ویژگی های شخصیتی

Emergency department (ED) nurses are exposed to cognitive failures, which refers to impaired perception, memory and motor function. Their personality traits seem to have a role in the occurrence of these failures. This study aims to determine the relationship between cognitive failure and personality traits of ED nurses in Urmia, Iran.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 165 nurses working in the EDs of hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences from February to May 2021. Data were collected using the cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ) and the NEO five-factor personality inventory. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) were used to describe variables. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22. The significant level was set at 0.05

The mean total score of CFQ was 1.56±0.78. Regarding the dimensions of CFQ, the highest mean score was for the distractibility dimension (1.66±0.77), while the lowest mean score was for the dimension of false triggering (1.42±0.93). Regarding personality traits, the highest mean score was for conscientiousness (29.98±6.74), while the lowest mean score was for neuroticism (21.21±6.56). We found a significant and negative correlation between cognitive failure (and its dimensions) and all personality traits (P<0.001). Furthermore, we identified a significant relationship between nurses’ cognitive failures and the use of sedatives (P=0.001), work shift (P<0.001), and satisfaction with salary (P=0.041). 

The cognitive failure level of ED nurses in Urmia is moderate. There is a significant relationship between their cognitive failure and personality traits. The nurses with high conscientiousness have fewer occupational cognitive failures. In contrast, those with high neuroticism have more occupational cognitive failures.

 Rehabilitation centers need to evaluate the quality of their services through evaluation of responsiveness. Considering the impact of personality characteristics on the dimensions of people’s lives, this study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the responsiveness status of rehabilitation centers with demographic factors and personality characteristics of their clients in Ahvaz.

This cross sectional study conducted on 384 people who received rehabilitation services in Ahvaz. The participants filled the world health organization responsiveness questionnaire, Eysenck personality questionnaire and demographic information questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.

 The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 36.17 ± 9.40 years. The score difference in the subscale of respect for people's rights among different types of centers was not statistically significant (p>0.05), but it was significant in the client subscale (p<0.05). The educational status and the type of centers had a significant relationship with both subscales of responsiveness (p<0.05). The personality variables of psychoticism and lying had a significant relationship with the subscale of respect for people's rights (P<0.05).

Considering the better responsiveness of private centers compared to public and non-governmental public centers, it is necessary to improve the responsiveness of these centers. The relationship of some personality traits and educational status with responsiveness shows that the managers of rehabilitation centers should pay attention in dealing with clients with higher education and psychoticism personality trait.

Personality traits are the basis of stable patterns and emotional and behavioral functioning that affect the risk of contracting chronic diseases and people's ways of understanding health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personality traits between cardiovascular patients and the individuals with a history of drug abuse.

The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study on 301 individuals (115 control group, 86 cardiovascular patients and 100 individuals with a history of drug addiction) in the form of convenience and available sampling in Karaj City in 2023. The data were collected using the ZKA personality questionnaire. After collecting the data, they were entered into SPSS version16 software. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis.

In the present study, the mean and standard deviation of the total age of the participants was 41.37±14.76. The participation consisted of 179 (59.4%) men and 122 (39.6%) women. In SS1, EX2, AC4, AG2, NE4, SS4, and EX3 aspects, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups of cardiovascular and the control. In the aspects of AC4, AG2, NE4, EX2, NE2, SS4 and NE and SS factors, a significant difference was observed between the individuals with a history of addiction and the control group.

Considering the relationship between personality traits and heart diseases and substance abuse, it is recommended that the results of this study be considered for prevention and appropriate intervention by doctors and health professionals, and these results can also be used to develop treatment programs.

Most of the children involved with mental health problems come from broken families. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to predict the psychological well-being of divorced children based on Components of parenting with the mediation of the guardian's personality traits.

The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population includes primary school students (second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades) of Qom province in the academic year of 2022-2023 whose parents were separated. The sample group included 200 students (100 girls, 100 boys). The samples were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Divorced children participating in the study completed the "Psychological Well-Being Scale (Children's form)" and the "Alabama Parenting Questionnaire". As well as the "NEO Five-Factor Inventory" by the guardian parent of each child was answered. The validity of the instruments was measured using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using the structural equation model method using SPSS v. 26 and Lisrel 8.8.

Based on the fit indices, the proposed model has a good fit (x2/df =1.64, 2.64, CFI=0.97, NFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.056). Also, the results showed the components of parenting with psychological well-being. Divorced children have a direct, positive and significant correlation (P<0.01). Also, the personality traits of the guardian parent between the components of parenting and the psychological well-being of divorced children have a positive and significant mediating role (P<0.01).

Components of parenting increases the psychological well-being of divorced children directly and indirectly through the personality traits of the guardian parent. Therefore, it is suggested that educational authorities hold workshops and training programs to teach the parenting, sometimes raise parents and try to improve the psychological well-being of students.

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between the pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders in men with substance use disorders (SUDs).

This is a correlational cross-sectional study using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all men with a history of SUDs who were undergoing outpatient treatment in addiction treatment centers in Sanandaj, Iran, of whom 349 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The instruments were the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), the externalizing spectrum inventory (ESI), and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS). Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 and AMOS version 24.

The results showed that the PID-5 pathological personality traits of antagonism (β=0.593, P=0.001), detachment (β=0.513, P=0.001), disinhibition (β=0.616, P=0.001), negative affectivity (β=0.565, P=0.001), and psychoticism (β=0.541, P=0.001) had significant and positive correlations with the ESI score. Furthermore, the bootstrap test results showed that the BIS dimensions of cognitive, motor and non-planning impulsivity significantly mediated the relationship between five pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders (P<0.05).

Given the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders in men with SUDs, more attention should be paid to these constructs for prevention and treatment of SUDs.

The spiritual dimension of human life is one of the effective constructs in psychological health and wellbeing, which has received attention in recent years. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict spiritual wellbeing and spiritual capital based on personality traits, awareness, and tendency to consume halal food in the students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study included all the students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2023-2024, of whom 300 were selected using the purposive sampling method. To collect the data, questionnaires on awareness and tendency to consume halal food, a short form of the spiritual well-being and capital questionnaire, and the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis on the SPSS version 26 software. All ethical considerations were observed in this study, and the authors of the article declared no conflict of interest.

The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that after entering the predictor variables, finally, subjective norm, awareness, openness to experience, and neuroticism could explain 22.0% of the variance in spiritual capital in four steps. Also, the prediction of spiritual wellbeing indicates that physical wellbeing, attitude towards halal food, neuroticism, and openness to experience were the strongest remaining predictors in the model, predicting 34.0% of the variance in spiritual well-being.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be stated that awareness and attitude towards consuming halal food, along with personality traits, are recognized as essential factors that can be considered in relation to the spiritual life (spiritual capital and wellbeing) of students.

  Better and higher adaptation of students to the college environment can have a significant impact on the academic performance of individuals and ultimately their academic progress. The purpose of this research is to investigate the personality traits that affect the academic adjustment of dental students in Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022.

This descriptive research was conducted on randomly selected students. Two questionnaires were used: 1: Anderson academic adjustment 2: HEXACO 6-factor model. The questionnaires also contained demographic information such as (age, sex, year of education, marital status). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate the relationship between academic adjustment and subgroups of personality traits, and the role of variable factors was determined by regression analysis. All calculations were done using SPSS software version 26.

The average academic adjustment score among 250 participating students was 34.3 ± 2.582. The average score of honesty-humility, excitability, extroversion, pleasantness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness personality traits were obtained as 11.97, 10.19, 13.49, 10.40, 13.55, and 13.85 respectively. There was a positive and significant relationship between personality subgroups, extroversion and conscientiousness with compatibility, and between personality subgroups, excitability and agreeableness, there was an inverse and significant relationship with compatibility (p<0.05).

 It seems, status of academic adjustment for dental students of Tehran Islamic  Azad University was suitable Extraverted and dutiful had more academic adjustment and excited and negotiable ones had less adjustments.

Personality traits and career path adaptability play a key role in nurses' job performance. The aim of the present study was the role of personality traits in the job performance of nurses with the mediation of career path adaptability.

The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population was the nurses of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sample size of 220 nurses was selected by non-random (voluntary) sampling method. The data collection tools were Neo's (1985) personality traits questionnaires, Savikas and Profili's career path adaptability (2012) and Patterson's job performance (1970). Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software version 24.

All the direct paths between personality traits and job performance and career path adaptability are significant. Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that the indirect paths of personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and openness) and job performance of nurses with the mediation of career path adaptability were significant (P≤0.05). The model has a good fit.

Personality traits and career path adaptability are strong variables related to job performance. This means that nurses who have favorable personality traits and career path adaptability are expected to have better job performance.

At the onset of the coronavirus outbreak, nurses and healthcare workers in departments directly involved in combating the COVID-19 epidemic faced a variety of psycho-social stressors. This research aimed to predict the perceived vulnerability to disease based on their personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation in nurses.

This current research is a descriptive-correlational type. The study population included all nurses working in COVID-19 care departments in Tehran hospitals (such as Masih Daneshvari, Milad, Shariati, Luqman, Shahid Tajrish, Imam Khomeini, and Imam Hossein) in 2021. Data was gathered through questionnaires on perceived vulnerability to infectious diseases by Duncan, Sklar, and Park (2009), Costa and McCrae's Five Factor Model of personality (1985), and Gransefaki et al.'s (2002) cognitive-emotional regulation. The data was analyzed using descriptive tests and after confirming the statistical assumptions using the statistical method of hierarchical regression, by SPSS software.

According to the findings of this research, personality traits of extroversion (P<0.042, t=2.04), openness to experience (P<0.013, t=2.50), cognitive regulation of positive emotions (P<0.019, t=2.35) were found to have a negative correlation, while conscientiousness (P<0.0001, t=4.13) and negative emotion cognitive regulation (P<0.0001, t=5) were positively correlated with changes in perceived vulnerability to infectious diseases.

The results of the study indicate that paying attention to the personality traits and emotional strategies in nurses and providing specialized training and counseling to these people it can be effective during epidemics in order to improve the vulnerability of perception.

Communication skills are an effective way to improve the quality of care and increase job satisfaction. Considering the tremendous impact of communication skills and attention to the dimensions of people's personality, which has a significant impact on people's job satisfaction, the purpose of this study is to determine communication skills and its relationship with personality traits and job satisfaction in nurses of hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. This study was conducted with a simple random cluster sampling method on 184 nurses from hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences. Information was collected through online questionnaires of communication skills, job satisfaction and personality traits. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. In this study, p was considered less than 0.05.

According to the results of this study, communication skills and personality traits have 47% ability to predict job satisfaction. Also, 65.9% of the participants have average job satisfaction.

Considering that in this study, nurses' job satisfaction was at an average level. Therefore, managers and relevant officials should take measures to improve the job satisfaction of nurses, who are one of the pillars of the medical staff.

Body dysmorphic disorder can have detrimental effects on academic achievement and constructive activities in the lives of adolescents.

This research aims to predict body dysmorphic disorder based on personality traits and cognitive distortions, with the mediating role of emotional regulation difficulty in female students.

The research employs a descriptive and correlational approach, relying on a structural model and path analysis. The population includes all female students aged 14 to 18 in Sanandaj during the academic year 2022-2023. A sample of 210 individuals was selected through convenience sampling, responding to questionnaires on emotional regulation difficulties (2004), personality traits (1992), cognitive distortions (2009), and body dysmorphic disorder (2013). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and Amos version 26.

The results showed that the model predicting body dysmorphic disorder based on the research variables had a good fit. Cognitive distortions (p < 0.01, t = 5.44), neuroticism (p < 0.01, t = 5.99), and emotional regulation difficulty (p < 0.01, t = 3.92) had direct positive and significant effects. Extraversion (p < 0.01, t = -4.71) and conscientiousness (p < 0.01, t = -3.41) had direct negative and significant effects on body dysmorphic disorder. Additionally, the indirect effect of cognitive distortions (p < 0.05, β = 0.059), neuroticism (p < 0.05, β = 0.041), and extraversion (p < 0.05, β = -0.068) on body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of emotional regulation difficulty was significant.

Based on the results of neuroticism cognitive distortions are significant factors influencing body dysmorphic disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that school counselors conduct training courses addressing cognitive distortions, improving neuroticism, and enhancing emotional management skills.

Care is the most important role of nursing in which role-playing is formed through effective interactions and communication. The quality of nursing care and nurses' professional interactions in the field of patient care can be influenced by their attitudes and beliefs or, to put it better, their personality traits. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and professional interaction and the quality of nursing care in nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2016.

In this study, 150 nurses working in selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 1399 were selected by stratified random sampling method and completed the relevant standard questionnaire and then the data were analyzed using SPSS software was analyzed.

78% of the participants were female and 44% of them were in the age range of 24 to 36 years. Between the personality traits of nurses' agreement with the quality of their nursing care (p = 0.029, r = 0.178) as well as between the personality traits of agreement (p = 0.013, r = 0.202) and conscience ( P = 0.038, r = 0.169) Nurses had a significant relationship with professional interaction.

Since with increasing the level of agreement in the personality of nurses, the quality of nursing care is higher and also with increasing the level of agreement and conscientiousness in the personality of nurses, professional interaction has been more in them. Background Use people with agreeable and conscientious personalities in sensitive nursing roles.

Marital satisfaction is very important in the second decade of life. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles based on the mediating role of self-compassion among couples in the second decade of life.

Methods and Materials:

 The present method was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population included all the couples of Isfahan city who were living in the second decade of their life together. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and 384 couples (768 people) were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected through Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989), Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (1997), Hazen and Shiver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), and Shafqat Neff's Questionnaire (2003) and analyzed with PLS software.

The results showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Another finding of the research showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Finally, the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion.

It seems that self-compassion can affect marital satisfaction, and on the other hand, favorable personality traits and secure attachment style can increase marital satisfaction.

Considering the prevalence of COVID-19, the sensitivity of the nursing profession, and the harmful effects of job burnout on the quality of nursing care, the present study aims to investigate the role of personality traits, work-family conflicts, and social support in predicting job burnout of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from August to September 2021, coinciding with the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Iran, on 130 nurses working in four hospitals in Ilam province, who were selected by a random sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, Maslach burnout questionnaire, NEO personality inventory, Carlson's work-family conflict scale, and Zimet's multidimensional scale of perceived social support. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using Pearson's correlation test and regression analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05.

According to the results of regression analysis, the relationship of work-family conflict with job burnout was negative and significant (P<0.05). The extroversion had the highest effect on emotional exhaustion (β=-0.351). Perceived social support had no significant effect on job burnout (P>0.05). Agreeableness had the highest effect on depersonalization (β=0.405). The work-family conflict had the highest effect on personal accomplishment (β=0.260).

Personality traits, work-family conflicts, and social support can predict the occurrence of job burnout in nurses. It is necessary for the hospital authorities to use supportive and educational measures to reduce job burnout in nurses during the pandemic.

The present study investigates the role of psychological patterns and the duration of smartphone and laptop use on neck pain.

The statistical population of this correlational study included all students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad-Iran, in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two-hundred forty-two students were selected by the multi-stage cluster method. The data were gathered through NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Nordic Neck Pain Scale, and a researcher-made questionnaire to check smartphone and laptop usage hours. Information and data were analyzed using the structural equation model.

The results showed that personality traits and their dimensions (such as flexibility, neuroticism, introversion/extroversion, work conscientiousness, and agreeableness), psychological stress and its subscales (anxiety, depression, and stress), and the duration of using smartphone and laptop could not have a significant effect on neck pain (P> 0.05) (Power AGFI> 0.90, Power RMSEA> 0.90).

Based on the findings, psychological patterns and the duration of smartphone and laptop use have no significant effects on neck pain, and it is necessary to use more accurate tools to investigate in a wider and deeper way.

Extensive job performance factors can be influenced by employees' personality traits. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and job performance of health workers.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 175 health workers were studied. To collect the data, a form including three different questionnaires was used: 1) demographic questionnaire, 2) the standard 240-item NEO Personality Inventory, and 3) Work Performance Questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS software.

No significant relationship was observed between NEO personality traits with job knowledge and job skills (P > 0.05), while being conscientious had a direct and significant effect on job attitude (P = 0.038).

Conscientiousness can be a significant predictor of health workers’ job performance.

Researchers believe that murder is considered as a form of violence or aggression and as one of the social harms and crimes. This crime or perversion has a social nature and occurs mostly in interpersonal and intergroup interactions that endanger the social security of individuals and groups. In the theoretical and abstract field, the phenomenon of murder can be studied from different angles and dimensions of biological, psychological and sociological (3).Various factors have been mentioned in explaining the factors leading to violence. Personality traits may be one of the most important variables associated with violence. One of the most widely used personality patterns in psychological research is the five-factor personality pattern. The five-factor pattern of personality is the predominant characteristics of individuals in each of the components: neuroticism, extraversion, agreement, conscientiousness, and longing for new experiences (8).Another view is the theory of self-control. Much research has been done on the theory of self-control. Such as: the relationship between parents and relatives and low self-control with violence (9), the relationship between self-control with personality traitsand impulsivity (10), the study of domestic violence and adolescents: with the mediating role of self-control, support Social, Religiosity and Welfare (11), The effect of self-control training on re-arrest and the relationship between high-risk behaviors and self-control (12).Another theory that explains violence is the theory of self-esteem. Low self-esteem leads to the formation of a subculture of violence because conventional sources of self-esteem are not available and therefore aggression is taken as an alternativesource(13).Dangerous beliefs can be mentioned as other influential factors in the occurrence of violence and murder. Dangerous beliefs refer to the belief in values ​​that emphasize the realization of the right personally and the achievement of goals and problem solving through the use of physical force. Elias (2013), in a study showed that there is a relationship between violent behavior and culture and in some societies there are very positive attitudes towards violent behavior (14). In view of the above, careful study and scientific research on risk factors and the spread of violence leading to murder in the city of Iranshahr seems necessary.

The present research is descriptive-survey and applied. For the present study, he selected 40 available men from Iranshahr prison due to violence and murder. Then the Performance Assessment Questionnaire (FAD) has six components of problem solving, communication, maps, emotional companionship, emotional intercourse, behavior control and overall performance, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS) with 3 components of social support by family, support Socially received by friends and social support received by others and the Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire of Power (2013) with 4 components of income, economic class, education and housing status were distributed and collected among the subjects. Finally, descriptive statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.

The results of data analysis showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between personality trait, agreement and conscientiousness with violence and its components, with violence and its components, ie with the rise of a variable, the variable It also increases, but there is no significant relationship between psychosis, introversion-extroversion, and the desire for new experiences with violence and its components other than anger.Another finding of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and violence and its components (physical violence, verbal violence, anger and hostility).Finally, in the present study, it was found between self-control and its components (impulse impulse impulse, physical versus mental, simple task performance, selfishness, nervousness, memory seeking) with violence and its components (physical violence). Verbal violence, hostility and hostility (on the one hand) and dangerous beliefs have a significant relationship with violence and its components on the other hand.

Explaining the role of adaptive personality traits in reducing aggression, it can be said that agreeability is one of the five major personality factors that is considered as the most important predictor of aggression. This factor indicates the type of relationship one has with oneself and others. The person who agrees is basically altruistic, feels empathy for others and is eager to help them, and believes that others have the same relationship with him. They also have fewer interpersonal conflicts and better mental health (8).Another finding showed that there is a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and violence and its components. In this regard, Tracy and Robbins (2003) also state that individuals protect themselves from feelings of inferiority and shame by blaming external factors for their failures that lead to feelings of hostility and anger towards others. Thus, in people with low self-esteem, aggression is valued as a reaction to past bad experiences or as a compensation for self-esteem (26).Another finding showed that there is a significant positive relationship between risky beliefs and violence. Everyone can change the course of their life with the beliefs they have in their treasury. Beliefs about individuals and the world are both important features of a person's basic hypotheses (27). Man is a social being and living in society, in his mind and psyche forms a set of beliefs and thoughts that when any behavior occurs, he tries to establish harmony and homogeneity with his mental beliefs and external behaviors. Habit and habit are the two main factors in human behavior. Custom sets a set of accepted beliefs about the approval of each individual in that community through practice and repetition in the subconscious to harmonize with the custom of the community and because any kind of inconsistency or opposition to social custom leads to punishment and rejection in the community. Over time, the customary beliefs of society are institutionalized in individuals. One of the dangerous beliefs in traditional societies, especially in Balochistan, is the strong emphasis on categories such as revenge and violence, which have come in the form of many proverbs and epic stories in popular literature. And it seems that this literature has had a great impact on the collective subconscious of individuals and is manifested in the form of violence and murder in society and is referred to as revenge, zeal, courage and masculinity, and more dangerously, a positive and Most of the society approves of such violent behaviors (15).

Researchers believe that creating psychological well-being and inner and stable happiness leads people to greater success, healthier social relationships, and finally higher mental and physical health (1). In this context, research results also show a positive relationship between psychological well-being and academic performance (2). On the other hand, the spread of Covid-19 in Wuhan, China and its epidemic all over the world inevitably caused many changes in people's lifestyles, the anxiety caused by the possibility of contracting this disease caused the formation of social distance between people and reduced communication between them. especially students). Since the need to connect is one of the essential needs for people's mental health, this has affected the psychological well-being of students more (3). Another psychological construct that is one of the most prominent variables in positive psychology and is likely to predict students' psychological well-being is resilience. Resilience is the process or ability to adapt oneself to failures, calamities, life conflicts and challenging events and overcome them. Resilient people show positive adaptive behavior when facing adverse conditions and stressful situations (6). According to research results, another factor that affects the academic and social life of students is self-efficacy (12). Self-efficacy is one of the important and effective concepts in Bandura's cognitive-social theory. In Bandura's system, self-efficacy refers to feelings of sufficiency, competence and ability to cope with life (2). On the other hand, one of the most important social factors related to psychological well-being is the perception of social support. Perceived social support is a concept that refers to people's subjective evaluations of supportive relationships and behaviors. Among other reasons for the correctness of this result, we can point to the fact that in the course of interactions and social support, a person uses methods He becomes aware of the effectiveness of others in life, and with this cognitive capital, he can establish positive practices and pleasant behaviors for a satisfying life (14). Therefore, the basic problem of the current research is to find an answer to the question of whether the model of students' psychological well-being based on personality traits and perceived social support with the mediation of resilience and self-efficacy has a good fit with the data?

To conduct this descriptive-correlational research, which was conducted using the statistical method of structural equation modeling, he has the code of ethics IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.004 approved by the Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch. 400 female students of the second secondary education in the 2nd district of Tehran in the academic year of 1399-1400 were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Then Riff psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), NEO-FFI-R five-factor questionnaire (NEO-FFI-R) by McCree and Costa (2008), multidimensional perceived social support scale (Zimmet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley, 2012), Scherer's general self-efficacy scale and colleagues (1982), and completed the Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience scale, and after entering the data into SPSS software, the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using AMOS software. were analyzed.

As can be seen in Table 2, the fit indices, such as the chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom (df/χ²) with a value of 3.52, the incremental fit index (IFI) with a value of 0.97, the comparative fit index (CFI) ) with a value of 0.95, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) with a value of 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI=0.91), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI=0.89) and root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA) with a value of 0.06 indicates a good fit of the proposed model with the data. In addition, as seen in diagram 1, the coefficients of the direct path and their direction have been determined, and these coefficients are significant at the minimum level (a ≥ 0.05). Also, the diagram of the proposed model of the current research shows that the predictor variables explain 90% of the variance of the dependent variable (psychological well-being), which indicates the high predictive power of the model variables in predicting psychological well-being. As shown in Table 3, the path coefficients (ß) and the significance level of each of them (p) are given, all of which are significant at the minimum level (a ≥ 0.05). In this table, the highest beta coefficient (ß) is related to the path of resilience to psychological well-being (ß = 0.64, p < 0.001), and the lowest beta coefficient (ß) is related to the path of personality traits to self-efficacy. β = 0.17, p = 0.002).

The results of the present study showed that the proposed model of students' psychological well-being based on personality traits and perceived social support with the mediation of resilience and self-efficacy in the conditions of covid-19 had a favorable fit with the data. In general, the predictor variables have explained about 90% of the variance of the dependent variable (psychological well-being) in the present study. In explaining this pattern, it can be said that personality traits, as one of the important components of individual differences, can play an essential role in how to engage, search and pursue experiences. Also, extroversion as one of the personality traits provides the context for social interaction; As a result, one's social skills are strengthened and finally, by reducing the feeling of loneliness, one's happiness and psychological well-being are strengthened. It can be said that neurotic people constantly experience lower quality of life and, as a result, lower psychological well-being due to having characteristics such as high anxiety, low self-esteem, and severe depression (22).   Also, according to the findings of the current research, social support has a causal relationship with psychological well-being both directly and indirectly - through resilience and self-efficacy. In explaining this finding, it can be said that the people around you can be different sources of social support in different ways. have a major impact on the student's sense of well-being. In other words, among the effective factors in mental well-being is the social network with which a person is connected and supported by it; The support received from this network plays a very important role in the way a person interacts with himself and the environment. In the case of students, family, friends and school are the most important elements of this network and play an important role in overcoming problems and positively evaluating themselves and their lives (26).

Population aging is a pervasive social and demographic challenge and issue in developing countries, including Iran, in the near future. Several Social, psychological and behavioral factors can be related to the life satisfaction of the elderly. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between personality traits and life satisfaction in the elderly with the mediating role of cultural intelligence. This was a descriptive-correlation study of structural equations modeling (SEM) type. The statistical population studied in this research included all the elderly living in Bonab, Iran in 2021, among whom 200 people (100 men and 100 women) were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants responsed to Costa and McCrae’s Neo personality traits, Diener’s life satisfaction and Ang et al.’s cultural intelligence. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS-24 software, and SEM in LISREL 8.8 software. The results of SEM revealed that the research model has a good fit. The results of the mediating role of cultural intelligence also indicated that this variable serve a significant mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and life satisfaction (P<0.01). According to the result of the current study, it is suggested to hold educational workshops with the aim of raising awareness of the role of personality traits and cultural intelligence in order to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly.