کاربردپذیری

Nowadays, most organizations deal with a tremendous volume of data. The Iran Health Insurance Organization, with a significant financial turnover, has utilized 60 information dashboards since 2017 to enhance the management of medical costs through business intelligence technologies. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the level of satisfaction and applicability of business intelligence (BI) in Iran's health insurance organization.

A descriptive-analytical and applied cross-sectional study conducted in 2023 involved a population of 401 participants. The study population consists of 401 people, which consists of the questionnaire data collection tool developed by the researcher. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed. 311 people completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis coefficients were used to describe the data, and T-tests and analysis of variance were used in the statistical inference to analyze data.

65.9% of male respondents, people with experience more than 25 years, the most (27.7%) and people with experience less than 5 years, the least (2.6%) group. Official employees accounted for the largest group of respondents with 73.6%. The highest satisfaction is found in the variable "improvement in decision-making through dashboards" with an average of 3.71 (74.1% satisfaction rate), while the lowest satisfaction is related to the variable "data content of the dashboards" with an average of 3.58 (63.2% satisfaction rate). The average satisfaction in total is 3.64 (satisfaction rate 72.8%).

New technologies, especially business intelligence technologies, can help organizations effectively.

Simultaneously with the COVID-19 epidemic, many efforts were made to manage and treat the disease. One of the main activities was the development of health information systems to help monitor this disease, but due to the speed of the disease’s spread, there was not enough time to evaluate the usability of these systems. Therefore, the present research was conducted to evaluate the usability of the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) system.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study (2022), the usability of the MCMS system was evaluated using a heuristic evaluation method. The system’s usability was investigated based on the Nielsen’s usability principles. All the problems identified by evaluators were collected in a single list and the mean severity of each problem was calculated.

There were 41 usability problems. The lowest mismatch with usability principles was related to “Help and documentation” (n=1) and the highest one was related to "user control and freedom” (n=8) and “Match with real world” (n=7). In addition, most of the identified problems had a relatively high degree of severity and were placed in the category of major problems.

Using the usability evaluation, a significant number of usability problems of the system were identified which, if not resolved, can cause increased errors, dissatisfaction, and decreased quality of information; therefore, it is necessary to solve these problems by the designers and developers of this system.

Considering the importance of learning how to write a proposal for students, this study was performed to develop an online tutorial for “How to write a Proposal” for students and to evaluate its usability.

This study is a developmental research and tool design. “Gamified Online Tutorial based on Self-Determination Theory (GOT-STD) Framework" became the basis for designing the online tutorial "How to Write a Proposal". After compiling and evaluating the content and questions, the online tutorial was designed by observing the structural, educational, and game elements introduced in the GOT-STD framework. In the last step, the usability of the tutorial was evaluated from the perspective of 10 master's students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

The usability evaluation results and the students' feedback indicate that the tutorial structure and content are suitable for the students. Some of the structural and content problems of the tutorial were also corrected. Among the positive points of tutorial from the perspective of students are the presentation of content in the form of short films, the possibility of re-reading, the possibility of using without time and place restrictions, the use of examples, practical assignments, step-by-step, good navigation system, communication With the tutorial manager, the appropriate scoring system, and finally, he pointed out that tutorial is fun, competitive and motivating.  

The usability evaluation results and the students' feedback indicate that the designed tutorial can be used as a suitable educational aid tool for medical students.

Integrated health system (SIB) is a common electronic health records, widely used in Iranian healthcare centers. The present study aimed to investigate the usability of this system among selected users.

A descriptive-analytical study was designed and conducted in 2021 with participation of 196 healthcare workers. Usability of the system was tested by means of the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the IsoMetric Standard Questionnaire. Data analysis was applied using SPSS version 26 software.

SUS showed a marginal usability for the system. All the 7 dimensions of the isometric questionnaire were found to be within the relatively favorable range with an average score of 3.1 to 3.2. SIB system was unacceptable for 30.6% of users, marginaly acceptable for 45.4%, and acceptable for 23.9% of users. Results showed a significant but inverse relationship between usability of the system with the average time past on it during a working day (p<0.039). Women estimated this system as more usable compared to men (p = 0.007).

The present study emphasized that SIB system needs specific considerations to become more usabile, and compatible with ergonomic dialogue principles. The most effective modifications would be included eliminating complicated steps, harmonizing relevant process, reducing memory-based process, individualization, error tolerancy, and user-centered design.

A quality criterion for evaluating information systems (ISs) is their usability, which can be determined by examining the user interface. User interface issues may generate user errors, dissatisfaction, and inefficiency, making IS adoption difficult. Therefore, the International Standard Organization recommends usability testing to evaluate IS acceptability and deployment. So, this study aimed to develop a native model for the usability testing of hospital information systems (HISs) via heuristic evaluation (HE).

This multi-staged qualitative study was conducted in 2020; ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched. After meeting the inclusion criteria, the articles were scored. Then, the initial model was created in the following stage by extracting data from library sources and validated using the Delphi technique, and consequently, the final model was presented.

: The native model was developed using thirteen principles: 1) visibility of system status, 2) the match between the system and the real world, 3) users’ control and freedom, 4) consistency and standards, 5) error prevention, 6) recognition rather than recall, 7) flexibility and efficiency of use, 8) aesthetic and minimalist design, 9) helping users recognize, diagnose, and recover errors, 10) documentation and help, 11) skill , 12) pleasurable, respectful interaction with users, and 13) privacy protection.

This study demonstrated that localizing the usability evaluation of HISs based on trustworthy sources and HE is a wise strategy, because not only it avoids repetitive processes, but also it uses the best up-to-date resources to enable the presentation of the highest evaluation quality.

Recent developments in the use of mobile technologies have given rise to opportunities for more effective and cost-efficient services for people with chronic diseases. Considering the relatively high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iran and the lack of a native application for the self-management of many complications of this disorder, the present study aims to develop and evaluate a mobile application for PTSD self-management.

This developmental-applied study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, interviews and a literature review were carried out to identify users’ requirements and expectations of the application. Then, the application was modeled, designed, developed, and tested based on the requirements. In the second stage, the usability of developed application was evaluated by experts and users.

The following services were implemented in the application: psychoeducation, coping skills, breathing exercise, relaxation, positive affect, social support, self-assessment, reminders, useful links, and self-monitoring. According to experts’ evaluation, the application was of acceptable quality (78.25%). The application was relatively acceptable from the users’ point of view (68.67%). In the evaluation process, experts were most satisfied with the functionality of the application (80 %), and users were most satisfied with the application’s ease of use (76%).

Using the application can be useful in promoting access to healthcare services for patients with PTSD, and in addition to saving time and costs, it can be effective in the self-management of this disorder.

Usability is a criterion that indicates a product’s applicability and ease of use. A usable product allows the user to perform a task correctly and quickly, preventing errors and fatigue. The present study aimed to determine the ergonomic usability of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences website of educational management system from the students’ viewpoint in 2019 and 2020.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the usability of one of the websites for educational management systems using a standard questionnaire. The study examined the utility of web-based applications in the research processes automation field. The questionnaire was embedded in Google Forms and emailed to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences students, 404 of which returned. The data were analyzed with a 0.05 confidence level using SPSS software version 16.

The 404 participants’ data showed that among the questionnaire nine factors, the highest and intermediate-range mean were for “Ease of Use” at 19 and 4 and for “Ease of Learning” at 18 and 4. Moreover, they were 13 and 3 for “System Capabilities,” 13 and 2 for “System Usability,” and 10 and 2 for “User Satisfaction.” In addition, “Errors Management” received 10 and 2, “Display” 10 and 2, “System Terms and Information” 8 and 2, and “User Environment Personalization” 5.5 and 3 as their highest and intermediate-range mean, respectively. Most questionnaires did not differ significantly depending on the age variable, meaning that different age groups had similar answers to most factors. The two sexes showed a significant difference in the responses to the “Usefulness of the System,” “Ease of Learning,” and “Display.” A significant difference for other factors was found in examining the relationship between educational level and the questionnaire factors. However, the “Error Management” and “Display” factors did not significantly differ, considering the educational levels.

The results showed that more attention should be paid to ease of use and learning in re-designing this website. However, it is necessary to consider all factors affecting usability.

Since endometriosis is a chronic disease and requires long-term care, it can have a devastating effect on life quality. For this reason, it is necessary to increase awareness and educate women about endometriosis. In this regard, a mobile phone-based endometriosis training program was designed.

The present paper is a development-applied study and was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, to determine the educational content, after reviewing previous studies, the questions obtained were given to eleven gynecologists and reproductive health doctors to measure the necessity and effectiveness of each question. After being designed, the program was provided to 40 women of reproductive age, and the usability of the program was assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software.

The required educational content of the application was presented in five groups and confirmed by specialists. The mean age of women who participated in this study was 32.35 ± 11.70 years. The average score of usability of the program was 8.34 out of 9 points which indicates a "good" level of satisfaction.

Educating women through new popular tools such as mobile phones can play an important role in raising awareness and influencing their treatment. Therefore, designing a mobile phone-based training program in the field of education and awareness for women at risk of endometriosis can be advantageous.

Usability has been defined as the extent to which specific users can efficiently use a product to achieve specific goals. Along with the increased number of the elderly population, there is a need for user-centered products for this group of people. Smartphones are widely used products in modern society. USE (Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of use) questionnaire is an easy-to-use, quick, and accurate instrument to assess product/service usability. Thus, this study was done to determine the validity and reliability of the Farsi version of the USE questionnaire to evaluate the usability of smartphones for elderly users.

The USE questionnaire was developed by Lund (2001) to assess usability, considering four separate dimensions: usefulness, satisfaction, ease of use, and ease of learning. This is a 30-item questionnaire that evaluates usability on a 7-point Likert scale. In order to assess the face and content validity of the questionnaire, a panel of nine experts was asked to rate the relevancy, clarity, simplicity, and necessity of each question using the Likert scale. Subsequently, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were computed. In order to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, two methods of internal reliability and test-retest reliability were used. In this sense, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as the measure of internal reliability. Cronbach’s alpha equal to and above 0.7 was considered the minimum acceptable value. To measure the test-retest, 50 old adults (aged 60 years old and above) were asked to answer the questionnaire twice at a two-week interval. Then, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the two sets of scores. Also, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized for specifying its sensitivity, specificity, and cut -off point

Based on the comments of the expert panel, CVI scores of all questionnaire items were above 0.78, whereas four items rated less than 0.78 in terms of CVR scores; and, consequently, were removed from the questionnaire. Moreover, according to the reliability assessment results, both internal correlation and test-retest scores obtained acceptable values. Specifically, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for usefulness, satisfaction, ease of use, and ease of learning were 0.771, 0.862, 0.756, and 0.798, respectively. In the ROC curve, the cut-off point was reported as 4.88 with the sensitivity and specificity of 97.8% and 75%, respectively, and area under the ROC curve at this cut-off point was obtained 81%.

Comparing a product’s characteristics with standards is a prerequisite to determining the level of usability of that product. The Farsi version of the USE questionnaire is a reliable tool for measuring usability with satisfactory validity and reliability. This questionnaire can be used in future studies in smartphone usability.

Providing safety for human resources in the industry is very important. Safety shoes are one of the most common PPEs that protect the foot against potential hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the discomfort and usability of safety shoes in different industries of Mazandaran province to find gaps in the quality of design and improve the design of safety shoes.

This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in 2021.This study included employees of 11 different industrial companies that used seven safety shoe brands. They answered two researcher-made questionnaires, LPD (discomfort and general satisfaction) and SFUQ (usability). Data analysis was performed with Spearman rank correlation coefficient while Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test were also performed.

In total, 226 men with a mean age of 36.33 ± 7.4 years were included in this study. The participants reported the lowest usability for the brand G (3.3 and 3.99), and the least discomfort and the most usability index with the brand A (1.2 and 5.35). Overall, the highest satisfaction was reported for brand A and the lowest satisfaction to brand G.

The findings of this study showed that the main problem in comfort and usability is probably related to shoe molds because the manufacturers of safety shoes import molds from abroad that do not fit the anthropometric characteristics of Iranian users’ feet.

Today, many hardware and software products, including office automation software, and web-based websites are used by employees, including professors and employees of different departments in offices. Websites are considered one of the main aspects of competition in any organization. This study aims to investigate the usability of the Integrated Research Automation System (SYAT): A Heuristic Evaluation.

 The evaluation was performed on the integrated research system software (SYAT) by 3 evaluators. They then evaluated the intensity of each of the ten options scored from 0 to 4. After each problem was classified as one of the 10 branches of Nelson's evaluation by the evaluators, similar problems were eliminated and the average scores and the severity of the deterioration of the problems were calculated.

 A total of 92 usability problems were identified in evaluating the usability of the web-based software (system) using the components provided by Nielsen. The highest number of problems was related to the detection instead of reminder with (16 problems) 17.32%. The lowest number of problems was related to both compatibilities between the system and the real world, and the clarity of the system status with (6 cases) 6.52%.

 The usability assessment method is inexpensive and simple and the problems caused by websites and applications can be evaluated as feedback to improve them. The more accurate the needs of SYAT system users are, the more effective the system will be and the more satisfied the users will be.

Considering the importance of Mobile Health (mHealth) in improving the quality of health services, evaluating the performance of applications that provide these services seems necessary. One of the dimensions of assessing applications is usability evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate the usability of a home health services mobile application (30Teb) using the heuristic evaluation method.

The present study was an applied cross-sectional one. The usability of the user interface of the 30Teb home health services mobile application to provide health services in Kerman was evaluated using a heuristic evaluation checklist. In this study, three evaluators independently evaluated the user interface of the 30Teb mobile app.

A total of 241 problems were identified by three evaluators. After deleting duplicates and then summarizing them, 69 problems remained in the final list. The highest number of identified problems was related to the “identification instead of reminder” and “skills” components, and the lowest number was related to the “privacy” component. Moreover, the highest severity of the identified problems was related to the component of “user freedom and control of the system,” and the lowest severity was related to the “privacy” component.

Although the problems identified in the 30Teb app were not very severe, paying attention to them in different design and implementation stages and solving these problems can lead to better user interaction and more effective use of a mobile application.

One of the essential methods of evaluating academic libraries’ mobile websites is the usability analysis method; websites’ usability means their ease and simplicity of use. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the mobile website of the libraries of top medical universities in Iran. This study aims to evaluate the usability of mobile websites of the libraries of top Iranian universities of medical sciences.

This study was done by the descriptive-survey method. The study’s statistical population includes mobile websites of the libraries of the top 50 universities of medical sciences in Iran, which have gained the highest rank in universities’ webometrics ranking in January 2019. The tool used in this study was a checklist. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS software.

The data analysis showed that in terms of usability of the mobile websites of university libraries, Kerman, Birjand, and Tehran universities of medical sciences were in the first to third ranks with 89.23%, 84.62%, and 81.54%, respectively. Neishabour, Gonabad, and Semnan universities of medical sciences were the last ranks with 40%, 43.08%, and 44.62%., respectively. The evaluation of the research components showed that “system visibility status,” “assisting the user in identifying, detecting and compensating for errors,” and “guidance and documentation” were in the best situation, and components of “error prevention,” “flexibility and system efficiency,” and “User control and freedom” were in their worst condition.

Given the increasing influence and popularity of smart cell phones in the professional life of academics, it is necessary for administrators and designers of mobile websites of academic libraries to consider the applicability and effectiveness of mobile websites of the research community, taking into account the practical findings of the present study.

Applicability is the extent to which a particular product can be used by specific users to achieve specific goals in a specific field with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. Due to the fact that the lab information system plays an important role in improving laboratory processes and some vital information of the patient is recorded in this system, the existence of an error in this system endangers the patient. The purpose of this study was to measure the applicability of the laboratory information system in hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences using two methods of System Usability Scale and Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 1396. A QUIS and SUS standard questionnaire was used to collect information. After translation, its validity was confirmed by a number of professors. The research population consisted of users working in six educational centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences who had experience working with the laboratory information system. Because of the limited number of users, the census method has been used and the sample size is 69. The data obtained in the SPSS is imported and presented in the form of tables and charts. In total, 40.07% of the users were satisfied with the system, with the highest degree of satisfaction with the system's convenient learning with 54%, followed by the system's usefulness with 50.07% satisfaction. According to the findings of the present study, it became clear that the information system of the laboratory was simple to use from the viewpoint of users, and the operation of these systems was not complicated and easy to learn, but the system lacked the flexibility that should be taken into consideration when designing this system.

Admission and medical record system (AMRS) is one of the most important subsystems of hospital information system, which is used by many users in admission, discharge, and health information management. Interface usability problems can reduce user speed, precision, and efficiency in user-system interaction. This study aimed to identify the usability problems of AMRS in a hospital information system.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, five health information technology experts evaluated AMRS in a hospital information system using heuristic evaluation. Then, the system usability problems were categorized according to Nielsen's 10 usability principles and their severity were determined.

Totally, 62 unique usability problems were detected. The most frequent problems were related to "consistency and standards" (n=9) and ''recognition rather than recall" (n=9), and the least frequent ones was related to "flexibility and efficiency of use" (n=1). 59.7% of the identified problems were categorized as big and severe problems. The highest average severity of problems belonged to "system’s visibility" and "aesthetic and minimalist design", and the least average severity belonged to "error prevention".

Using heuristic evaluation, a large number of usability problems in AMRS were identified. According to experts' opinions, most of the HIS interface problems were big and severe, and they need to be modified by designers and developers of these systems.

There are various models of socket wrench in the market varying in the length and diameter of handle and weight. Each of these features alone can modify the force applied by the hand and affect how comfortable the user is. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dimensional properties and weight of several models of socket wrench with their usability index score.  

58 male technicians from maintenance units of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences performed the task of opening 12 bolts with 8 N/m of torque using 6 models of socket wrench with different physical properties. The sample size was selected based on proposed figures for usability studies.  The System Usability Index (SUS) validated questionnaire was used to determine the usability score of each model after the experiment. The study was conducted in 2017. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between usability index score and dimensional properties and weight of wrenches (P<0.001). Wrench models with longer handle and diameter size close to optimum range of diameter of hand tools for male users had a higher usability score, and participants reported a better test experience with these models.

Using the System Usability Index (SUS Questionnaire) to measure the quality of human-centered design of hand tools is a good way to evaluate and select the hand tools that are widely used by technical staff. The results of this study are valid for short-term applications of wrenches. However, for long time activities, epidemiological and physiological evidences such as EMG should also be used.
Keywords:

The use of new technologies, particularly mobile phones, is drastically growing on a daily basis. The usability of mobile phones can be determined for different age groups in order to reach a balanced development plan with respect to this technology. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the usability of touch-screen and button cell phones among Iranian elderly users, with respect to objective performance and perceived usability.   In this cross-sectional study, 20 elders (50% female) with an average age of  were selected by simple random sampling method to measure the usability of touch-screen and button cell phones. In order to assess the objective performance of how elders work with cell phones, tests were conducted including items like typing speed, number of typing errors, taking photo, creating new contacts, and sending text messages. Perceived usability was obtained using a questionnaire of cell phone usability. Furthermore, muscle pressure and mental work load during cell phone use were evaluated by Borg CR10 and NASA-TLX questionnaires, respectively. Data were analyzed conducting statistical analysis tests of T-test and Mann-Whitney by SPSS24 software. Results revealed that the average typing speed and typing errors in touch-screen cell phones are larger than that in button cell phones. Moreover, the average of perceived usability in touch-screen cell phones (5.8) is higher than that in button cell phones (4.3). Pearson correlation coefficient showed an inverse relationship (-0.3) between perceived usability and mental work load obtained in both types of the cell phones. Findings showed that the maximum perceived muscle pressure when working with a cell phone is felt in the neck area.  According to the obtained results, touch-screen cellphones are suggested for those elders who type more and button cell phones are recommended for those who use the cell phone menu more frequently, namely taking photo, calling, internet, and so forth.

Usability is an index to assess a product from the viewpoint of users satisfaction, efficiency and productivity improvement. The main attributes of usability that are derived from the human factors are  and used  in usability design of the interfaces Include: compatibility, consistency, flexibility, minimal action, perceptual limitation, usefulness, learnability, ease of use, minimal memory load, user guidance, satisfaction and errors. The main aim of this study was to assess the usability of interface design tool for a ventilator utilized in the hospitals of Arak city, Iran; and study its validation and reliability. After constructing the initial questionnaire from the standard sources, specific techniques to determine the validity,  and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for the validity and reliability study. The study procedure was: determining the scope and dimensions of the questions, drafting questionnaire, assigning members of the expert panel, study, questionnaire data acquisition  and analysis methods, determining acceptance criteria of the questions and the content validity and reliability index. Final tool was a 42-items questionnaire. The content validity index (CVI) of questionnaire was 0.86. The results showed that the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 as an acceptable value for the reliability of questionnaire. After the final questionnaire design and the appropriate validity and reliability of it, adopting this tool to assess the usability of breathing apparatus (ventilator) is recommended. With usability assessment of such vital instruments, quality improvement, higher efficiency and productivity as well as errors reduction and good design user interface will be achieved.

Informational system couldn’t be efficient enough as much as their penetration to the large part of the health system. Most of this inefficiency is due to Applicability problems with these systems. Given the importance of this issue, the aim of this study is to investigate the concept of Applicability, its relationship with users and ways to improve it.
Information sources or data: This review study was conducted using the Thematic search on the online databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and professional web sites and books.
Selection methods for study: Articles and content were selected based on the similarity of content and their adaptation to the study objectives that were fifty full text articles, 12 books and 6 scientific materials. These materials were studied in detail and 38 of them were used to compile the final version of the study.
Combine content and ISO defines usability as an extension a product can be used by specific users to achieve goals with efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction in a specific context. Nowadays, system developers are trying to involve users to improve their performance by designing user-centered systems. The principles of this approach are to understand the needs of the user and the work environment, involve the user, determine the purposes of the user's performance, design the interface in accordance with the principles of behavior and common patterns, run tests of usability and apply the final edits before the final presentation of the System. In usability it is attempted to provide readiness for the acceptance and optimal use of the system using wisdom and engaging all users and familiarizing them with the set of system functions

One of the health information systems used in health care settings is Radiology Information System. This system can increase the quality and accuracy of work processes in the radiology department and can reduce the number of human resources required to archive images as well as the hospital costs, and, finally, can lower the retrieval time of archived images. Lack of usability of this system can affect the speed and accuracy of this task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conformity rates of Radiology Information System with usability principles.
This cross-sectional descriptive study (2015) uses heuristic evaluation method to evaluate the usability of RIS used in the teaching hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Usability of RISs was investigated based on the usability principles developed by Nielsen.
There were 53 usability problems. The lowest mismatch with usability principles was related to “Help and documentation” (n=1) and the highest was related to “Match with real world” (n=14) and "Aesthetic and minimalist design" (n=14).
Our findings showed that although the information systems such as RIS are often new, they are supposed to be designed based on the standards and the required users. In many cases, however, they have numerous problems. If they remain unsolved, these problems may increase errors, reduce care quality, and in general, threaten patients’ safety.