeneity test, I2 statistic and the failsafe statistic (FS-N) were used. The type of effect size index was the r index, which was calculated in CMA software, version 2.

The mixed effect size was r=0.528 for the random-effects model and r=0.532 for the fixed-effects model. Among 73 effect sizes, 15 had small sizes, 37 had moderate sizes, and 21 had big sizes. It was found that sociocultural factors had the biggest effect sizes (r=0.622) followed by individual factors (r=0.591), motivation (r=0.573), environmental factors (r=0.572), economic factors (r=0.478), and interpersonal factors (r=0.431).

Exercise and physical activity of the elderly in Iran is influenced by several factors and simply emphasizing a specific factor cannot help increase their activities. However, it is recommended to consider sociocultural, individual, motivational, environmental, economic, and interpersonal factors more than other factors that affect exercise and physical activity of the elderly.

Chronic kidney disease is a major health problem that is associated with low quality of life and premature death. According to the contradictory results of some studies regarding the effect of exercise and physical activity on renal indicators, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the population of Fasa County, Fars province, Iran.

The current cross-sectional study is derived from the data of the Fasa Persian cohort study. In order to measure the level of physical activity, a standard questionnaire was used in three levels of low, moderate and intense physical activity. Also, renal function was evaluated in three levels: normal, mild insufficiency, and severe insufficiency based on milliliters per minute. In addition to this, the demographic characteristics of people including age, gender, etc. were also evaluated.

The number of studied people was 5963. The mean physical activity and GFR level in the studied subjects were 2540.1±703.9 (MET-min/Week) and 77.7±11.2 ml/min, respectively. Analytical evaluation showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between GFR levels and physical activity in all three levels (p<0.001). Also, a statistically significant relationship was observed between GFR levels with the variables of age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar, blood pressure, sleep duration, smoking, diabetes and hypothyroidism (p<0.001).

The results of this study showed that there is a direct relationship between the levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and physical activity.

Body image is a multifaceted construct that shows a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior toward their body shape, appearance, and attractiveness. The purpose of this research was to investigate the body image and its subscales in the employees of one of the ranks of the police who had regular and irregular sports activities.

The current research is cross-sectional and comparative of two groups. In 2022, 172 male employees of one of the ranks of the police of Tehran City participated in this research using the available sampling method. These people were divided into two groups with regular exercise (94 people) and irregular exercise (78 people) based on the Baecke physical activity questionnaire. To evaluate body image, Marsh's body self-description questionnaire was used. The difference between the groups was analyzed using an independent t-test using SPSS 21 software at a significance level of p= 0.05.

The samples were 172 people with an average age of 35.2±6.5 years. The overall body image index, health subscale, physical activity subscale, sports fitness subscale, strength subscale, endurance subscale, and self-esteem subscale had significant differences in the two groups (p<0.05). The comparison results of the coordination subscale (p=0.26), fat scale (p=0.10), appearance scale (p=0.16), and physical flexibility scale (p=0.10) in the two groups show no significant difference.

It seems that participating in regular physical activities increases the level of physical abilities and physical fitness of a person, which changes the type of assessment and estimation of one's capabilities and ultimately improves it.

Paying attention to factors affecting mental health in military forces can control mental disorders, maintain the health of employees, and increase their efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of physical activity on reactivity to perceived stress and mental toughness of male police officers.

The research method is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of this research was formed by all the male employees of police in Yazd City in Iran in 2022, of which 174 people participated in the research as available. The research data collection tool was Sharkey’s Physical Activity Questionnaire (1997), Scholtz et al.’s Stress Reactivity Questionnaire (2011), and Clough’s Mental Toughness Questionnaire (2002). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and linear regression using SPSS 25 software.

174 male participants with an average age of 35.87±8.37 years and experience of 14.24±7.57 years participated in the research. The mean scores of physical activity variables were 13.17±4.55, reactivity to stress was 22.05±7.63, and mental toughness was 155.12±19.70. The results of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and reactivity to stress (p< 0.01; r=- 0.343) and between physical activity and mental toughness (p< 0.01; r= 0.336). Also, the results of the linear regression test showed that physical activity scores could significantly predict variables of reactivity to stress (12%) and mental toughness (11%) in male police officers (p<0.01).

Based on the results, the physical activity level of police male employees can predict their reactivity to stress and their mental toughness.