پرسشنامه

The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among dental clients requires sufficient knowledge in this regard. For this purpose, we aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the awareness of cardiovascular diseases among final year dental students.

After designing 38 questions, four areas were identified and to determine the validity, 7 specialists from the departments of Community Oral Health (2 people), Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (2 people), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2 people) and Cardiologist (n=1) evaluated the validity indicators and then to measure the reliability. The final form was distributed among 24 senior year dental students two weeks apart using the test-retest method and kappa statistics were calculated.

To determine the total validity of the instrument, the S-CVI value of the general agreement approach was 94.73% and in the mean approach was 87.84%. Also, the I-CVI values ​​of each question were above 0.70. Finally, out of the first 38 questions, 4 questions were removed due to lack of simplicity and the kappa coefficient of the remaining 34 questions, except for three questions, was obtained above 0.61, the middle of the total kappa coefficient was equal to 0.77.

With regard to desirable validity and reliability indices, it seems that this questionnaire is a useful tool to assess the awareness of dental students about cardiovascular diseases.

 Pharmacists perform a diverse range of activities and services in the field of pharmaceutical care. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative monitoring of these pharmaceutical services in hospital wards is essential. Since monitoring such services in hospitals requires a valid instrument, the aim of this research is to develop and conduct a scientometric evaluation of a questionnaire to quantify the quality of pharmaceutical care services in general hospital wards.

This methodological research was conducted between December 2023 and July 2024. To compile the questionnaire, the relevant areas were first identified. Subsequently, questions related to these areas were developed through a focused group discussion. Next, the appropriate scoring method was determined, and the initial questionnaire was constructed in two parts (technical and professional), formatted as a checklist. The content validity of the instrument was assessed in terms of clarity, simplicity, relevance, and necessity of each question. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

The mean content validity ratio of the technical part was 0.84 and 0.88 for the professional part. Also, the content validity index was 0.85 for the technical and 0.84 for the professional part. The alpha values were 0.771 for the first part and 0.773 for the second part, indicating an acceptable internal consistency.

While introducing a practical instrument, our results revealed acceptable validity and reliability indices for it. This tool can be used to evaluate and quantify pharmaceutical care services in hospital wards, and also as an indicator to identify high-risk areas where medication errors could occur.

Evidence-based care improves the quality of care and patient outcomes and reduces the need for variation in care and unnecessary care. To implement evidence-based care, nurses' knowledge and performance must be evaluated. The present study was conducted to investigate and psychometrically evaluate the evidence-based performance questionnaire created by Upton in 2006.

In this methodological study, after obtaining permission from the questionnaire designer, the steps of translation and re-translation, etc., the validity of the content and the structure of the tool were evaluated. Also, reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Intra-Class correlation. For construct validity, 524 nurses working in teaching hospitals of medical sciences universities completed the evidence-based performance questionnaire.

The exploratory factor analysis results showed the three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and implementation of evidence-based practice. These three dimensions explained 53% of the total variance of the evidence-based performance questionnaire variables. Also, the tool's reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.894) and Intra-Class correlation (0.881).

The results of the present study showed that the evidence-based performance questionnaire had good validity and reliability in Iran. According to the appropriate psychometric parameters, this tool can be used in future studies to evaluate nurses' performance in evidence-based care.

Breast cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among women, can pose numerous psychological challenges for patients. In this context, the Quranic lifestyle, as a rich source of religious teachings, can play a significant role in promoting mental health and quality of life among patients.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 85 breast cancer patients in the summer of 2023. A questionnaire with eight items in two dimensions was designed. Face validity was determined using the Item Impact Score (IIS), and content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Exploratory factor analysis was employed to categorize items and identify dimensions for evaluating construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency and test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

The mean (standard deviation) of participants age was 42.50 (11.58) years. The final version of the scale consisted of 8 items in 2 dimensions. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, and for each dimension, it was greater than 0.80. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed the appropriate fit of the latent variable model.

The validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed in this study. Therefore, this 8-item scale is proposed as a suitable and efficient tool for measuring attitudes towards the Quran, hope, and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Stigma refers to negative and destructive attitudes and beliefs that society has towards some social groups, such as mental patients, disabled people, or a certain race. In Iran, there is no comprehensive and accurate questionnaire about the stigma of physical disability from a sociological point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the validity and reliability of the physical disability stigma questionnaire.

The present survey-cross-sectional study that was conducted among 620 people with physical disabilities living in Tehran and Yasuj cities using convenience sampling method. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, content, face, construct, convergent, discriminant, Cross-validated Communality and redundancy were used, and Cronbach's alpha, loop method, and composite reliability were used to evaluate reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS ans PLS analytical softwares.

The results indicated that convergent validity was established at the level of variables (AVE > 0.50) and at the level of items (factor loadings > 0.40) which indicated the validity and accuracy of the investigated items to measure the related variables. According to factor loading values, in measuring social stigma, family stigma dimension (0.770); In the measurement of perceived stigma, the dimension of "feeling being seen differently (0.870)" and in the measurement of self-stigma, the dimension of "avoidance stigma (0.871)" had a greater impact than other dimensions. It was correspondingly displayed that divergent validity was established at the level of variables and items, and according to the Fornell-Larcker index, the square root of the extracted average variance of each factor was greater than the maximum correlation of that factor with other factors. The results of combined reliability indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency reliability and the reliability of the measurement model was confirmed (CR > 0.70). Finally, the results of common cross-validity and redundancy revealed that the measurement model had good quality, appropriateness and predictive power (Q2 > 0.11).

According to the validity and reliability indicators of the measurement tool, it can be said that this questionnaire was appropriate in terms of content. The items were able to measure the desired variables. Moreover, the questionnaire had a worthy and satisfactory quality and can be a proper tool for measuring the physical disability stigma.

Assessing job satisfaction within any organization is essential due to its impact on productivity and overall effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire among employees of emergency medical centers.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 270 employees of emergency medical centers in Ahvaz between February 2021 and June 2021. Data collection was performed using a census method and Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Face validity, content validity, and translation accuracy of the questionnaire were reviewed by experts. Convergent and divergent validity and reliability were assessed using factor loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), reciprocal factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability in SMART-PLS 3 software.

The face validity, content validity, and translation accuracy of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts to suit the Iranian context. All item factor loadings and the AVE index for all constructs exceeded 0.4. The AVE index for the entire questionnaire was 0.523. Examination of reciprocal factor loadings confirmed divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability indices for all constructs were above 0.7. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability for the entire questionnaire were 0.83 and 0.88, respectively.

The validity and reliability of this questionnaire, as adjusted for the Iranian population, were confirmed to be high. Therefore, this questionnaire can be effectively used to evaluate job satisfaction among employees in various organizations, particularly in healthcare organizations and centers.

Although the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the short form of the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI-6) was studied, the sensitivity and specificity of the Persian version of this instrument have not been investigated. The present study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity and clinical cut-off point of the FSFI-6 in Iranian women.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 women with and 131 women without sexual dysfunction. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19) questionnaire was administered. Using the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and indicating cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were determined

Based on the short form of the original instrument, which included questions 4, 2, 7, 11, 16, and 17 from the longer version, the cut-off point for the FSFI-6 was 18.5 and the sensitivity and specificity were 61% and 52%, respectively. Considering that the calculated sensitivity and specificity of the index was relatively low and had a significant difference compared to the reported sensitivity and specificity for this instrument in the literature. Therefore, questions 5, 8, 12, and 18 were replaced with questions 4, 7, 11, and 17 and the analysis was repeated. Based on the replaced questions, the cut-off point was 20.5 and the sensitivity and specificity of the tool was 90%.

The findings suggest that the Persian version of FSFI-6 with questions 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 18 has a better performance for diagnosing sexual dysfunction in Iranian women.

Today's problems of cities make it necessary to pay attention to the idea of healthy cities more than in the past. A requirement to have a healthy city is to identify health indicators in different dimensions. The study of these indicators requires accurate and reliable measurement tools. In this regard, the study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometrically and using the questionnaire of the indicators of Healthy city.

A descriptive study was conducted in the first stage on 300 adults aged 20 and over in Isfahan city and in the second stage on 150 people in 1402. The initial questionnaire of healthy city indicators was designed with 107 items based on the opinions of professors and experts in the fields of urban planning, urban engineering, environmental health, psychology, health and social welfare, health policy, health in disasters. In different stages of psychometrics, face validity, content validity (CVR, CVI), criteria (divergent and convergent), exploratory factor analysis and reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Student's t-test and analysis of variance were used to report the data in the software (version 26, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)

 In the phase of determining quantitative face and content validity (CVR greater than 0.51 and CVI greater than 0.79 was acceptable), 52 items out of 107 items of the questionnaire were removed. All the remaining 55 items had a significant correlation with the total score of the questionnaire in the internal consistency measurement stage. In the Varimax exploratory factor analysis stage, 5 factors had an eigenvalue greater than one and were named as follows: "welfare, support and social participation" by explaining 53.99% of the variance; "Public, health and sanitary services"; "Cultural, educational and residential accesses"; "Emergency, health and social management"; and "fitness and urban beauty". Convergent and divergent validity was confirmed due to the stronger correlation between each item's score with its respective dimension score (P<0.0001), and lower correlation with other dimensions. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire at 0.959 and for the questionnaire scales in the range of 0.934 to 0.784. According to the findings of the application stage, no statistically significant difference was observed between the average score of the indicators of Healthy city by sex, education level, and employment status of the citizens.

The psychometrics of the questionnaire of the indicators of Healthy city indicated that the evaluations carried out in different stages were approved, as a result, the questionnaire has sufficient validity and reliability and usability. The results of this study can be used by policy makers and agents of the urban area and benefit from the benefits of planning related to measuring and using the tools of all citizens.

Sexual self-disclosure plays an important role in couples' sexual performance and satisfaction. It is necessary to have a valid, reliable tool to measure this variable. Review of literature shows that there is no tool with socio-cultural appropriateness for Iranian women in this field; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design and Psychometric Properties of the Context based female Sexual self-disclosure Questionnaire.

This methodological study conducted in 2020. In the first phase, the sexual self-disclosure of Iranian women and its dimensions explored by reviewing the literature using the thematic analysis approach. Then, using the deductive-inductive approach, the first 25 items compiled. In the second phase, psychometric assessment evaluated by examining face, content, construct and criterion validity as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

According to the results, sexual self-discloser of Iranian women extracted as "talking about sexual relationships and factors affecting quantity and quality". Quantitative indicators of content validity, CVI and CVR, were 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. The results of the study on the validity of the tool constructs designed by exploratory factor analysis led to identifying four factors that explained 65.06 of the variances. The results of the convergent validity assessment indicated the correlation coefficients between the total score of this questionnaire with Larson sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in the range of 0.66 to 0.93.

The results showed this questionnaires had optimal validity and reliability. Therefore, using this questionnaire to assess the level of female Sexual self-disclosure in future studies is suggested.

Health tourism is one of the dimensions of sustainable development to help Mazandarn’s economic dynamic. A strong agreement is doubted in identifying factors influencing the attraction of health tourists. This study was implemented to design a questionnaire to measure the factors influencing the attraction of healthy tourists and investigate its psychometric properties.

This study was done with a combinatorial approach in three steps, including relevant literature and the opinions of experts as long as health tourists' opinions of Mazandaran province were applied to the development of the item pool. Then, content validity, face validity, construct validity, and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed for the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The final questionnaire was approved after performing 17 interviews and applying professional expertise in the qualitative part. In the first stage of the quantitative part content validity was studied by 10 people from an expert panel, and its face validity, the questionnaire was completed by 10 participants. Finally, the construct validity of the designed instrument was calculated using exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 24 software and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 24 software by asking 300 people familiar with health tourism in Mazandaran province. The internal and external validity were determined using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest in 25 people.

The results of the literature review and interviews with experts in the first and second stages of the study led to the design of 76 items. In the next step, the changes in the qualitative stage 15 questions did not receive favorite points in Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) calculation in the quantitative part of content validity. Then face validity was applied and the item effect index for 8 items was lower than 1.5 in the quantitative stage of face validity. Then the questionnaire with 53 items was entered into construct validity. In the exploratory factor analysis, the value of KMO was equal to 0.778. Furthermore, the value of Bartlett's test of significance was less than 5%. Based on the rotated matrix of components, eight factors with positive values were obtained. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 7 items had a factor loading of less than 0.4, which were removed from the questionnaire, and finally, 46 items remained. In the confirmatory factor analysis stage, the factor load of all dimensions was in good condition and the P-value was in the acceptable range. Cronbach alpha rate was calculated as 0.831. The external reliability was lower than 0.05 (ICC= 0.90, P<0.001).

The designed questionnaire, due to the low number of questions, the simplicity of the sentences, as well as the acceptable validity and reliability, can be used to identify and investigate the factors affecting the attraction of health tourists. Normalization of the questionnaire in other cultures is suggested. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be utilized by researchers, healthcare and tourism system managers, and other stakeholders to inform the planning of interventions aimed at increasing medical tourism. Additionally, it is hoped that the results of this study will serve as a springboard for future research in this area.

Understanding the attitudes of military personnel towards suicide is crucial for evaluating suicide prevention programs, clinical practices, and policies within the military community. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Military Suicide Attitudes Questionnaire (MSAQ) among conscripts in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces.

In 2020, a descriptive-correlational study was conducted with a sample of 420 conscripts selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the MSAQ, Suicide Stigma Scale (SOSS), and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). Face validity was determined qualitatively, internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent, divergent, and retest validity were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify the MSAQ's factor structure.

Analysis revealed that the MSAQ showed convergent validity with the SOSS and divergent validity with the BSSI. The questionnaire demonstrated appropriate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and cut-off point.

The findings suggest that the MSAQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing suicidal ideation among conscripts in Iran.

Virtual education comes with ethical challenges. Designing reliable and robust tools to assess ethical performance in virtual education is essential. The aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire on ethical behavior in virtual education among students.

The present study was methodological research conducted on 264 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences during the years 2022-2023. The design and psychometric validation of the Ethical Behavior Questionnaire were performed using Waltz’s method (2010) in four stages. Face validity, content validity (both quantitative and qualitative), and internal consistency were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.

The theoretical concept of ethical behavior in students was extracted in six domains: academic honesty, privacy and confidentiality of individuals’ information, avoidance of cheating, maintaining order, observing etiquette and respect, and mental well-being. The Ethical Behavior Questionnaire, consisting of 35 items, demonstrated satisfactory content validity ratio (CVR = 0.84), content validity index (CVI = 0.93), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92).

The designed questionnaire possesses desirable psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, and is suitable for use by other students. To further develop the concept of ethical behavior and precisely define its domains, qualitative studies with structural validity are recommended.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Body Awareness Rating Scale (BARQ) among the Iranian sample.

The present study is a descriptive study in terms of the nature of data and data collection method and a fundamental study in terms of purpose. Among female students of Azad University, North Tehran Branch, 100 people were selected as a statistical sample using available sampling method. The research instruments were body awareness and body awareness questionnaires (BAQ). To analyze the results, correlation coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used.

The results showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the performance component was 0.79; Mood, 0.74; Emotions are 0.80 and awareness is 0.82. The total alpha coefficient was 0.81. In the content validity test, the values related to the mean extracted variance (AVE) were also higher than 0.5, which confirms that the content validity of the body awareness ranking scale is acceptable and appropriate. Finally, the results showed that the reliability, divergent and convergent validity of this scale is desirable and acceptable.

Using the tools made and identifying the body's awareness in individuals, it is possible to support many people through educational measures, counseling and interventions.

A suitable organizational climate play a pivotal role in achieving the organization's goals. A valid questionnaire is needed to evaluate the organizational climate. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the validity and reliability of the Persian edition of Halpin and Kraft's Organizational Climate Questionnaire among the employees of emergency medical centers.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 270 employees of emergency medical centers in Ahvaz between January and May 2021. Data collection was done by census method and using organizational climate questionnaire by Halpin and Croft. Validity of form, content, and translation of the questionnaire was checked by experts. Validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability were evaluated using factors loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), reciprocal factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability in SMART-PLS 3 software.Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study implementation. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

The validity of the form, content and translation of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts according to the Iranian society. All factor loadings of questionnaire items and AVE index for all constructs were higher than 0.4. AVE index for the whole questionnaire was 0.518. Examining reciprocal factor loadings confirmed divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha index and composite reliability for all questionnaire constructs were higher than 0.7. Likewise, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability for the whole questionnaire were 0.966 and 0.968, respectively.

Validity and reliability of this questionnaire according to the Iranian society was confirmed at a high level. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the organizational climate in organizations, especially health care organizations and centers

HSE culture is a part of the general culture of the organization, it is considered as a kind of management tool in reducing incidents and controlling unsafe behaviors in the organization. The purpose of this study was to present a valid and reliable tool in the field of HSE culture based on the OGP guide in process industries.

The current research is an instrument-making study that was conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability of the HSE culture questionnaire among the employees of Shahid Hashminejad Gas Refinery. After studying various texts, and using World Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) guide to design related questions, quantitative and qualitative content validity by 10 experts, face validity (comprehensibility), reproducibility and internal consistency by 30 employees and construct validity was done by 410 employees.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the final version of the questionnaire including 34 questions in 6 dimensions of the observable program of HSE management, competence and awareness of the situation, communication, training of work procedures and human factors, incident management and HSE evaluation and audit confirmed. The average impact score, validity ratio, and validity index were 3.81, 0.82, and 0.92, respectively. (α = 0.94 and ICC = 0.975), which was within the acceptable range.

Iranian HSE specialists can use this valid and reliable tool to evaluate the HSE culture of employees, especially in process industries, and use the findings as guidelines for effective health, safety and environmental interventions.

Acceptance of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) rules plays a crucial role in determining the performance of employees in HSE-related areas at the workplace. This study aimed to design a questionnaire to investigate influential factors on acceptance of HSE rules among employees.

The face validity of the survey was assessed by ten individuals from the target population, while content validity was evaluated by ten HSE experts using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The impact scores were calculated for the quantitative assessment of face validity, and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) values were used to assess content validity. Construct validity was determined through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) involving 506 participants. The reliability of the survey was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

All items in the survey showed satisfactory levels of impact score (>1.5), CVR (>0.69), and CVI (>0.79). The mean values for the Impact score, CVI, CVR, and S-CVI-UA were 4.26, 0.963, 0.944, and 0.62, respectively. The survey and its dimensions demonstrated strong reliability, as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha and ICC values exceeding 0.70. Additionally, EFA successfully identified the structure of the questionnaire, and CFA confirmed its goodness of fit.

The Persian version of the questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. This instrument can be effectively used to assess the factors that influence the acceptance of HSE rules among employees in various workplace settings.

Today, identifying the factors affecting the preventive behaviors and control of the Covid-19 disease as a global crisis is the main need of all societies.  But in order to achieve this goal, a valid and reliable tool is needed to measure people's performance to prevent Corona .As a result, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometrically analyzing the questionnaire of preventive behaviors against Corona.

This descriptive study was conducted in 1400 and 1401.  First, a questionnaire of preventive behaviors against corona was designed with 48 questions, and then two quantitative and qualitative methods were used to determine the face validity of the questionnaire. Also, content validity was examined in both quantitative and qualitative ways. Then factor analysis was conducted with a sample of 220 people. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire, and the test and retest method was used to evaluate the stability. The data was analyzed based on SPSS software and statistical tests.

The total face validity score was 5/75. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all constructs was reported to be higher than 0/7 and the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC) value of the questionnaire obtained from the test-retest with a two-week interval, with a 95% confidence interval, was 0/812, which indicates the reliability of the instrument.  In total, based on exploratory factor analysis, 6 factors were extracted. As a result, this scale has 6 subscales: regulation of leaving home and shopping, respiratory transmission cycle, social responsibility, principles of hand hygiene, nutritional hygiene and social distancing regulations; which explain 64/98% of the total variance.

The results of the study showed that the desired face validity of the questionnaire indicates the ease of understanding the items and their existential necessity from the point of view of the target community. The appropriate values of content validity, including the content validity index and the content validity ratio, also show that, from the point of view of experts, the questionnaire can measure what it should measure. Factor analysis also confirmed the correlation of the subscales with the whole instrument and the appropriate construct validity of the instrument. It also showed high values of internal homogeneity and stability of the designed questionnaire. In the Corona crisis and the period after it, as well as the possible outbreak of similar diseases in the future health service providers as well as policy makers in this area can use this questionnaire to check people's health behaviors and use its results in the design and implementation of preventive and care protocols.

Monitoring ergonomics in nurses should pay special attention to this issue and the status of improving performance, reducing or eliminating their skeletomuscular prevention in the workplace. Studies suggest that the ergonomic status of nurses is constantly being evaluated. Since a valid and reliable instrument is needed for this purpose, the aim of this study was to design, validate and rely the ergonomic status of nurses.

The current study was carried out in 2023 and in 3 stages: the first stage was the design of the instrument, which was done with the consultation of an ergonomics expert and a review of the literature. The next stage was the validity in both the qualitative and quantitative parts (content and face), which was conducted with the consultation of 15 members of the Nursing Faculty, and in the final stage, the reliability of the questionnaire was verified by 20 nurses from Imam Sajjad Hospital in Ramsar.

First, a 50-item questionnaire was designed with a Likert scale ranging from always to never. Subsequently, 2 items were removed from the questionnaire due to the qualitative and face content validity. The content validity ratio and content validity index were found to be 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The total reliability of this instrument was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and was 0.908, indicating adequate reliability of this questionnaire.

The questionnaire had acceptable ergonomic status, validity and reliability for use in the population of nurses, and it is suggested that this questionnaire be subjected to psychometric investigation in future studies for use in broader studies.