جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "قطع عضو" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Body image is one of the important aspects of people's mental health, and those who suffer from amputation face many problems related to body image concerns. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing the structural relationship between mindfulness and body image concern in amputees with the mediating role of perceived social support.

The current research was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was amputees who referred to the comprehensive rehabilitation center of Red Crescent Society of Tehran in 1401, of which 260 people were selected by purposive sampling. To collect data, Littleton's body image concern questionnaire, Bauer's five-dimensional mindfulness questionnaire, and Zimmet's multidimensional scale of perceived social support were used. Data analysis was also done with the help of SPSS18 and AMOS23 software and structural equation test.

The findings showed that the research model has a good fit and the causal model of the relationship between mindfulness, perceived social support and body image concern in people with amputations was confirmed. Also, mindfulness and perceived social support have a direct impact on body image concerns. In addition, mindfulness has an indirect effect on body image concern through perceived social support.

The results of the research indicate the importance of the role of mindfulness and perceived social support on body image concerns of people with amputations. According to the obtained results, implementing programs to improve mindfulness and perceived social support in people with amputations can lead to a reduction in their body image concerns.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Berg balance scale instrument in Tehran's people lower limb amputations.  

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 83 individuals (38 athlete and 45 non-athlete amputees) (age: 38±5 years) with lower limb amputation who were selected using convenience sampling based on inclusion criteria. The instruments of the present study were Berg balance test, artificial intelligence (mobility section) questionnaire, two-minute walk test, L functional mobility test, and digital scales to determine body mass index. For data analysis, we used Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation, and independent test. 

Internal consistency was obtained for Berg  balance scale (α = 0/89) and Cronbach's alpha variability in Berg balance subscales (0/73 to 0/76). The Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was greater than 90% for all substructures. Also, the Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for evaluating intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability was greater than %90 for all leaf balance subscales. Content Validity Index (CVI) was evaluated to be  0/94. Correlation coefficients related to the reliability of the Berg balance test constructs with each of the artificial limb assessment tests (r = 0/57), two-minute walking test (r = -0/25), functional mobility test (r=-0/48), and activity specific balance test (r = 0/59) were found. Independent test-retest results showed that the Berg balance test between athlete and non-athlete lower limb amputation had a discriminant validity (p < 0/05).

Given the validity and reliability of the Berg balance test, this instrument can be used to evaluate lower amputee individuals in Tehran.

The aim of present study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Amputee the Body Image Scale (ABIS)

A sample of 200 amputee patients were selected from amputee veteran and amputee people under the protection of Red Cerscent by using convenience sampling and asked to respond to the Persian version of The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS), Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) and Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS). The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. Also; in order to investigate the validity of the inventory, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion validity and convergent validity were used

The Cronbach’s alpha (0.89) and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed one factor structure for scale. Also, criterion validity of the scale with the Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) and convergent validity of the scale with the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS) was satisfactory

The findings showed that the Persian version of the Amputee Body Image Scale is a suitable tool in assessing of body image in amputee patients and can be used in research and intervention fields in Iranian patients.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare congenital anomaly may affecting any region of the fetus. Here, we reported a case of ABS involving the upper limbs resulted in amputation, syndactyly and lymphedema of several fingers. One of the the amputated finger reimplanted on to the upper back of the fetus between two scapular bone. The finger-like mass had no osseous tissue.

Brain electrical stimulation is a low-cost stimulant technique, which has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of one session transcranial direct current simulation on postural control of disabled athletes with lower limp amputees.

In the present study, participants included 45 disabled athletes with lower limb amputees, aged 30-45. Two experimental groups were exposed to electrical stimulation for 2 mA for 20 minutes, and one control group was exposed to sham transcranial direct current simultion. Then, all groups were evaluated by SOT postural control to exposed variables in sensory organizing test. Data were analyzed using ONE way ANOVA to test the difference in the significance of the variables and Bonfrrons post hoc test was used to adjust significance level of multiple comparisons (p˂0/05).

Findings showed that brain electrical stimulation had a significant effect on the improvement pf postural control in athletes with lower limb amputees in both experimental groups in all six values Equilibrium compared to those in the control group.

According to the results of the current study, one session transcranial direct current simultion can improve kinetic postural control parameters in athletes with lower limb amputees

 Individuals with lower extremity amputation have more difficulties than healthy people in static and dynamic balance. The significant effect of core stability training in different subjects has proven in previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability training on static and dynamic balance and strength on disabled veterans with unilateral below knee amputation.

 This semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group was carried out on 36 disabled veterans with unilateral below knee amputation in Mashhad city in 2018. The subjects were selected by the purposive sampling method and the subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (N=18). After measuring the static and dynamic balance and strength variables, core stability training was performed for the subjects of the experimental group for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week under the supervision of the researcher. Then, the research variables were again evaluated in two groups. Data were analyzed through SPSS 19 software using independent and paired sample t-tests.

 There was a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test and pre-test in the experimental group (p<0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the posttest and pretest in the control group (p>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test step (p<0.0001).

 The offered training can be effective in the balance, strength and core stability in people with unilateral lower limb amputation and can improve their balance.

One of the damaging factors of the family structure is the disability of one of its members, which can be due to events such as war. Due to the need to pay attention to the members of the veterans' family, especially their spouses, the aim of this study was to predict the caregiver burden based on sense of coherence and psychological capital in the spouses of amputee veterans. Instruments and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2016 among spouses of amputee veterans in Piranshahr. Using available sampling method, 120 people were selected as sample. For data collection, Pai and Kapur’s Family Burden Interview Scale, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale, and Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 18 software, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression test. Finding: There was a negative and significant correlation between caregiver burden and sense of coherence (r=-0.28; p<0.01) and psychological capital (r=0.41; p<0.01). The sense of coherence was significantly able to predict about 7% of the variance of caregiver burden in veterans’ spouses (p<0.005). Also, self-efficacy in the first step and resilience in the second step significantly predicted 14% and 17% of the variance of the caregiver burden of the spouses of veterans, respectively (p<0.001). The sense of coherence and psychological capital reduce caregiver burden in the spouses of amputee veterans.

Aims: The war leads to a lot of physical damage. The most common level of amputation is the upper limb, cutting off at the below elbow. The aim of this study was to investigate satisfaction of veterans with trans-radial amputations from myoelectric prosthesis and prosthetic services referring to Kowsar orthotics and prosthetics center in Tehran.
Instrument and This descriptive study was carried out among 59 veterans with trans-radial amputations referring to Kowsar orthotics and prosthetics center between 2001-2016, who received myoelectric prosthesis or prosthetic services. Orthotics Prosthetics Users Survey (OPUS) was used to assess the satisfaction of prosthesis and prosthetic services. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software with one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation.
Findings: Overall satisfaction was 66.66%, satisfaction with prosthesis was 44.48%, and satisfaction with services was 88.84%. The most satisfaction in the device section was related to the ease of wearing the prosthesis and the lowest, with the cost of purchasing and maintaining the prosthesis by the individual. In the service sector, the highest satisfaction was related to the politeness and respect of the staff and the lowest, related to the coordination of the clinic staff with the therapists and doctors. The age, side of the amputation and duration of use had no significant effect on overall satisfaction, satisfaction with the device and the services.
Overall satisfaction level, satisfaction of prosthesis and received services of veterans with trans-radial amputations referring Kowsar orthotics and prosthetics center in Tehran from myoelectric prosthesis is desirable. The age, side of the amputation and duration of use of the prosthesis have no effect on satisfaction with the prosthesis and received services.

Aims: By assessing the users’ satisfaction with prosthesis and prosthetic services, it is possible to modify the service providing structure and increase satisfaction with the delivery of services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the users’ satisfaction with prosthesis and prosthetic services in Tehran.
Instrument and materials: In this descriptive study with scrolling method, 388 users referred to Method Co. in Tehran, including those who received prosthesis and used the prosthetic services, were selected by census sampling method from the beginning of December 2014 to the end of January 2015. To assess the users’ satisfaction with prosthesis and its services, the standard Orthotics Prosthetics Users Survey (OPUS) and telephone interview technique were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software, using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, t-test, independent sample t-test, and Scheffe's post hoc test.
Findings: The satisfaction level with device was 45.5% and the satisfaction level with service was 66.2%. The satisfaction with device was assessed at a low level and the satisfaction with services was assessed at a high level. The highest level of satisfaction with device and services was in the illiterate group. Satisfaction with services among 5 groups showed a significant difference (p=0.001).
Users’ satisfaction with prosthetic services is more than their satisfaction with prosthesis. Users are not highly satisfied with the device (prosthesis), while their satisfaction level is relatively high with services that relates to human performance engaged in communication and customer-oriented principles. The higher the education levels of the users, the lower the levels of satisfaction with the device.

The motor ability of persons with amputation is generally lower compared with those without amputation. One of the most important factors affecting motor ability in amputees is the function and comfort in using a prosthetic limb. The aim of this study was design, production and assessment of an ankle turner unit of prosthesis in subjects with unilateral below knee amputation
In this applied research, to provide the possibility of rotation of the ankle section of the prosthetic limb in required conditions and the ability to return and disengage to the initial position, a very light weight unit was designed. After the design phase, the unit was produced using light and durable materials by milling and cutting machinery. The unit was designed and made to be compatible with mating sections of the host prosthetic limb without the need for change in the host prosthetic limb or use of any interface. The effect of this unit on the ability to sit cross-legged and to kneel was evaluated in 20 patients.
The produced unit improved transversal rotation in the ankle joint of the prosthetic limb. To provide effective ankle range of motion in amputee patients, this unit was tested on 20 persons with unilateral transtibial amputation. In all patients, transversal rotation range of motion of the foot ankle resulted in a significant improvement in patterns for cross-legged sitting (p=0.04) and kneeling positions (p=0.006).
In general, using this unit increases the effective range of motion in amputated limbs which can be beneficial to motor ability of the amputee patients.

Aims: Asymmetry while walking in people with lower limb amputation induces asymmetry in muscular activity, fatigue, instability in the spine cord, and low back pain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 12-week corrective training on lumbar multifidus muscle asymmetry and pain intensity in veterans with one-sided below-knee amputation suffering from chronic low back pain.
In this semi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design, 20 male veterans with one-sided below-knee amputation at Kowsar orthosis and prosthesis center in Tehran, Iran were selected by voluntary sampling method in 2016. After the initial assessment of the individuals, the selected training was taught to the veterans. The training program was performed during 12 weeks (5 days per week). After completing the training period, the electromyography of multifidus muscles and pain intensity assessment were performed again. Muscle asymmetry was measured in activity of maximum voluntary contraction of the muscles and muscular endurance (Sorenson test). Data were analyzed by dependent t-test.
Findings: Compared with the pre-test, in the post-test, pain intensity significantly decreased, and significant increase was observed in maximum contraction of the lumbar multifidus muscle of the amputation side (p0.05).
The corrective training has a positive effect on the pain intensity in male veterans with one-sided below-knee amputation suffering from chronic low back pain, but it does not affect multifidus muscle asymmetry in maximum contraction of muscle and muscular endurance.

Aims: Low back pain as a common health issue is more problematic than other complications of amputation. Due to the etiology of amputation in veterans, different factors may be related to the severity of back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors related to the severity of low back pain in veterans with unilateral below-knee amputation.
Instruments & In this descriptive correlational study, 62 male veterans with unilateral below-knee amputation in 2016 were selected using available sampling method from Center of Orthosis and Prosthetics Kowsar in Tehran. The severity of back pain and disability caused by low back pain were evaluated by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Biomechanical evaluations were carried out using surface electromyography. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, simple linear regression and Chi square test.
Findings: There was a significant correlation between pain severity and asymmetry index of superficial lumbar multifidus muscle (r=0.31; p=0.01). Asymmetry index of superficial lumbar multifidus muscle could predict 0.09 of pain severity (p Muscle asymmetry due to the use of the prosthesis, prosthesis height, amputation-associated psychological disorders and smoking are the factors related to the severity of low back pain in veterans with unilateral below-knee amputation.

Even though replantation surgery has now become a routine procedure, it remains delicate and demanding surgery, requiring adequate training and expertise in microsurgical techniques. Functional outcomes following replantation vary with the level of injury. Replants of the fingers distal to the flexor superficial are insertion, the hand at the wrist, and the upper extremity at the distal forearm can achieve good function. With the advent of refined microscopes, sutures, and needles, along with specialized surgical training, replantation has become a routine part of hand-surgery practice in centers all over the world. Clearly, survival does not equate with function. Amputations constitute multisystem injury, with disruption of skeletal support (bone), motor function (muscle), sensibility (nerve), circulation (blood vessel), and soft-tissue coverage (skin). A lot of News work-related accidents published daily. Complete amputation of the palm with sharp objects electric disrupts quality of life and irreversible effects on their life. Replantation or repair the damaged organ can improve their quality of life, functional body.
The case is a man with complete amputation of the palm while working with an electrical machine, at the same time as damage and severe crush was also the distal phalanx of the first finger of the right hand. Patient was admitted to the emergency unit at Fatemi Hospital of Ardabil city in January 2014, Iran, and underwent to surgery for replantation.
Complete amputation of palm and its successful replantation are among rarely occurred and reportable cases. Complete amputation of palm and successful replantation and the 10-month follow-up indicated that the patient had a successful operation. No abnormalities were found in the blood circulation, and finger grasping was acceptable. Nerve development was acceptable.

Aims: To investigate the amputee veterans’ satisfaction in the prosthesis and the services provided by the health and care centers is very important to find out the problems and to solve them. The aim of this study was to assess the veterans’ satisfaction in the utilized prosthesis and the prosthetic services provided by Kowsar Orthotic and Prosthetic Center in Tehran.
Instrument & In the descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 veterans with transtibial amputation, who used to utilize the low-limb prosthesis of Tehran Kowsar Center (Iran), were selected via census method. The orthotic prosthetic user survey (OPUS) was used to assess the subjects’ satisfaction in the prosthesis and the prosthetic services. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using one-way ANOVA, post-hoc, and Chi-square tests.
Findings: The mean score of satisfaction in the prosthesis was 45.94±11.62. In addition, the easy wearing prosthesis and the costs of repair and replacement of the prosthetic pieces received maximum and minimum scores, respectively. The mean score of satisfaction in the provided services was 65.77±22.14. In addition, the proper politeness of the employees and the conducted trainings for the utilization and maintenance of the prosthesis received maximum and minimum scores, respectively.
The satisfaction level of the veterans with transtibial amputation in the prosthetic services is relatively high. Nevertheless, the relative satisfaction levels decrease in the costs of repair and replacement of the prosthetic parts and the sufficient training for the utilization and maintenance of the prosthesis.

Aims: Care of the veterans with amputations results in some physical and mental side-effects, mainly, in their spouses, affecting their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of the spouses of the veterans with amputations in Hamadan Township.
Instrument & In the descriptive cross-sectional study, the spouses of 140 male veterans with amputations, supported by Hamadan Martyrs and Veterans Foundation, were investigated via census method in 2014. Data was collected by a bi-section questionnaire consisted of demographic and quality of life parts, the latter done using 36-question standard questionnaire of quality of life. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
Findings: Total number of quality of life in the veterans’ spouses was 42.40±21.47. Maximum and minimum mean scores of quality of life were of mental health (54.50±20.37) and of public health (32.40±19.99) domains, respectively. Age, type of injury, and heart diseases significantly affected the quality of life of the veterans’ spouses (p The quality of life of the spouses of the veterans with amputations of Hamadan Township, including, even, maximum quality of life observed in the mental health domain, is low.

In today's world, Islamic jurisprudence encounters new issues. One of the areas where jurisprudence gets involved is the issues concerned with brain death, whether brain death in jurisprudence and Islamic law is considered the end of life. In this study, brain death was discussed from the Shiite jurisprudence perspective and also the opinions of the specialists are taken into account.
This study is designed based on library collection and review of the literature in the field of brain death. Also, Quranic verses, hadiths and fatwas (religious opinions) of the scholars are used. Some of the articles which were centered around Islamic jurisprudence, particularly Shiite jurisprudence that explain and deal with brain death were given special consideration.
FINDINGS: Brain death from religious and jurisprudence perspective is considered the termination of life and removing the vital organs from the body is not viewed as committing manslaughter. A person with brain death is not a normally known injured man who is still alive. The brain death patinets have no life and getting rid of the body does not constitute a case of manslaughter. Amputation of the organs of brain death patients for donation and transplantation amounts to the amputation of a dead body. If the life of a Muslim is subject to transplant of organs from the body of a brain death patient, it will be permissible.
In principle, if the life of a Muslim entails transplant of organs of brain death patients, it will be permissible

Aims: The utilization of prosthesis not only changes the gait pattern in the patients with lower-limb amputations, but also applies asymmetrical forces on the limbs leading to disturbances. Therefore, it is very important to identify the application mode of earth’s reaction forces on the lower limbs in walking. The aim of this study was to analyze the components of earth’s reaction forces in healthy leg and prosthetic leg in the patients with unilateral below the knee amputation.
In the observatory cross-sectional study, 10 patients with unilateral below the knee amputation of rehabilitation clinics of Isfahan were studied in 2013. The subjects were selected via non-probable available sampling method. Qualisys motion analysis system was used to record different gait phases. Kistler force plate was used to measure the earth’s reaction forces. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using independent T test.
Findings: In the prosthetic leg, the propulsion impulse (p=0.01) and vertical impulse (p=0.05) of the reaction force of the earth and the loading rate (p=0.03) were lower than the healthy leg by 5.82N/s, 63.25N/s, and 12.8N/s, respectively. Time to peak reaction force of the earth on the prosthetic side was more than the healthy side by 4.9s (p=0.05).There was no significant difference between prosthetic and healthy legs in braking impulse, medio-lateral impulse, peak of braking force, peak of propulsion force, and unloading rate (p>0.05).
Greater propulsive impulse, vertical impulse, and loading on the healthy leg than the prosthetic leg in the patients with unilateral below the knee amputation shows that there is a greater loading time interval on the healthy leg.

Mirror therapy is a relatively new intervention that focuses on moving the defective part in front of the mirror and the intervention is proposed to be an important tool to improve stability during rehabilitation program of amputee. This study aims to evaluate the effects of 12 sessions of mirror therapy on postural control kinetic variables of amputees when manipulating sensory information.
In this quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and random group design, 14 below knee amputees (n =7 control and n =7 experimental) were enrolled. The experimental group engaged in 12 session of exercise therapy in front of mirror but the control group just did their routine daily activities without any intervention. To asses postural control, Computerized Dynamic Posturography was used which shows the balance score according to two variables of stability and displacement of the center of gravity while manipulating sensory organization in 6 conditions (absence or presence of vision, presence or manipulation of vestibular and kinesthetic information). For data analysis, multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used.
The results showed that postural control improved in the experimental group compared to the control group in all six sensory manipulation conditions. The balance improvement in the mirror therapy group in the first condition (existence of three senses of vision, vestibular and kinesthetic) and second condition (elimination of sight and presence of vestibular and kinesthetic information) has been higher than other conditions. Balance scores were worse in condition 6 (manipulation of vestibular and kinesthetic) in the control group compare to other sensory conditions.
Finding of the research showed that 12 sessions of mirror therapy can improve balance in people with below knee amputations. Moreover, application of mirror in exercise sessions can reduce the amplitude of fluctuation and increase alignment and strategies, which helps promotion of balance control.

Aims: Post-amputation rehabilitation can improve the quality of life. Prosthesis evaluation questionnaire (PEQ) has been designed to evaluate the prosthetic functioning and major aspects of the quality of life in persons with lower-limb amputations. The aim of this study was to translate the questionnaire into Persian and evaluate validity and reliability of the translation.
Instrument & The study was done qualitatively and quantitatively. Firstly, prosthesis evaluation questionnaire was translated into Persian and localized. To evaluate formal validity, the questionnaire was completed by 17 lower-limb amputees referred to Kowsar orthotics and prosthesis center. Its content validity was evaluated by 15 prosthesis experts. Using test-retest method, the questionnaire was completed by 70 amputees referred to the center in 2015. The amputees were selected by simple non-probability method. The questionnaire was completed by 22 of the amputees after 2 weeks, again. Data was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha, relative repetition coefficient, and impact score.
Findings: The impact score of all the items of the questionnaire was more than 1.5 and favorable. Excluding formal scale and relative repetition coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha was more than the favorable level (0.7) in other scales.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of prosthesis evaluation questionnaire are favorable; and the version can be used to assess prosthesis and major aspects of the quality of life in the Iranian amputees.

Pain and limitation of motion due to amputation of victims, especially children, cause irreversible long-term mobility problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pain and its relationship with limb problems in adolescent victims of landmines and unexploded ordnances.Instrument & In a cross-sectional study in 2009, 76 adolescent victims of landmines and unexploded ordnances (between 6-18 years old) living in five border provinces (West Azerbaijan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Kurdistan & Khuzestan) were evaluated in two heath-recreational camps. Demographic data was collected by questionnaire. The limbs, joint and limb pain were evaluated using physical examinations and history taking by a specialist in physical medicine. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Chi-square test. The average age of the victims at the time of the study was 16.11±2.00 years and 65 (85.5%) were male. 23 of the total 41 amputees (56.1%), had upper limb amputations. Pain was reported in all amputees and was significantly higher in lower limbs of 15-18 year old adolescents (p<0.05). Then, contractures (19.7%) and tendinitis and bursitis (18.4%) were the most common complications. Trauma and wounds were the least abundant (2.6%). The most common problem due to amputation in landmines and unexploded ordnances in adolescent victims is pain, particularly back pain and despite of the higher frequency of upper extremity amputations, pain is more prevalent in the lower limb amputees.