کرونا

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous challenges in recent years, many of which have persisted even after recovery from the illness.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group-based positive psychotherapy in enhancing resilience and reducing COVID-19-related anxiety and job burnout among nurses working in COVID-19 care units.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures, including an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population comprised nurses working in the COVID-19 intensive care units of Qaem and Shariati Hospitals in Mashhad between the years 2021–2022. A total of 26 eligible participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (positive psychotherapy, n = 13) or the control group (n = 13). Data collection instruments included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), the Corona Anxiety Scale developed by Alipour, Gadami, Alipour, and Abdulzadeh (2018), and Maslach’s Job Burnout Inventory (1981). The intervention group received eight weekly sessions of group-based positive psychotherapy, each lasting 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results indicated that positive group therapy had a significant impact on increasing resilience (F = 167.614), reducing COVID-19-related anxiety (F = 5.762), and decreasing job burnout (F = 39.975) among nurses working in COVID-19 care units.

 Positive group psychotherapy was found to be effective in enhancing resilience, reducing COVID-19-related anxiety, and alleviating job burnout among nurses working in COVID-19 care units. Therefore, this therapeutic approach is recommended for improving these outcomes in healthcare professionals.

 In the current decade, the development of intellectual capital has emerged as a key driver for enhancing both individual and organizational performance. The deployment of electronic service desks can contribute significantly to this development, particularly in strengthening structural capital. This study aimed to examine the impact of implementing an electronic service desk on the structural capital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This qualitative study employed a multi-case research approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers and experts in the domains of service desk operations and university education. Additional data were gathered by reviewing institutional documents and client feedback reports. Identified factors were subsequently validated through focus group discussions. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.

The most prominent impact of the electronic service desk was improved management of client-related statistics and enhanced reporting capabilities to relevant authorities. Other significant effects included easier user access, the ability to refer documents to other departments or organizations, improved resolution of requests during initial user contact, and enhanced interactions with clients.

The electronic service desk played a vital role in sustaining and enhancing the quality of educational services during the pandemic, while aligning with public health protocols. Furthermore, it laid the foundation for managerial innovation within the university’s educational service delivery system.

The coronavirus crisis is a multidimensional phenomenon that affects even the family. The impact of the situation on the family has been less discussed. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to explain families' experiences with patients suffering from COVID-19.

A qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis approach in 2021. Sampling started with purposive sampling and continued theoretically until information saturation was reached. The primary data collection tool was a semi-structured, in-depth interview in which10 participants were interviewed. The participants were people from the family of a patient with COVID-19 who, while willing to participate in the study, were either involved in caring for the patient or were worried about the patient's infection. In addition, their patient recovered from Corona and was alive. The interview location was chosen according to the participants' opinion, whether it was at their home or a place that was convenient for them. The interviews were analyzed using the Granheim and Lundman method.

After analyzing the data, initially, 391 codes, 16 subcategories, and finally, five themes were extracted. The five themes that emerged are the experienced symptoms of the disease with two subcategories (symptoms of the onset of the disease and the course of the symptoms), mental and emotional disturbances with seven subcategories (contagion anxiety, death anxiety, fear of the vague nature of the disease, torment of conscience, obsession, emotional suffering, and financial worries), sacrifice in care with two subcategories (suffering care and multiplicity of roles),  resilience in the path of care with three subcategories (supportive aspects, reduction of caregiving stress and obtaining information about the disease), Change and evolution in the course of life with two subcategories (individual growth and getting the meaning of life).

According to the present study, after one of the family members gets infected with Corona, the other members have a crisis. The individual, psychological, social, and economic dimensions of the family foundation are facing challenges. It needs the comprehensive support of the family as the first and most important institution of society. Although facing this crisis and accompanying challenges leads to the experience of special suffering, it lays the foundation for personal growth and a better understanding of the meaning of life. Therefore, it can be said that the experience of this crisis is not only from the social aspect but also from the individual aspect, along with tremendous positive and negative developments.

This study aimed to investigate and model psychological hardiness in mothers bereaved by the death of a child infected with COVID-19. The main objective was to model psychological hardiness based on the influence of religious orientation and grief experience, with a specific focus on the mediating role of spirituality in these mothers. In other words, this study seeks to demonstrate how religious orientation and grief experience, through spirituality, affect the level of psychological hardiness of mothers who have lost their child due to COVID-19.

The research method was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all mothers bereaved by the death of a child infected with COVID-19 in Tehran province in 2020. From this population, 120 individuals were selected as the research sample using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using questionnaires on psychological hardiness, religious orientation, grief experience, and spirituality. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling with SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.

The findings showed a good fit of the psychological hardiness model based on religious orientation and grief experience mediated by spirituality. Extrinsic religious orientation and grief experience had a negative and significant relationship with psychological hardiness, while intrinsic religious orientation had a positive and significant relationship. Spirituality also played a mediating role in the relationship between religious orientation and grief experience with psychological hardiness.

The results of this study indicate that religious orientation (especially the intrinsic type) and spirituality can play an important role in the psychological hardiness of mothers bereaved by the death of a child. Grief experience is also associated with reduced psychological hardiness. Spirituality, as a mediating factor, influences the impact of religious orientation and grief experience on psychological hardiness. These findings can be useful in designing psychological interventions to support bereaved mothers.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The identification of beneficial plant compounds and their use for targeting important proteins involved in the infection and replication of the coronavirus is considered an effective option in the fight against this disease. The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction of native medicinal plant compounds against the Mpro protease of different SARS-CoV-2 strains and to determine and evaluate the final compound using the HPLC method.

The three-dimensional structure of the Mpro protease was obtained from the PDB database. Various antiviral plant compounds were collected from databases and articles. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina. The features and properties of the selected compounds were examined using different servers. Mutagenesis for the methionine amino acid 49 was performed, and a new three-dimensional structure of the Mpro protein was modeled for different virus strains. Docking analysis for four selected compounds was conducted based on binding energy. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) was carried out to examine the stability of the final structure, and HPLC was used to evaluate the presence of the effective compound in the desired plant.

Docking results showed that the compound Cyanidin-3, 5-di-o-glucoside is effective in inhibiting Mpro, as indicated by its favorable total binding energy. The pharmacokinetic properties of this compound were also determined. MD results indicated that the Mpro-Cyanidin-3, 5-di-o-glucoside complex is stable. HPLC confirmed the presence of Cyanidin-3, 5-di-o-glucoside in Iranian pomegranate extract.

The compound Cyanidin-3, 5-di-o-glucoside found in Iranian pomegranate extract can bind to Mpro with high affinity and inhibit its activity, potentially serving as a drug that directly targets the coronavirus.

Given the global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, notably in Iran, implementing preventive measures and protocols has constrained the accessibility of rehabilitation services, such as speech therapy. Among the demographic groups significantly impacted by the pandemic are children, who are particularly susceptible to adverse outcomes when faced with delays in receiving essential speech therapy services. Accordingly, this study explores the accessibility of speech therapy services for children in Tehran City, Iran, during the pandemic using a qualitative methodology based on the perspectives of speech therapists and caregivers.

This study explored participants’ encounters with accessing services after the outbreak of COVID-19 and its associated determinants in Tehran City, Iran. This was achieved through comprehensive semi-structured interviews with speech therapists and primary caregivers of children, employing the conventional qualitative content analysis approach. The participants consisted of 9 speech therapists and 10 mothers until data saturation. They were interviewed and the data was analyzed using the MAXQDA software, version 2020.

The results explained the status of children’s access to speech therapy services in four main areas: reducing accessibility (delay in initial specialist diagnosis, change in the schedule of the treatment plan, change in the type of treatment plan), aggravating factors (basic factors, related to face-to-face services, and telepractice), modifying factors (associated with the macro health system, centers, telepractice, family, and child) and consequences (for the child and the family).

The results demonstrated the dominant experience of reducing children’s accessibility to speech therapy services in Tehran City, Iran, especially in the first year. This experience has been dynamically affected by exacerbating and modifying factors, and over time, modifying factors have had a greater impact, or the power of aggravating factors has been mitigated. Hence, strengthening the modifiers and dealing with the factors that exacerbate the change in access should be addressed by service providers and policymakers both in normal conditions and to prepare for events similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the Iranian society, with the spread of the news of the widespread spread of the corona virus and the gradual involvement of all the provinces of the country, the stage of denying the disease gradually turned into a serious fear. One of the concepts that is synonymous with damage and crisis is social resilience, which expresses the ability of a society to control the consequences of crisis and damage. In other words, resilience provides a possibility for the person and the society to absorb the effects of damage, therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the reduction of the consequences of Corona in Bandar Abbas city.

To properly cover the research problem, both quantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously. The study population included the residents of Bandar Abbas city, and a statistical sample of 384 people was determined through random stratification sampling and using the modified Cochran formula. The data collection tools were questionnaires to extract and compile information related to the subject, as well as two questionnaires to measure research variables. In the current research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the variable of social resilience, and a periodic questionnaire was used to measure the consequences of Corona. For analysis, SPSS version 21 software was used for descriptive and bivariate analysis and Lisrel8. 50 software for multivariate analysis.

The results of this research showed that at the 99% confidence level, the spread of Corona has had social, economic, health, recreational welfare consequences in Bandar Abbas city. Also, social resilience and its four dimensions have a significant difference with the average score of the spectrum, which in the dimensions of ability to teach and learn, ability to adapt and the whole variable of social resilience, the average obtained is higher than the scale score. However, in the two dimensions of ability to face danger and the power of organization, the average score obtained has a significant and negative difference compared to the average score, and it can be said that the social resilience of the families of Bandar Abbas city is considered weak in these aspects.

The results of the research indicated the positive impact of the socio-economic base of families with the degree of resilience and the degree of influence of the negative consequences of Corona. To put it simply, a higher socio-economic base allows individuals and families to have more social resilience.

Given the severity of the disease's spread, the World Health Organization declared a state of emergency on February 4, 2020, and many countries subsequently announced national quarantine. An epidemic of a disease is not only a physical phenomenon but also affects individuals and communities on many levels. Fear of illness, death, the spread of false news and rumors, disruption of daily activities, implementation of restrictive measures preventing public presence, going to places or meeting with other families, creating job–related issues and their consequences, and putting the mental health of individuals at risk in society. In addition, quarantine and restrictions are forms of isolation that are psychologically unpleasant and distressing. Based on previous research, cognitive processes can help individuals manage their emotions after experiencing difficult life events. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the role of cognitive–emotional regulation and distress tolerance in predicting the psychological well–being of hospitalized patients with COVID–19 during quarantine.

We conducted descriptive–analytical research of correlational type. The statistical population comprised all outpatients with COVID–19 during quarantine in 2019. According to Green's model (2003), a minimum sample size of 106 was necessary to achieve better results and prevent bias. However, 150 individuals were selected using convenience sampling, based on their availability and meeting the inclusion criteria, through online platforms and virtual applications (WhatsApp & Telegram). The inclusion criteria were as follows: being infected with the COVID–19 disease on an outpatient basis and spending time in quarantine, being older than 18 years, being literate more than junior high school level, and providing written consent to participate in the research. The exclusion criteria were hospitalization of the affected person, age range less than 18 years, literacy level lower than junior high school, and not consenting to participate in the research. The research tools included the Cognitive–Emotional Regulation Questionnaires (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005), and the Psychological Well–Being Scale–Short–Form (Ryff, 1989). The research data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Pearson correlation and linear multiple regression analysis were performed at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The results of the Pearson correlation showed a positive and significant relationship between emotional cognitive regulation (and its subscales) (r=0.771) and distress tolerance (and its subscales) (r=0.677) with psychological well–being in outpatients with COVID–19 (p<0.001). The results of the multiple regression analysis with the simultaneous model showed that both variables of distress tolerance and cognitive–emotional regulation together predict psychological well–being by 73%. Also, cognitive emotional regulation (p<0.001, β=0.493) and distress tolerance (p=0.005, β=0.275) positively and meaningfully predict psychological well–being. In addition, cognitive–emotional regulation (Beta=0.493), with a higher beta value, was considered a stronger predictor of psychological well–being.

According to the research results, emotional cognitive regulation and distress tolerance significantly predict the psychological well–being of hospitalized patients with COVID–19 during quarantine.

Covid-19 is an infection with high mortality in vulnerable individuals. Excessive stimulation of immune cells by viral infection causes a cytokine storm. Despite use of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs, many patients die. A balanced diet is recommended for the patients. Several micronutrients (vitamins A, C, E, and D) and dietary compounds with anti-Covid activity can be used.

In the current narrative review in the time interval of the first epidemic of Covid-19 (December 2019) to April 2020, a total of 507 relevant articles were selected by using the keywords of Covid-19, enhancement, immune system, modulation, prevention, treatment, viral infection, and vitamins from popular databases/indexing websites including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus and other indexing websites.

 63 highly validated and relevant published articles were selected. Their subjects were classified into different groups based on the studied vitamins.Their therapeutic mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects in the patients and normal subjects were assessed. The information about the role of vitamins in the prevention and/or treatment of Covid-19 infection was reviewed and finally, their contents were purified and listed in different formats.

A large part of the world population have different kinds of vitamin deficiency, especially vitamin D, and there is no specific diet to prevent the coronavirus. The researchers believe that measuring the serum level of vitamin D and compensating for the deficiency of this vitamin can be effective in preventing and fighting the disease of Covid-19, and the usual treatments for treating viral infections and changing the serum level of micronutrients can reduce the harmful effects of this disease.

Iran is ranked among the top ten nations in the world for hosting a large number of migrants and refugees. During the COVID-19 outbreak, refugees and migrants were among the most vulnerable groups. This study aimed to investigate the extent of healthcare service utilization by refugees and migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare centers affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 in Tehran. The research environment included all healthcare networks and general and specialized hospitals. Data were collected through document review and registered information in the Sina system. All provided services were categorized into four groups: primary care, outpatient, emergency, and inpatient services. Data analysis was performed using the Chow test and Interrupted Time Series model with the Wats and Sctest software packages in R version 4.3.0.

The decrease in utilization of outpatient, emergency, and inpatient services by refugees and migrants was significant (P-value < 0.001), whereas the decrease in primary care services was not significant. Additionally, after the onset of COVID-19, only the utilization of inpatient services showed a significant increasing trend (P-value < 0.013).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization of all healthcare services by refugees and migrants, including primary, outpatient, emergency, and inpatient care, decreased. It is recommended to provide complete insurance coverage for refugees, offer free treatment for impoverished refugees, increase awareness among refugees to encourage greater use of health services, reduce existing social and economic barriers, and facilitate interaction between healthcare providers and refugees.

Stigma is a set of negative attitudes, opinions, and thoughts about a specific situation that separates people from society as a label. Stigma is classified in sources as personal stigma and social stigma. Sometimes epidemic infectious diseases have been associated with the stigmatization of certain ethnic groups. The Covid-19 disease was declared as an infectious pandemic in 2020, and one of the psycho-social consequences of contracting this disease was the patient’s fear of being a carrier, social reactions and stigma. This review study has been conducted to examine the studies conducted in the field of stigma caused by Covid-19, and its effects.

This is a review article, using library resources and searching in Persian and English keywords with Stigma, Covid-19, Corona in PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Magiran, databases and using Google Scholar search engine. Among the 134 articles related to the topic,12 articles were selected due to their greater and better coherence.

Stigma was significant in various internal, social and international dimensions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Studies have shown that stigma and labeling were visible at all levels during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of the word Chinese virus and the negative attitude towards the Chinese continued even in the post-corona era. At the community level, social stigma was also significant. Rejection, humiliating treatment by others, breach of confidentiality, loss of trust and respect, and the impact of a Covid-19 diagnosis on their business were some of the things they experienced. On the other hand, the possibility of being a carrier and the fear and avoidance of medical workers and the experience of stigma were directly related to the psychological consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. Burnout, anxiety, attempted suicide, and other mood disorders were a concern among healthcare workers who experienced stigma.

Stigma can have many effects on different aspects of people’s lives that these effects exist during illness, quarantine and even after illness. Due to the fact that people with Covid-19 experience many psychosocial consequences, conducting more studies in the field of stigma reduction methods, using psychologists and counselors and taking advantage of the educational role of modern media can be effective in reducing these consequences.

The relationship between viral infections and acute or chronic urticaria is rarely reported in some articles. But its exact mechanisms are not known. There is evidence of urticaria in the patients with covid-19 infection. Therefore, there was no structured research to clarify the role of the corona virus in the pathogenesis of urticaria.

The articles that were published from January 2020 to October 2022 were reviewed by "PubMed" and "Google scholar" databases using the keywords acute urticarial urticaria, chronic urticaria along with COVID-19. Inclusion criteria were articles reporting acute or chronic urticaria in the patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in English. Review articles and studies that reported suspected corona infection and in which urticaria were related to drug hypersensitivity and other allergic diseases were considered as exclusion criteria.

In this search, 43 articles were reviewed that were related to our goals. Among these articles, 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. 16 articles were case reports, case series, letters to the editor and 7 original articles. In this review, it was reported 17 patients in 16 case reports and case series with urticaria associated with COVID-19.

The severity of chronic urticaria may increase with corona infection. Acute urticaria may be a precursor symptom of COVID-19 infection. Finally, due to the small number of articles and some contradictory results, more studies are suggested in this field.

With the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disruption of the normal state of human life and death, the most social, economic, political, and especially educational activities changed to virtual communications.

The present study was planned with the aim of assessing the effectiveness rate of adopting Learning Management System (LMS) among students. A questionnaire method was used to obtain the perception and opinion of students of different courses and levels. The efficiency of LMS in seven different components was evaluated. The t-student test was employed to evaluate statistical results.

The results of statistical analysis has been interpretated based on the mean and standard deviation of each studied components. Except for exercises and assignments, other components were less than the average limit. The value of the univariate t-statistic was determined to be less than 1.65 (standard t-value) for all components except exercises and homework. Also, considering that the p-value level for all components (< 0.001), it is concluded that there was a significant difference in the answers of all research questions.

The results can be used to resolve the challenges of E-learning. Due to the prolongation of the outbreak of Covid-19 and the intensification of its consequences such as increasing demand for E-learning, the need for continued economic activities, and employing new tools and more effective use of IT will be necessary.

Diabetes is one of the five common chronic diseases all over the world, which can cause many complications if not treated and controlled. Mental health is an important factor against diseases that can even lead to improvement of physical health in people. The anxiety caused by the coronavirus has led to the fact that the mental health of people with underlying diseases such as diabetes is at risk, and their physical health is also affected by it. Considering the spread of the coronavirus epidemic, the purpose of the present study was to compare the anxiety and depression of patients with diabetes with average individuals during the spread of the coronavirus epidemic.

The present descriptive-analytical and comparative causal study included 300 people (150 diabetic patients, 150 normal people) who were selected by purposive sampling. The data of the present study was collected electronically using a 9-question patient health questionnaire and a 7-question general anxiety questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Klomogrov-Smirnov, independent t, t-test and chi-square statistical tests.

In the present study, the average age of the participants was 27.48 years. Moreover, 191 female participants and 109 male participants, and the majority were university educated and married. The special findings of the study indicated that patients with diabetes experienced higher anxiety (t298=3.15, p<0.05) and depression (t298=2.23, p<0.05) than average individuals during the outbreak of corona disease and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in the analysis of these two variables.

The results obtained from the present study indicated that the high level of anxiety and depression during the outbreak of the Corona epidemic made patients with diabetes more vulnerable to psychological problems.

Corona epidemic is one of the biggest crises in the history of human life. Due to the high speed of transmission of the coronavirus, the whole world experienced this great crisis within a few months. This virus not only caused illness physical disorders and death in infected people; Rather, it has caused the emergence of many mental disorders such as fear, anxiety, avoidance and obsessive behaviors, sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder among all strata of society. The purpose of conducting this research is that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in reducing depression in patients after coronavirus treatment in Tehran's 22nd district

The current research method was semi-experimental and the design used in this research was a two-group pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this research was made up of patients from the 22nd district of Tehran after treatment for coronavirus. The sample size was 20 people in each group. Beck's depression and perceived stress questionnaires were used to collect information. Cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol sessions were implemented in 9 60-minute sessions.

The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy has an effect of 0.21 on reducing depression in patients after corona treatment (p<0.01). Also, the results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy has a 0.33 effect on reducing the perceived stress of patients after corona treatment (p<0.01, 0.33, η2=8.709, F, 668 /0=Λ). Based on the results of this test, cognitive behavioral therapy affects reducing the perceived lack of self-efficacy of patients after corona treatment by 0.18 (p<0.01) and reducing the perceived helplessness of patients after corona treatment by 0.18 (p<0.01).

When patients, through training and cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, can gain sufficient knowledge and awareness about the thoughts that lead to their discomfort and stress in life, and the beliefs and presuppositions in If they test their mind in reality, they can realize the incorrectness of their thoughts.

Due to the increase in anxiety caused by corona in students, especially nursing students who deal with patients, it seems necessary to identify ways to deal with it. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and anxiety of Corona among nursing students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive research, 159 nursing students who met the criteria for entering the study in 2019 were included in the study by stratified random sampling. The data was collected through the questionnaire of demographic information, corona anxiety and religious beliefs of George. Data analysis were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, Chi-Square) at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results showed that the majority (79.2%) of weak corona anxiety research units had strong religious beliefs (73.6%), and Spearman's test showed that there is no significant relationship between corona anxiety and religious orientation (P<0.05).

Acting on religious beliefs can reduce people's anxiety in difficult and critical situations, and in this study, because the majority of the research units had strong religious beliefs, they reported low corona anxiety.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the indicators influencing the model of managed care for emerging infectious respiratory disease (COVID-19) in Iran's health system, which can be used to explain the strategies of hospitals and medical centers in dealing with The covid 19 epidemic has a significant impact on the control and management of this epidemic. Managed care is an example of new health care systems whose task is to control the cost of services in a cost-effective manner through managed care organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the design indicators of the managed care model for the emerging respiratory infectious disease of Corona in Iran's health system.

This research is a survey-cross-sectional study based on two quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data of this research were analyzed by thematic analysis method with the help of MAXQDA software. 12 people from among the effective people in the management of this disease were interviewed in universities of medical sciences.

As a result of this research, 5 main categories were identified, which are: financial provision, resource provision, servicing and equipping, information and research, and government agents. According to the output of ISM calculations, the variable of information and research (C4) and government factors (C5) is the first level. To determine the elements of the second level, the variables of the first level are removed and once again the set of inputs and outputs were calculated without considering the variables of the first level. Based on the common set of identification and the variables whose commonality is equal to the input set, they were selected as the second level variables. According to the output of ISM calculations, financial provision (C1) and resource provision (C2) variables are the second level.

Health and treatment centers can be highly prepared to deal with this crisis by adding these capacities and standards studied in this research. Considering that this emerging respiratory infectious disease has become a threat to the entire population of the world, it needs timely, appropriate and cost-effective policies and measures to contain and reduce its deadly consequences. Planning to manage the crisis of the corona virus requires strategy, policy making and correct and timely action.