نوجوانان

ORA-AID adhesive is recognized as an effective dressing for dental sockets in adults, yet its effectiveness in adolescents has not been explored. This study compared ORA-AID with conventional dressings in the patients younger than 18.

A double-blind clinical trial was conducted involving 29 patients. On one side, a tooth was extracted and dressed using a standard method. After two weeks, the tooth on the other opposite side was extracted, and the ORA-AID adhesive was utilized. Patients reported their pain levels using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 5, 12, 24, and 48 hours following the extraction. Repeated Measures ANOVA was employed for comparisons between the two methods.

Pain was significantly lower with ORA-AID, except for the first 5 hours (p=0.669), and remained and remained so for up to 48 hours after extraction (all p<0.001). Increased pain levels were observed in older patients (24 and 48 hours) as well as in individuals with greater dental plaque (5 and 12 hours). The highest decrease in pain with ORA-AID in comparison to conventional dressing was observed at 24 hours after extraction.

ORA-AID significantly reduces post-extraction pain when compared to conventional dressings, except for the initial 5 hours. Therefore, ORA-AID may reserve as an appropriate alternative for routine dental dressings in adolescents.

Structured educational programs focused on diabetes self-management can lead to significant improvements in blood sugar control and other diabetes-related outcomes. Diabetes camps provide unique educational experiences for individuals with diabetes. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of diabetes camps on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in children with type 1 diabetes.

Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched to find intervention studies that investigated the effect of camp on HbA1C in children with type 1 diabetes. Among the selected studies, the participants’ knowledge and any changes in insulin dosage were also investigated. The random effects model was employed to calculate overall effects, and subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneities among the studies.

A total of 11 clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. The study results indicated a significant reduction in HbA1c levels [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.904 to -0.144, mean difference: -0.524, P: 0.007]. Additionally, the intervention did not have a significant effect on the insulin dosage required by the patients (mean difference: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.04). However, it did significantly enhance patients' knowledge and awareness (mean difference: 16.95, 95% CI: 4.95-28.94).

The camp can be beneficial for improving blood sugar levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes while also enhancing their knowledge.

Obesity is a significant public health concern, with a rapidly increasing prevalence among adolescents. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of community-based obesity prevention interventions on body image satisfaction in this age group.

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) for relevant studies published between January 2015 and July 2024. Inclusion criteria targeted community-based interventions aimed at obesity prevention in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Two reviewers independently extracted and assessed data, focusing on study design, participant characteristics, intervention components, and outcomes related to body image satisfaction.

Six eligible studies involving 4,568 adolescents from countries including Spain, South Korea, Brazil (two studies), Saudi Arabia, and France were included. The studies showed varying degrees of success in enhancing body image satisfaction. While some reported significant improvements post-intervention, two studies involving Brazilian adolescent girls did not demonstrate statistically significant changes.

Community-based obesity prevention interventions can positively influence body image, a key mental health aspect. Gender and socio-cultural factors must be considered in the design of these interventions.

Cognitive flexibility and attachment styles are among the predictors of Internet addiction in adolescents. The present study aimed to predict Internet addiction based on attachment styles with the mediation of cognitive flexibility in adolescents in Karaj City.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the present study included all second-high school adolescents of government and non-government schools in Karaj city in the academic year 2022-2023, of which 200 were selected by connivance sampling. Research instruments were demographic questionnaire, "Internet Addiction Test"; "Adolescent Attachment Style Questionnaire" and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method, and reliability was measured using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. 26 and Amos. 26.

Internet addiction is predicted based on secure attachment (β=-0.502, P<0.001), anxious attachment (β=0.483, P<0.001), avoidant attachment (β=0.374, P<0.001), and cognitive flexibility (β=-0.456, P<0.001). Secure attachment (β=-0.172, P<0.001), anxious attachment (β=0.110, P<0.001), and avoidant attachment (β=0.144, P<0.001 through the mediation of cognitive flexibility predict Internet addiction.

The attachment styles predict internet addiction in adolescents through the mediation of cognitive flexibility. Therefore, it is suggested that child and adolescent counselors and psychologists focus on mental flexibility and attachment styles in the treatment of Internet addiction.

Adolescence is one of the most important periods of development, which may be associated with issues and problems, so it is necessary to take necessary precautions by performing timely interventions. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on behavioral problems.

This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all male students of senior high schools in Bostanabad City in 2021-2022. Among them, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental and one control groups. The first experimental group received schema therapy and the second experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based therapy as a group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool used was the Behavioral Problem Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment intervention on the three components of conduct disorder, attention problems, anxiety, and withdrawal was significantly higher than the schema therapy intervention (p<0.05).

The present research indicated that the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on behavioral problems is more than schema therapy, and this treatment approach can be used in order to reduce the behavioral problems of adolescents.

Islam, as the most comprehensive school of life, presents the most holistic and aesthetically pleasing lifestyle. The Islamic lifestyle serves as a moderating force characterized by a divine worldview and values centered on well-being. The present study aims to investigate the moderating role of the Islamic lifestyle in the relationship between impulsivity and substance use tendencies among adolescents.
This research is applied in nature and employs a correlational methodology alongside structural equation modeling. The statistical population consists of all male high school students in Malayer County during the academic year 2022-2023, from which 350 participants were selected using a cluster random sampling method. Data collection was conducted using Baratt's Impulsivity Scale, a substance use tendency questionnaire, and Kaviani's Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software LISREL 21 and structural equation modeling techniques.
The impact of the Islamic lifestyle on substance use tendencies is significant (β = -0.56, p < 0.01). Consequently, both lifestyle and religious beliefs play a moderating role in the relationship between impulsivity and substance misuse tendencies among students, leading to a reduction in the severity of impulsivity and substance use tendencies. The analysis of variable relationships through direct coefficients indicates that the effect of impulsivity on the Islamic lifestyle is negative and significant (β = -0.43, p < 0.01), while its effect on substance use tendencies is positive and significant (β = 0.35, p < 0.01).
Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that school counselors and parents enhance and promote the Islamic lifestyle among students—who are the future builders of society—to mitigate impulsivity and reduce tendencies toward substance abuse, thereby facilitating the advancement and development of adolescents.

In today's society, mental disorders, especially depression, have become highly prevalent among adolescents. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the hope for life and severity of depression in adolescents suffering from depression in Yazd.

This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 using a pre-test post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up in Yazd. The study population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in Yazd County. Using a convenience sampling method, 45 depressed 14-year-old girls were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 (metacognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and control group). After administering the pre-test using the Mariaquas Depression Questionnaire and Miller's Hope Scale, post-tests were conducted for all three groups after 8 sessions (90 minutes each). For data analysis, means and standard deviations were used for descriptive statistics, and analysis of covariance was employed for inferential statistics. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p < 0.05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p>0/05).

The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p<0/05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p<0/05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p>0/05).

Alcohol and drug use in adolescents causes psychological problems and changes in the brain. Emotional self-control includes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes that an individual can use to control their emotions; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the tendency to use drugs based on sensory processing sensitivity and cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of emotional self-control in adolescents.

The method of this descriptive study was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was students studying in junior and senior high schools in the academic year 2023-2024, from which 207 students participated in the study through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using Farjad’s Consumption Propensity Questionnaire (2006), Aron and Aron’s Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (1977), Dennis’ Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010), and Tanji’s Emotional Self-Control Questionnaire (2004). The data were analyzed using structural modeling.

There is a positive and significant correlation between the tendency to use substances and sensory processing sensitivity (p<0.01; r=0.39) at the 99% level, and a negative and significant correlation between cognitive flexibility (p<0.01; r=-0.35) and emotional self-control (p<0.01; r=-0.38) at the 99% level. In addition to the direct effect, sensory processing sensitivity and cognitive flexibility also indirectly affect the tendency to use substances through emotional self-control.

The results of the present study showed that emotional self-control, high cognitive flexibility, and low sensory sensitivity reduce the tendency to use drugs. It seems that adolescents need to become aware of their feelings and thoughts. Therefore, cognitive and mindfulness exercises are useful.

In recent years, the use of cannabis among teenagers has been on the rise, being considered one of the health-social challenges of the country. The present study aimed at providing a better understanding of the causes of teenagers’ tendency to use cannabis by looking at the life experiences of those who consume it.

This qualitative study utilized a descriptive phenomenological method, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 11 teenagers aged 17-20 years old who used cannabis at least once a week in Mashhad city (Iran) in 2022. Participants were selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data collection continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage, and the collected data were analyzed by the coding method.

The analysis of the participants’ experiences led to the identification of 136 primary codes, 30 sub-categories, 11 main categories, and 2 core categories. The core categories included intrapersonal components and interpersonal-extrapersonal components in relation to teenagers’ tendency to use cannabis. Main categories included cognitive distortion regarding the effects of cannabis, low mood frustration, lack of a specific work plan, having an unstable personality, unawareness of the harmful nature of cannabis, usage to cope with emotional problems, usage to cope with parental conflicts, peer influence on usage, justification of usage by modeling after prominent figures, and accessibility (easy access) leading to increased usage.

Exploring the experiences and views of adolescents who consume cannabis in intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal domains provided more knowledge about different indicators of cannabis consumption among teenagers. Considering the obtained components can serve as a helpful first step in developing efficient intervention measures according to the identified needs.

Adolescents need to use various cognitive and emotion regulation strategies in order to face stressful situations and identifying effective therapeutic and educational interventions in this field can increase their performance and cognitive flexibility. The purpose of the present study was to Compare the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy and cognitive-behavioral game therapy on the emotional creativity of teenage girls in Amol City.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up period. The statistical population of the research is made up of all the female students of the first and seventh grades of the public schools of Amel City in the academic year of 2023. A number of 45 people were selected based on available sampling according to the criteria for entering the research and they were randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group, 15 people each. April's emotional creativity questionnaire (1991) was used to collect data. Summary of mindfulness training sessions taken from Kabat-Zinn (2003) in 8 60-minute sessions and summary of cognitive-behavioral game therapy sessions taken from Springer et al. (2012) in 10 30-minute sessions on experimental groups. And there was no intervention for the control group. To analyze the data, repeated measurement variance analysis was used in SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that mindfulness therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy have an effect on the emotional creativity of female first-secondary school students in Amel City (P≤0.01). However cognitive-behavioral game therapy is more effective than mindfulness training on emotional creativity (P≤0.01).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness treatments and cognitive-behavioral play therapy can be effective on the emotional creativity of adolescents due to the emphasis of both on the aspects of emotional management and control of adolescents.

self-injury or self-poisoning among adolescents, irrespective of the reasons behind it, is viewed as self-harm. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on impulsivity and resilience in adolescents demonstrating self-harm behaviors in Iranshahr City. Being aware of self-harming actions during adolescence can aid in avoiding enduring or irreversible effects related to them.

This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test framework alongside a control group. The statistical population comprised secondary school students in the second term in Iranshahr city in 2024. Thirty students were chosen non-randomly and subsequently assigned at random to intervention and control groups (15 students per group). The intervention group underwent acceptance and commitment therapy, administered in 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes each, in accordance with Hayes et al.'s protocol. The questionnaires utilized in this research comprised Klonsky and Glenn's (2003) Self-Injurious Behaviors Questionnaire, Barrett's Impulsivity Scale (2004), and Connor and Davidson's (2003) Resilience Questionnaire. The analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS26 software and a multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The findings from the covariance analysis of the data indicated that the acceptance and commitment group therapy intervention diminished impulsivity (F=5.49, P≤.002) and enhanced resilience (F=95.0089, P≤.001) in adolescents when compared to the control group.

The findings suggest that acceptance and commitment therapy effectively reduced impulsivity and enhanced resilience in adolescents who exhibit self-harm behaviors, thus recommending this method for students engaging in self-harm.

Online gaming addiction has a negative effect on the physical and mental health of teenagers. The symptoms of online game addiction can be seen in school-age teenagers. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between childhood psychological maltreatment and online game addiction with the mediating role of acceptance and action.

The research method is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all male and female students (teenagers) of the first year of secondary education in Bastak Hormozgan city, who were studying in the academic year of 1400-1401, and 350 people were selected as a sample using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, "Online Game Addiction Scale", " Psychological Maltreatment Inventory" and "Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II". Content validity of instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed with SPSS. 20 and AMOS .20 software.

Emotional unresponsiveness, rejection/intimidation, unethical/not being honest, high expectations/inflexibility, isolation from the components of “Assisted Maltreatment Inventory” respectively with coefficient values of 0.48, 0.41, 0.28, 0.31 and 0.35 They have a significant positive correlation directly with addiction to online games (P < 0.001). Also, emotional unresponsiveness, rejection/intimidation, high expectations/inflexibility, and isolation from the components of “Assisted Maltreatment Inventory” respectively, with coefficient values of 0.16, 0.19, 0.11, and 0.23 with the mediation of acceptance and action as Indirectly, they have a significant positive correlation with addiction to online games (P<0.001).

Childhood psychological maltreatment directly and indirectly with the mediation of acceptance and action have a significant correlation with online game addiction. Therefore, in order to reduce the online games addiction, it is suggested to the education officials to implement training courses on the correct communication methods of parents with their children, and training courses on optimal cognitive strategies during stressful events for students.

Adolescence, as an important growth period and accompanied by all-round changes, can be associated with many problems. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of developing "Education Based on Psychological Empowerment" and its effectiveness on academic hope and acceptance and action of adolescents.

The current research consists of 2 parts in terms of method. The first part was to design the educational intervention and the second part was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with the control group. The statistical population of the present study included all the male students of the first secondary level in the first district of Ahvaz city in the academic year of 2023-2024. Among them, 40 people were selected by the convenience non-random sampling method and were replaced by a simple random method using lottery in the intervention group (20 people) and the control group (20 people). The research tools included demographic questionnaire, "Academic Hope Scale" and "Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II". The content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha. After conducting 10 sessions of "Education Based on Psychological Empowerment" for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS .23.

The findings showed a significant difference between the performance of the intervention and control groups in the score academic hope and acceptance and action in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.001).

"Education Based on Psychological Empowerment" is an effective training to increase the academic hope and acceptance and action of adolescents. Therefore, the implementation of such education sessions for adolescents is recommended by education officials, counseling centers and managers of all organizations related to adolescents.

Despite advancements in scientific research and improvements in medical treatments, individuals with chronic conditions such as type 1 diabetes are living longer than ever before. However, they face significant challenges related to mental health and adaptation. This study aimed to predict health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on health anxiety, diabetes self-management, and emotional self-awareness, with emotion regulation as a mediating variable among adolescents with type I diabetes.

This descriptive-correlational study included 250 adolescents diagnosed with type I diabetes from Isfahan province, selected through convenience sampling based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992), the Health Anxiety Questionnaire (Salkovskis & Warwick, 2002), the Diabetes Self-Management Scale (Schmitt et al., 2013), the Emotional Awareness Questionnaire (Grant et al., 2002), and the Emotion Regulation Scale (Garnefski et al., 2001). The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and AMOS 21 software at both descriptive and inferential levels.

The findings indicated that health anxiety, diabetes self-management, and emotional self-awareness were significantly correlated with emotion regulation, collectively explaining 29% of the variance in this construct. Furthermore, emotion regulation and emotional self-awareness were significantly associated with HRQoL, together accounting for 49% of the variance in this outcome.

The results suggest that improving emotion regulation through interventions targeting health anxiety, diabetes self-management, and emotional self-awareness may enhance HRQoL in adolescents with type I diabetes. This, in turn, could promote better mental health and help mitigate the complications associated with type I diabetes.

 With the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries in the world implemented necessary quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus. Research shows that quarantine measures can affect mental health; therefore, it is important to identify the psychological characteristics that make people more vulnerable. One of the factors that may increase the occurrence of psychological disorders in adolescents under these conditions is alexithymia. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating alexithymia and its components in adolescents with and without pets during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The current study employs a descriptive and post-event comparative method, and the statistical population encompasses both adolescents with and without pets. The available sampling method selected 120 people, 60 of whom had pets and 60 of whom did not. The tools of this research were a demographic questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by SPSS version 26 at the level of significance less than 0.05.

The results indicated a significant difference in alexithymia between adolescents with and without a pet (t=2.441, P=0.016), with adolescents with a pet exhibiting a higher average of alexithymia compared to those without a pet. In addition, there is a difference between the component of objective thinking in adolescents with and without a pet (F=7.608, P=0.007). This means that the component of objective thinking in female adolescents who have a pet is higher than in male adolescents (F=7.622, P=0.008).

The psychological construct of alexithymia significantly differs between adolescents with and without pets during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, adolescent girls struggle with objective thinking, tend to focus on concrete events under stress, tend to care for pets more frequently, and struggle with communication skills.

 Adolescent depressive disorder is one of the most common types of mood disorders that is associated with high comorbidity of mental illnesses, quality of life, high risk of suicide, and high social costs.  Adolescent depressive disorder is one of the most common types of mood disorders that is associated with high comorbidity of mental illnesses, quality of life, high risk of suicide, and high social costs.  

This study aimed to investigate the structural model of cognitive control and psychological inflexibility with adolescent depression with the mediating role of mentalized affectivity. This research was fundamental in purpose and a descriptive-correlational study of the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in Tehran who are st

The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological inflexibility and depression (P<0.05). Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between cognitive control and mentalized affectivity with depression (P<0.05). The findings indicate that the proposed model fits the data appropriately. The results of structural equation modeling showed that in the model, 45% of the variance of metalized affectivity is explained by psychological inflexibility and cognitive control. Also, 59% of the variance of depression is explained by psychological inflexibility, cognitive control, and mentalized affectivity.

According to these findings, it is suggested that therapists consider cognitive control training and metallization affectivity to reduce the symptoms of depression in adolescents

 Being overweight in adolescence is an influential factor that determines obesity and overweight in adulthood, and there is a direct relationship between obesity in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its related factors in male and female secondary school students of Bojnord City.

This descriptive study was conducted on 744 male and female secondary school students of Bojnord City by cluster sampling. The weight and height of the samples were measured, and their body mass index was calculated using standard guidelines. Other information was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and a physical activity questionnaire for each of the examined samples, and the data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Chi-square statistical tests.

The results of this study showed that the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher among girls (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among boys (P = 0.013). Also, there was no significant difference between the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls (P = 0.085).

Considering the results of the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in Bojnord students and the lack of awareness among students about complications related to obesity and overweight, the implementation of intervention programs to prevent High-risk behaviors of obesity and overweight in students seems necessary.

In recent years, the prevalence of mental and psychological problems among young people and adolescents has increased significantly. One of the most common problems of teenagers during corona disease is stress and anxiety. One of the most important psychological effects is anxiety disorders and cognitive avoidance. Cognitive avoidance refers to getting rid of a person, action, or object, which temporarily reduces anxiety in a person. However, in the long term, it increases the anxiety. Cognitive avoidance is a coping strategy that expresses a person's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional efforts to manage a specific internal and external situation, prevents people from effectively responding to emotional stimuli, and weakens them in managing their emotions. Therefore, it is not recognized as a strategic and efficient factor. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on coronavirus anxiety and cognitive avoidance in teenagers with coronavirus anxiety.

The current research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The study population comprised all teenagers with coronavirus anxiety living in Yazd City, Iran, in April and May 2021. Of them, 30 qualified volunteers were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The inclusion criteria included their cooperation, written consent of the parents, and not undergoing other special treatments such as drug therapy. The research tools included the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour et al., 2020) and the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (ACQ) (Sexton & Dugas, 2008). The cognitive rehabilitation program was implemented in the form of computer games for eight 45–minute sessions three times a week for the experimental group. Data analysis was done using the analysis of covariance in SPSS version 22 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed a significant difference between the subjects of the experimental group and the control group in terms of the variable of corona anxiety in the posttest (p=0.028). Also, the results regarding the variable of cognitive avoidance showed a significant difference in the posttest between the experimental group and the control group (p=0.023).

According to the results of this research about the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in reducing corona anxiety and cognitive avoidance, this treatment method is recommended to experts in this field.

Today, adolescents face many mood and anxiety symptoms, and one of the possible effective methods in this field is mindfulness training. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on mood and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with addiction to online games.

The present research was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was 9th and 10th-grade male students addicted to online games in one district of Ahvaz city in the 2021-2022 academic years. The research sample for each group was calculated to be 15 people, and these numbers were selected by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and by simple random method with the help of a lottery assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of 90 minutes of mindfulness training, and during this time, the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the demographic information form, online game questionnaire and mood and anxiety symptoms questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding demographic variables of age and educational grade (P>0.05). Also, the mindfulness training method significantly reduced general distress and anxious arousal and significantly increased anhedonia in adolescents with addiction to online games (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, to reduce mood and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with addiction to online games, mindfulness training, along with other effective training methods.

Divorce is not just a single event, but is a long process in which all family members, including children, suffer from a loss and failure, which can lead to intergenerational transmission of instability in the marital life. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the lived experiences of teenagers with their parents' divorce experience in Yazd City.

The present study was a phenomenological study of lived experiences of twelve teenage participants of Yazd City in 2023 who experienced parental divorce. Data have been extracted and collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's method.

The findings of this research showed that Iranian teenagers experience problems in different fields after their parents' divorce that can be classified in seven categories including cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/coping, psychological/emotional, family, social and contextual challenges. According to the findings, the continuation of post-traumatic growth in adolescents with parental divorce requires the formulation of multilateral interventions centered on the identified themes.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that divorce has many negative consequences such as cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/confrontational, psychological/emotional, family, social, and contextual challenges for family. Teenagers may suffer more emotional and psychological trauma due to being in critical situations.