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Caring for veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress can affect various aspects of spouses’ lives and their quality of life. The skill of positive thinking includes learning to think differently, about positive events and assets , negative events and assets, and valuing these assets. This research aimed to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on the quality of life of veterans spouses suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

This intervention was conducted as a randomized field trial on 60 veterans spouses suffering from post-traumatic stress. The research sample was divided into two groups of intervention (30 people) and control (30 people) by random allocation. A quality of life questionnaire(SF-36) was completed by caregivers before, after and two months after the training. The intervention included teaching positive thinking in 8 sessions. The data were analyzed through paired t-test and chi-square at a significance level of 0.05.

At the beginning of the study, there was not any statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics and the eight dimensions of quality of life. In the intervention group, the average overall quality of life score changed from 79.2 ± 11.0 in the pre-intervention phase to 87.4 ± 11.1 in the post-intervention phase and 95.8 ± 8.6 in the two-month phase. It was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.005).

Considering the effectiveness of positive thinking training on the quality of life of the veterans spouses suffering from post-traumatic stress, it is recommended to use programs based on positive thinking in order to improve their quality of life.

Students in the era of corona due to excessive use of cyberspace, usually face a decrease in health and academic motivation. Accordingly, the current study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of positive thinking training on academic vitality and achievement motivation of students during the coronavirus epidemic.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up stage. The statistical population of the research was all male students of the first secondary school in Kermanshah city in the academic year 2020-2021. Forty students were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tools included the latest validated version of the Academic Vitality Questionnaire (Dehghani Zadeh and Hossein Chari, 2012) and the Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (Hermans, 1970). The experimental group received 10 90-minute sessions of positive thinking; while the control group did not receive any intervention and received regular school education. The research data was analyzed by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS 21 software.

The results of data analysis showed that positive thinking training was effective and positive on the components of academic vitality variables (P <0.01) and students' achievement motivation (P <0.01) and these results continued in the follow-up period (P <0.01).

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that positive thinking with its functional component has led to academic self-efficacy and this is effective in improving academic vitality. By having a positive mindset, one feels empowered, which in turn is effective in academic vitality and causes a cycle of positive academic events for the individual. Also, expressing positive experiences and receiving feedback from other members is one of the strongest steps in the positive approach in recognizing reliable abilities that play a role in increasing motivation for achievement.

Primiparous pregnant women experience high levels of health anxiety and fear of childbirth. It is crucial to implement interventions aimed at reducing health anxiety and fear of childbirth in these women. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive thinking training on health anxiety and fear of childbirth in primiparous pregnant women.

This study was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design, including a control group. The study population consisted of all pregnant women referred to medical centers in Qom for pregnancy care between March 2022 and May 2023. Forty women were selected through convenience sampling and then randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, each consisting of 20 individuals. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of Serini and Sayadi's positive thinking training package, while the control group did not receive any training during this time. Salkovskis and Warwick's health anxiety questionnaires and Harman's childbirth attitudes questionnaire were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using the covariance analysis test in SPSS software version 26.

The study results demonstrated that positive thinking training had a significant impact on health anxiety (F=58.94; P<0.001) and fear of childbirth (F=96.9; P<0/003) in primiparous pregnant women. The mean scores of health anxiety and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women who received positive thinking training significantly decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P<0.001).

The research results show that training in positive thinking has been effective in reducing health anxiety and fear of childbirth in first-time pregnant women. Therefore, it is essential to implement positive thinking training interventions to decrease psychological issues in pregnant women, particularly those who are expecting their first child and dealing with fear of childbirth and health anxiety.

Schemas arise due to the failure to fulfill the primary emotional needs of childhood. A person who has mental health can adaptively satisfy these basic emotional needs. The present study was conducted to test the modeling of primary maladaptive schemas in the positive thinking of Yazd nursing students with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation.

This was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included all Yazd Paramedical University nursing students in 2021-2022. Among the 800 students, 183 females and 77 males were selected using the Random sampling. The research tools included Garnevsky's Emotional Cognitive Questionnaire (2001), SF-SQ Early Inconsistent Schemas Questionnaire, Yang and Braun (2005), and Ingram and Wysinski's Positive Thinking Questionnaire (1998). Descriptive and inferential statistics methods (Pearson correlation, Path analysis, and Structural Equation Model) were used to analyze the data using SPSS ver. 25.0 and AMOS 24 software. P = 0.01 was considered significant.

The findings showed that cognitive emotion regulation can significantly mediate between the primary maladaptive schemas and students' positive thinking. The results of structural equation modeling showed that none of the primary maladaptive schemas could directly and significantly predict positive thinking. Positive cognitive discipline directly, positively, and significantly (0.69) predicts positive thinking in nursing students. Negative cognitive discipline directly, negatively, and significantly (-0.17) predicts positive thinking in nursing students.

The results showed that it is possible to increase positive thinking in nursing students by using schema therapy techniques and modifying maladaptive schemas. Considering the mediating role of cognitive emotions, it is suggested that universities of medical sciences help students increase their positive thinking by holding educational workshops on cognitive regulation of emotions.

Academic success in kids is significantly influenced by two crucial factors: academic engagement and the acquisition of social skills. Hence, the primary objective of this research endeavor was to assess the efficacy of positive thinking training in enhancing academic engagement and fostering social skills among elementary students.

The present study employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pre-test and post-test design, with the inclusion of a control group. The statistical population comprised all sixth-grade students enrolled in primary schools within the city of Baharistan during the academic year 2018-2019. A total of 30 students were selected via cluster sampling and subsequently divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, each consisting of 15 individuals. The study utilized research instruments such as the Social Skills questionnaire (Karamti, 2016) and Academic Engagement questionnaire (Fredericks et al., 2004). These questionnaires were provided to both the control and experimental groups before and after undergoing positive thinking skills training. The experimental group participants underwent a series of 14 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, during which they received positive thinking training. In contrast, the control group did not get any form of training. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 software, employing a multivariate analysis of covariance test with a significance level of α=0.05.

The findings indicate a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of social skills and academic engagement between the experimental and control groups during the post-test phase. Specifically, the experimental group exhibited higher levels of social skills and academic engagement compared to the control group (P<0.01).

According to the findings of this study, the implementation of positive thinking skills in education facilitates enhanced self-awareness and curiosity among students. This approach also promotes the recognition and appreciation of positive experiences, leading to improved adaptive abilities and academic motivation.

Improving the job performance of nurses is important due to their difficult and stressful professional conditions in medical centers; while training or applying positive thinking skills, it improves nurses' job performance. In the present study, a review of research on the impact of positive thinking skills or its application in various areas of nurses' job performance has been reviewed.

This article is a review study that uses data collection from library resources and searches in PubMed, Science Direct, Magiran, SID, CINAHL databases and using common search engines with keywords Education, positive thinking, job performance, nurses and their English equivalent have been done in the period of 2021-2011. Inclusion criteria were related to the topic of the impact of positive thinking and skills training on nurses' job performance, and articles that did not have sufficient evidence (such as conference reports and lectures) were excluded. Out of 12 articles, 7 articles related to the subject were extracted and analyzed.

Most of the studies were done on the effect of positive thinking or positive thinking skills on the topics of happiness, resilience, communication skills, quality of work life, burnout, hardiness, perceived work stress of in the nurses which were associated with positive results in improving each of the mentioned cases in the professional performance of nurses. Discussion and

Positive thinking skills has had an effect on improving and promoting various areas of job performance in nurses. Therefore, it is suggested to the authorities to pay more attention to the different dimensions of nurses' job performance and to improve them by having educational programs based on positive thinking so that they can improve the quality of their services in order to improve the professional performance of nurses.

Mothers with premature babies are more likely to experience anxiety than mothers with full-term babies. The separation of the mother from the baby disrupts physical contact with the baby, which is the most important component affecting attachment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a group positive thinking program on anxiety and attachment in mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted in Kermanshah in 2020. A total of 72 mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Imam Reza and Mohammad Kermanshahi hospitals were randomly assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Postpartum Attachment Scale were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16 using statistical tests (ANOVA and Chi-Square).

There was no significant difference in the state anxiety levels before (p =0.791) and after the intervention (p =0.373) between the control and intervention groups. Likewise, no statistically significant difference was observed in the latent anxiety levels before (p =0.831) and after the intervention (p =0.093) between the two groups but comparing the amount of changes showed a significant difference (p =0.025). Regarding attachment, none of the attachment subscales had a statistically significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (p>0.05). After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the scores of the subscales “lack of hostility" and "satisfaction with the interaction" (p<0.05).

According to the findings of the study, the group positive thinking training is recommended to the nurses and managers of neonatal intensive care units as a complementary program, along with the routine care for mothers of premature infants.

Obesity and being overweight are emerging as important problems worldwide. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based on reducing stress on irrational thoughts and promoting positive thinking in people who want to lose weight.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research method is a semi-experimental pretest-posttest type with a control group and the population studied in this research included all obese women who were referred to nutrition clinics in Ardabil city, using available sampling, all the subjects who Paid attention to Ahvaz irrational beliefs questionnaire and positive thinking scale of Ingram and Visniki (1998) had problems related to irrational beliefs and positive thinking, a sample of 30 people was selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control group (15 people) were divided. The experimental group underwent mindfulness training based on stress reduction during 8 one-hour sessions (one session per week). At the end of the training, the posttest was performed on two groups, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA).

The results showed that mindfulness-based on stress reduction was effective in reducing illogical beliefs (F=142.72 and P< 0.01), and increasing positive thinking (F=9.95 and P<0.01).

Therefore, it can be concluded that practitioners in the field of treatment and education can help to reduce problems, irrational beliefs, and positive thinking in obese people by using mindfulness training based on stress reduction.

Depression as a common mental disorder can seriously damage the academic procedure and psychological state of the students. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training in academic engagement and social happiness of depressed students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in Zahedan, ran, in the academic year 2020-21. Among them, 30 eligible individuals were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 (experimental and control). Both groups answered the Reeve & Tseng (2011) Academic Conflict Questionnaire and Zare & Aminpour (2011) Social Happiness Questionnaire. The experimental group received positive thinking training by Seligman et al. (2005) as a group in eight 90-min sessions over two months. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that positive thinking training led to increased academic engagement (P<0.01, F=26.262) and increased social happiness (P<0.01, F=71.399) in depressed students.

The findings showed that positive thinking skills effectively improved the academic engagement and social happiness of depressed students. Therefore, the results indicate the need to use positive thinking skill training to improve the socio-educational psychological characteristics of depressed students.

Among all institutions and social institutions, the family has the most important, effective, and valuable role, so it is considered the most important and main educational institution of society. For a person, a family is a place that provides various needs, including physical, intellectual, and emotional needs, and being aware of emotional, psychological, and biological needs, as well as knowing how to meet them, as well as reaching and knowing the emotional, biological and It is also undeniably psychic. The wife's or husband's satisfaction from married life is considered as his satisfaction from the family, and satisfaction from the family means satisfaction from life, and as a result, it will be easier in the matter of growth, excellence, and material and spiritual improvement of the society. Considering that most people get married at least once in their lifetime and also considering the frequency of marital problems and issues and the rate of divorce between marriages, examining determinants such as marital infidelity and addiction to cyberspace It can be a great help in preventing and controlling the social damage of emotional divorce as the most common result of marital conflicts. Emotional divorce is a symbol of problems in healthy and correct communication between husband and wife. This communication problem at the family level can create more issues and problems at the community level and disrupt human communication. When the institution of the family slips, the moral and social foundations are formed in a way that causes more separation and division and severing of family ties. Emotional divorce includes men and women who have communication and emotional problems in their lives together; but due to the fact that this is a hidden issue and society members do not want to talk easily about their private lives, few statistics are available. To increase life satisfaction in families, it is possible to use the third wave cognitive-behavioral treatments, among which resilience training can be mentioned. Resilience refers to a person's ability to adapt to stress and traumatic events, efficiently deal with the negative effects of facing risk factors, and also successfully face traumatic experiences. The results of various researches have shown that resilience is very important among learners in areas such as maintaining quality of life, emotional well-being, and behavioral independence. Resilience models are basically used with the purpose of explaining how promotion/facilitating factors work to change the negative effects of risk factors, they include compensatory, challenge-oriented, and care models. The compensatory model refers to a model in which a promotion factor neutralizes the effect of a risk factor. The challenge model shows that exposure to risk must be accompanied by a challenge assessment to lead to an appropriate coping response. In other words, low or high levels of a risk factor are associated with negative effects, and medium levels are associated with less negative effects. In the care model, it is emphasized that resources and funds reduce the effects of a risk factor. Therefore, resilience training can have a great impact on marital satisfaction. Another psychological intervention that has an effect on marital satisfaction is the positive thinking training program. In this training, people are encouraged to identify good and positive experiences, the strengths of their lives and those of others, as well as their potential abilities, and measure their role in increasing and improving self-respect and self-esteem. At the same time, acquired the ability to recognize the positive aspects of others. Cognitive behavioral therapy based on the components of positive thinking has an effect on psychological well-being and adaptation and improvement of social skills. Considering the importance of emotional divorce and marital satisfaction, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy based on the components of positive thinking and marital resilience on the marital satisfaction of women on the verge of emotional divorce.

The research method in this article was semi-experimental. The statistical population was women on the verge of emotional divorce in Bandar Abbas city, which was conducted in two experimental groups of cognitive behavioral therapy based on positive thinking components (15 people), a resilience experimental group (15 people), and a control group. The sampling method in this research was semi-experimental, the experimental groups were trained in 8 therapy sessions, the data were collected through a questionnaire, and the results were analyzed through covariance analysis.

The results of the research showed that cognitive behavioral therapy based on the components of positive thinking and marital resilience affects the marital satisfaction of women on the threshold of emotional divorce.

In general, it can be stated that teaching cognitive-behavioral approaches based on the components of positive thinking and marital resilience to couples can play a fundamental role in the continuity of couples' lives, so it is suggested that families and Couples should pay attention to these approaches. The family is a center where people's behavior changes and transforms based on their mental and emotional approaches. If people have a good family base and the family process is in a good state, people's thinking styles will also improve and they will have a positive attitude. This creates the basis for adjusting people's emotions and increasing positive aspects of people's feelings. The growth of positive emotions in nice people, in turn, increases the quality of people's thinking styles. Teaching positive thinking skills through this mechanism can affect the functioning of the family and the process of family relationships. In this way, positive thinking by creating a positive mental atmosphere in the family improves the process of marital satisfaction in the field of interpersonal relationships. A person's way of thinking has obvious effects on his response to life. People who are positive think failure is a challenge to improve their qualities and gain the ability to succeed next time. In response to disappointment, it allows them to believe in their ability to deal with stressful problems. Resilience training intervention by changing the self-belief or self-efficacy beliefs of the learners causes women to show more mental strength than themselves in academic situations. In other words, resilience training can increase marital satisfaction in women.

Work motivation among nurses may decrease over time, and the risk of quitting their job and shortage of personnel threatens the health system. In this case, strengthening their resilience by using psychological interventions is of great importance.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of positive thinking skills training on the resilience of nurses working in selected military hospitals in Tabriz.

The present study was conducted based on a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of nurses working in selected hospitals of Aja in Tabriz in the second half of 2022. Based on the inclusion criteria, 50 nurses were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, positive thinking training was conducted through group discussion in eight 90-minute sessions of face-to-face training. Demographic characteristics form and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software (version 21) using statistical tests.

There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean scores of the resilience of nurses before the intervention were obtained at 39.28±6.12 and 41.56±9.54 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.32). After the intervention, they reached 60.12±4.66 and 42.60±8.98, demonstrating a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Resilience also improved from the pre-test to the post-test in the intervention group (P<0.001); nonetheless, it was not significant in the control group (P=0.16).

Considering the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training in nurses' resilience, it is suggested that this simple, cheap, and applicable method be used for nurses.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common debilitating disease in adults. It occurs due to the inflammatory process of demyelination of the central nervous system and has a great impact on the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the impact of training positive thinking skills with emphasis on the Quran and Islamic teachings on psychological hardiness, self-compassion and body image dissatisfaction in patients with MS.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and control group design and a follow-up stage. Out of the patients with MS who referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran during 2020, 40 were selected by available sampling method, and were randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. Data were collected using a checklist of demographic information and Multidimentional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire, Short form of the Self-compassion Scale and Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire. In the experimental group, the training of positive thinking skills with emphasis on the Qur'an was performed in 10 sessions (two 1-hour sessions per week). After the training, the groups were retested. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The results showed that the educational intervention of positive thinking combined with Islamic teachings had a positive and significant effect on increasing the psychological hardiness and self-compassion of the experimental group in the post-test stage. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores related to body image on the post-test (P<0.05). This effectiveness was also maintained during the follow-up period.

The results of this study showed that a positive thinking educational intervention combined with Islamic teachings can be effective in improving the psychological status of people with MS, and researchers and therapists can use this approach to improve health-promoting behaviors in MS patients.

 The aim of this study was to predict the self-efficacy and self-esteem of high school girls in Abadeh Tashk based on parents' positive thinking.

 The statistical population in this study included all high school girls in Abadeh Tashk in 2020. also 132 female students were selected as a sample using cluster sampling method, then the sample completed positive thinking, self-esteem and self-efficacy questionnaires. In the analysis process, the data obtained from Pearson correlation test to analyze the relationship between variables and multivariate regression test simultaneously to predict the criterion variable by predictor variables were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.

 The results showed that the positive thinking variable in terms of components (others 'self-assessment and positive future expectations, each positive for each unit increase in standard deviation) were able to make changes (variance) predictive of students' self-esteem variable. Be a girl. Positive thinking variable in terms of components (others 'self-esteem and self-confidence, each positive for each increase in standard deviation) were able to predict the variable of female students' self-efficacy by making changes (variance).

 The findings of the present study revealed that training self-differentiation can be used as an efficient method to decrease aggression and experiential avoidance in the adolescents engaged in divorce wiht externalized divorce through employing techniques such as differentiating rational from irrational beliefs, equipping the members with special communicative skills and shouldering the responsibility.

The coronavirus pandemic has created the most fatal health crisis in humanity in the recent century. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between employees' spirituality and organizational vitality in the outcome of the health carers' work in Hajar hospital, an army hospital in Tehran, during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose was to determine any significant relationships between staff spirituality and organizational vitality.

This descriptive survey study was performed from March 2019 to February 2020. Seventy-one employees were recruited as the sample size using the Morgan table. The characteristic of the components of employees' spirituality were examined by performing Kingerski and Skrypnek questionnaires. All variables of the organizational vitality were determined using Rojelf model and a researcher-made questionnaire which was approved by the relevant experts. To analyze the data for determination the relationship among indicators, the structural equation model was exercised using LISREL software.

Most of the cases were between 21 and 39 years old. The results showed that there were significant relationships between all examined characteristics of the employees' spirituality and organizational vitality.

The results confirmed that there were significant relationships between spiritual desire, spiritual connection, sense of unity, mystical experience and the organizational vitality components including positive thinking, organizational learning, organizational participation, organizational openness, meaningful life, and interest. Accordingly, determining the effects of interactions among those values in their reciprocal promotions are deserved to be seriously studied to achieve an advanced and successful COVID-19 disease management.

Evidence has shown that shy people have a weaker self-concept than normal people, which makes it necessary to provide psychological interventions to this group of people. This study aimed tocompare the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training and acceptance/commitment therapy on the acceptance/commitment of shy girl students.

The statistical population of this experimental research included all female high school students in Tabriz in the academic year 2020-2021, that 45 students who received the diagnosis of shyness in accordance with the cutoff score in the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale were selected by multi-stage cluster and targeted sampling and they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). All three groups completed the Beck (1990) Self- concept Questionnaire and after completing eight sessions of positive thinking skills training (two sessions a week for 4 weeks) and eight sessions of acceptance/commitment therapy (two sessions a week for 4 weeks) in the experimental groups, the mentioned questionnaire was completed in the groups. The results were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.

Both positive thinking skills training and acceptance and commitment therapy have a significant effect on the self-concept of shy female students (p<0.001); while acceptance/commitment therapy to positive thinking skills has a greater effect on increasing self-concept of shy female students (p<0.001).

Due to the superiority of the effectiveness of acceptance/commitment therapy to improving self-concept of shy female students, is recommended the use of this method and the importance of holding training courses on this approach should be informed to students' parents.

Patients with diabetes face a variety of physical and psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, disability, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, which ultimately lead to decreased happiness and quality of life. While in positive thinking training, people are encouraged to recognize their strengths in life and their potential abilities through their positive and good experiences, and to their role in increasing and promoting self-esteem and self-esteem and improvement. They have become more aware of their lives and have considered happiness to be the main subject of positivist psychology. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the Effect of Positive Thinking Skills Training on Self-efficacy and Clinical Tests of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Mahabad, Iran in 2020.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with available sampling method that was performed on 60 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Mahabad who were eligible to participate in the study in 2016. Samples were entered into the study by convenience sampling, and then were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 intervention and control. In the intervention group, positive thinking skills training sessions based on the content extracted from the sources and books of positive psychology as well as consultation with professors and specialists in the field of positive psychology with an eight-session structure of each Two sessions per week and each session was performed in 60-45 minutes. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and perceived self-efficacy questionnaire of patients with type 2 diabetes and were assessed as pre-test and post-test using SPSS-22 software and significance level was less than 0.05. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square.

 The results of independent t-test showed that before the implementation of positive thinking skills training, the mean score of self-efficacy was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups (p = 0.681). But after the implementation of positive thinking skills training, there was a significant difference between the mean score of management self-efficacy between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The results of paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of patientschr('39') self-efficacy before and after the intervention within the control group (p = 0.555). But there was a significant difference between patientschr('39') self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention within the intervention group (p = 0.001). Also, the results of paired t-test showed that before and after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and glycosylated hemoglobin within the intervention and control groups (p <0.05).

 Positive thinking skills training has a positive effect on self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes, so it is recommended to use this method to increase self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the teachings of Islam on the effect of optimism on the strength of life and how to nurture it in couples.

Islam, as the most popular building for the family, has considered good faith as one of its pillars. The purpose of this article is to explain the Islamic teachings on the effect of good faith on the strength of life and how to nurture it in couples, which is collected by the library method and then the data are described and analyzed.

The findings of the study are that: In verses and hadiths, in line with the importance of good faith, on the one hand, the educational and psychological effects of good faith on the family have been explained and on the other hand, the adverse consequences of suspicion have been considered.

To cultivate goodwill in couples on strategies such as good faith in God, trust in the speech and actions of having a spouse, attention to the results of good faith and the effects of suspicion, eliminating negative factors, positive bedrock, controlling negative thinking, replacing positive thoughts, increasing the ability of crisis management and problem solving, etc. has been emphasized.

Currently, despite all the scientific advances that today's human society is undergoing, i.e., rapid and comprehensive changes, especially respecting culture and lifestyle, numerous individuals lack the necessary skills to cope with problems and even manage the routine issues of their lives. Being vulnerable to stressors, they are also prone to various bio psychological disorders. Additionally, components, such as Psychological Wellbeing (PWB), life satisfaction, hope, happiness, optimism, and other positive traits, including essential constructs and indicators of mental health in positive psychology are less experienced. The present study aimed to develop a structural model of PWB based on optimism, and positivity, with Emotion Regulation (ER) mediation.

The present descriptive–correlational study employed structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all postgraduate students (MS & PhD) in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran City, Iran. The total population of the study was 5353 subjects (3732 seniors & 1621 doctoral students). To determine the sample size, 10–15 individuals were required for modeling; based on the available variables, 358 individuals were selected by stratified random sampling technique. Therefore, 358 postgraduate students were selected as the study sample. The sampling was proportional to the number of postgraduate and doctoral students. Initially, the list of undergraduate and postgraduate students was obtained. Then, according to the number of undergraduate students per faculty, 358 subjects were randomly selected. The required data were obtained using the Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Ryff, 1989), the Revised Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1994), the Positive Thinking Questionnaire (Ingram & Wisnicki, 1988), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). This study used descriptive statistics to categorize the demographic characteristics of the study subjects to calculate frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation values. Furthermore, inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected results. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to identify the data normality and Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were also implemented in this research. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS and AMOS at the significance level of 0.05.

The present research results indicated that the total path coefficient (the sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between optimism and PWB was positive and significant (β=0.37, p<0.001); the total path coefficients between positive thinking and PWB were positive and significant (β=0.44, p<0.001). Additionally, the direct path coefficient between ER and PWB was positive and significant (β=0.30, p<0.001); the path coefficients between optimism and PWB (β=0.13, p<0.001), positive thinking and PWB (β=0.29, p<0.001), optimism and ER (β=0.24, p<0.001), as well as positive thinking and ER (β=0.50, p<0.001) were positive and significant. Finally, the indirect pathway coefficient between optimism and PWB with the mediating role of ER was positive and significant (β=0.07, p<0.001). Moreover, the indirect pathway coefficient between positive thinking and PWB with the mediating role of ER was positive and significant (β=0. 15, p<0.001). Goodness of fit indices also supported the optimal fit of the model with the collected data (c2/df =2.67, CFI=0.98, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.068).

Optimism through ER provided a positive and significant indirect effect on PWB in the study subjects. Positive thinking through ER indicated a positive and significant indirect effect on PWB in the study participants.

This study seeks to investigate the educational implications of positive thinking in the teachings of Imam Ali (as) with emphasis on mental health and its validation. The research method was a hybrid design that was performed in qualitative phases of content analysis with deductive categorization system and in the quantitative phase validation of Lavche agreement coefficient. The field of research in the qualitative section included all texts related to the teachings of Imam Ali (as) using a purposeful approach and in the quantitative section was 11 professors and academic experts. In the analysis of qualitative data, the coding method was used. A total of 179 correlated codes were categorized in 4 axes: theism, equanimity, rationalism and theology with emphasis on mental health. The item and 4 axes were validated through the agreed coefficient of Lavche and were approved at the level of 0.59. Findings in 179 concept codes were selected by selective coding method in 4 axes of theism, religiosity, resurrection and rationalism with emphasis on mental health, the most significant of which are: prayer and supplication to God, abandoning idolatry, maintaining unity, moderation and Moderation, mercy, suppressing anger, humility and modesty, patience, direct confrontation with stressful factors, using ears, eyes and heart to know God, gratitude, benevolence, thinking about the future, good suspicion and foresight.