ورزش مغزی

Considering the numerous consequences of behavioral problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the present study aims to compare the effects of Brain Gym (BG) and Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on behavioral disorders in children with ASD in Kashan and Arak in 2020.

In this clinical trial, 36 eligible children were randomly selected and assigned to two intervention groups by block randomization. According to Dennison and Landreth-Bratton guidelines, BG and CPRT interventions were implemented in ten sessions. The demographic, Rutter, and Raven questionnaires were completed. Behavioral disorders were assessed by stereotyped behaviors, communication, and social interactions subscales of Gars-2 at the beginning, end of the intervention, and two months later. The data of 28 children (BG and CPRT, 15 and 13, respectively) were analyzed based on per-protocol and intention-to-treat designs by chi-square, Fisher, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

There was no significant difference between the two groups' demographic variables. Both analyses showed the non-significance of the interaction effect of time and intervention, the non-significance of the group effect, and the significance of the time effect (p<0.0001) on the behavioral disorder scores. At the end of the intervention and two months later, there was no significant difference in the behavioral disorder scores between the two groups.

Each of the BG and CPRT interventions, with a slight difference in effectiveness, alone can reduce behavioral disorders in ASD. Therefore, depending on the available conditions and facilities, at least one of the mentioned interventions is suggested to reduce behavioral disorders in children with ASD.

Aging causes physical and cognitive impairment, which in turn, interfere with the aged people’s health. As a common complication in the elderly, cognitive impairment has attracted the attention of many specialists. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a period of brain gym exercises on the balance and inhibitory control in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. This was a quasiexperimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the elderly with mild cognitive impairment living in Urmia, Iran in 2020. The sample included 30 elderly with mild cognitive impairment, aged from 60 to 80 years (77.69±1.98), selected using convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two groups of experimental and control with 15 members each. To evaluate the balance and inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test, participants were instructed to perform the Mathias et al.’s Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Hoffman’s Go/No Go test. The experimental group were asked to perform three 30-minute sessions of Dennison and Dennison’s brain gym exercises a week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24. The results indicated that after controlling of the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of Timed Up and Go and inhibitory control (P=0.001). Based on the findings of the current study, due to the ease of implementation of brain gym exercises, they can be used by sports and rehabilitation Coaches in order to improve the balance and inhibitory control of the elderly with cognitive impairment.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as one of the most ‎prevalent childhood disorders, which can have negative impacts on all aspects ‎of personal life, has always been a hotspot for mental health professionals. ‎Because of complications and negative consequences of this disorder, which ‎include aggression, object-manipulation, high-risk behaviors, poor school ‎performance, and academic failure, psychologists, psychotherapists, and ‎educational experts have tried to address and treat this disorder by various ‎methods. These children hardly can sit around; instead, they are fidgety and ‎continuously in motion, and especially in a classroom setting, which requires sitting ‎quietly for an extended period paying attention to classroom topics, they are in ‎serious trouble. In the long run, they are exposed to continuous misconception ‎and abuse, especially in their house by their parent. So, improvements in ‎the parent-child relationship can decrease interpersonal issues, which, in turn, ‎results into a correction in parents’ characters/behavior style regarding their ‎children, while improving problematic behaviors of these children too. Current ‎research, therefore, targeted the effectiveness of Brain Gym and Child-parent ‎Relationship therapy programs on the symptoms of this disorder.‎ This research was a control group pretest-posttest ‎design, a type of quasi-experimental research design. The statistical population ‎included all the children who have ADHD who attended consultation ‎centers in the city of Gorgan. Of those qualified children aged 7-10, which had ‎no other physical or mental disorder, having at least one literate parent ‎voluntarily participating in the research, we selected 30 children, with their ‎parents, randomly clustered into 3 groups; 10 children in Brain Gym group, 10 ‎children in Child-parent Relationship therapy group, and 10 children in the ‎control group. Before the intervention, we pretested these groups using the ‎Conners’ Parent’s Questionnaire. Then, the Brain Gym test group participated in ‎an educational program consisting of 8 sixty-minute sessions comprising 26 ‎Brain Gyms. In the Child-parent Relationship therapy ‎group, parents ‎participated in 10 ninety-minute sessions of Child-parent Relationship therapy ‎in which they took assignments, their performances evaluated, and proper ‎feedback and recovery training given to them; no training program ‎implemented in the control group. After finishing the therapy methods, the three ‎groups underwent the posttest, and after two months, all these groups were ‎followed up to evaluate the sustainability of the therapeutic effects. For the sake of ‎follow-up, and to deduce and understand the association of descriptive ‎statistics variables, including frequency, percentage frequency, mean, standard ‎deviation, standard error, we utilized repeated measures design — the analysis ‎performed by SPSS software (version 24).‎ The results suggest that both therapy methods were effective in ‎decreasing ADHD symptoms (p<0.001), however, the significance of Brain Gym ‎results were higher than that of Child-parent Relationship therapy (p<0.001). ‎These findings indicate that those methods meaningfully decreased the ‎symptoms of ADHD children comparing to the control group. Additionally, the ‎results suggest that the significant difference between the test group and the ‎control group, about ADHD symptoms of these students, were ‎sustainable after two months of follow-up.‎ Based on the results of this research, Brain Gym and Child-parent ‎Relationship therapy training program can improve ADHD symptoms, so we ‎suggest that to enhance ADHD children’s condition, such training methods to be ‎implemented in various educational/therapy centers as well as in the house by ‎their parents, as a complementary therapy for these children. We suggest that ‎tailored, coherent training programs be made for parents and teachers to handle these children strategically; we also recommend that, during training ‎sessions, the fathers’ potentials to be utilized more than before, while studying ‎more about the effectiveness of their role.‎

Falling down or even collapse is one of the most serious, as well as prevalent, difficulties people in their elderly face. Falling is related to decline in activities in basic life and also to those which are instrumental in daily life. Falling and the subsequent injuries are determinant factors of performance decline in elderly denizens of the society. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of brain gym exercises on static and dynamic balance of those in elderly who do not have any regular physical activity. The following papers are an empirical study in which the sampling was the available ilk. For this purpose, 30 people in their elderly were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The empirical group performed brain gym exercises, which have been exclusively designed to improve body balance, in 8 sessions of 30 minutes. Stork and timed stand-up-and-down tests were utilized in order to measure static and dynamic balance of participants in both pre- and post-tests respectively. Moreover, Covariance test was used to analyze the data. Concludingly, it was demonstrated that by controlling the pre-test scores, there is a significant difference between static and dynamic balance of the control and empirical group. The findings of this study are indicative of the brain gym exercise influence on motor factors associated with falling and, concomitantly, on those with possible prevention of falling in the elderly.