کووید-19

One of the most recent global crises faced by most countries was the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It can be argued that nearly all groups, classes, and strata of society were affected by it. Among the sensitive and vulnerable groups in society were the families of addicts, particularly women with spouses who were substance users. Given the unique challenges faced by this group of women, this study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of women with addicted spouses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research was conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological approach. A total of 19 women with addicted spouses residing in Isfahan City, Iran, who attended addiction treatment centers (including addiction treatment camps and methadone treatment centers) and social service centers located in various parts of the city, were purposively selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method.

From the interviews, 272 subcategories, 32 categories, and 7 main themes were extracted. These themes included: bio-isolation, the experience of homogeneity between COVID-19 and addiction, COVID-19, addiction, and family, cognitive exposure and new identity, the experience of heterogeneity between COVID-19 and addiction, disruption in children's socialization due to school closures, and poor lifestyle.

Although the conditions during the COVID-19 period were challenging for the general population, the experiences of women with addicted husbands revealed that they faced even greater difficulties in addition to the hardships of their pre-existing lives. The new circumstances led to the formation of distinct experiences for these women.

The seventh peak represented the latest surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Iran, predominantly characterized by Omicron subvariants. Due to the complex interplay of various factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality, employing an advanced statistical technique such as principal component regression (PCR) allows for the categorization and evaluation of these variables while improving predictive accuracy and mitigating issues such as multicollinearity often encountered with traditional regression methods.

In this cross-sectional study, data from 8994 patients were extracted from the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) of hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, covering the period from July to September 2022. Principal component logistic regression was employed to identify significant factors associated with patient mortality. Data analysis was done using SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean age of participants was 50.87 ± 28.30 years. Statistically significant associations were found between several variables including drug use, COVID-19 test results, high fever, respiratory distress, decreased level of consciousness, gastrointestinal symptoms, intubation status, oxygen saturation (PO2) levels, chronic blood diseases, and histories of hypertension (HTN), cancer, and diabetes with patient mortality (P < 0.05). In the regression model, the components of respiratory factors and underlying factors increased the chance of death by 62% and 15%, respectively, with confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.41-1.86 and 1.01-1.30, respectively. Besides, the components of intubation and temperature increased the chance of death by 2.47 times with a CI of 2.10-2.89 (P < 0.05).

Identifying risk factors is essential for healthcare providers to recognize vulnerable patient subpopulations, enhance the quality of care, prioritize treatment interventions, and effectively allocate resources.

Considering the risks of infectious diseases, especially COVID-19 in pregnant women and the existence of ambiguous results related to this disease on the health of mothers and babies, this study aims to determine the maternal, fetal, and neonatal consequences of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

In this retrospective cohort study, 233 pregnant women (113 infected and 120 not infected with COVID-19) ≥ 18 years of age were referred to Kausar and Amirul Mominin (AS) hospitals in Semnan from April 2018 until May 2023. They were selected by the convenience method. Inclusion criteria included: age ≥ 18 years and access to clinical records. Women with chronic diseases, diabetes and gestational hypertension, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, other infectious diseases, and people with disorders in pregnancy screening tests were excluded from the study. Demographic information and maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared using clinical records and phone calls.

In women with COVID-19 compared to non-infected, the prevalence of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (P = 0.003), premature rupture of the amniotic sac (P = 0.039), gestational diabetes (P = 0.003), pregnancy hypertension (P = 0.016), preterm labour (P = 0.006), cesarean section (P < 0.001), intrauterine fetal growth restriction (P = 0.032), abortion (P = 0.038), fetal death (P = 0.042) and hospitalization of the newborn in the intensive care unit (P = 0.006) were significantly higher. Apgar score of one minute (8.34 ± 1.54 vs. 8.65 ± 0.87 and P = 0.048) and five minutes (9.61 ± 1.12 vs. 9.74 ± 0.68 and P = 0.039) in the neonates of affected women were less than the other group.

Health policies based on the education of the symptoms and risks of the disease, as well as screening and faster identification of pregnant women with COVID-19 at higher risk and providing appropriate facilities to control their risk factors and planning to make effective decisions in prevention and clinical management with quick diagnosis and timely treatment in the early stages, is necessary, which is recommended.

Information related to the spread of disease and spatial risk factors can assist policymakers and managers in disease control. This study aimed to analyze the spatial-temporal clustering of COVID-19 mortality in Hamadan Province.

The present study is an ecological research. All patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 and death due to COVID in Hamadan Province from the beginning of 2020 to the end of 2022 were included in the study. Zoning maps were used to display the distribution of death cases.The Getis-Ord G statistic was utilized for hot spot analysis. To examine the trend of COVID-19 mortality over the course of the epidemic, a Poisson model was employed.

In total, 7265 COVID-19 patients who died during the study period were included. In November 2020, and May and September 2021, the highest cases of COVID-19 related deaths occurred, coinciding with the peaks of the third, fourth, and fifth waves of the epidemic. In each of the studied periods, COVID-19 mortality significantly changed compared to the baseline period (from March to September 2020). The relative risk of death due to COVID-19 in the province increased from October to February 2020 and March to September 2021 compared to the baseline period and decreased in subsequent periods. High-risk points in Hamadan Province regarding the incidence of deaths caused by COVID-19 from March 2020 to February 2022 were located in several northern and central counties of the province.

At the beginning of the epidemic, high-risk areas with high incidence rates were located in the northern counties of the province. In later stages, during the middle of the epidemic, the range of high-risk areas expanded to the central-southern and then southern counties of the province.

The levels of serum ferritin increase with increasing disease severity, thereby suggesting a possible biomarker for the prediction of the cytokine storm. This study was carried out to evaluate the practical utility of ferritin as a serum biomarker in COVID-19.

In this retrospective study, a total of 117 adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection were included. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical signs and chest radiography, followed by real-time PCR. Patients were classified into mild-to-moderate (n= 47), severe (n = 46), and critical (n = 24) groups. Demographic and clinical information, as well as laboratory findings, were collected, and the concentrations of ferritin were compared among the different groups.

The highest percentage of patients were in the critical group (76/29%). Overall, COVID-19 infection was more prevalent in females (66%) and the median age of patients in the critical group (76.29) was more than the other ones. The amount of ferritin was significantly higher in the critical (p< 0.001) group. The level of ferritin remarkably was higher in dead patients (620.88 ng/mL. Based on logistic regression analysis and ROC curve, ferritin can be a biomarker to predict high-risk patients. Furthermore, binary logistic regression showed ferritin to be a predictor of mortality supplemented.

Serum ferritin is a promising biomarker for anticipating cytokine storm, which may support clinical decision-making and contribute to the optimal management of patients with COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the experience of high levels of stress and anxiety in nurses. The implementation of psychological training techniques can have a positive effect on their psychological outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the studies conducted on the effects of psychological training techniques on the mental health of nurses.

The present article is a narrative review based on the information collected using the keywords stress, anxiety, resilience, COVID-19 pandemic and education in the Persian language and English databases such as SID and Magiran, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus from 2019 to 2023 and a total of 684 articles were found. Twenty seven articles were extracted from them. The inclusion criteria required studies to have full text available, experimental and semi experimental studies, and the use of a psychological training technique to improve resilience or reduce stress and anxiety in the test group.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the physical and mental health of nurses. The use of psychological training techniques to improve resilience or reduce stress and anxiety helps nurses perform best in stressful situations while maintaining their mental health. The evidence shows that various educational techniques such as acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, or a combination of these techniques have improved resilience, and reduced stress and anxiety of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considering the existence and effectiveness of different training techniques, on the resilience, stress, and anxiety of nurses, it is necessary proper planning should be done to implement various training techniques to reduce the negative effects of the COVID-19.

Hamadan Province, located in western Iran, covers 20,000 square kilometers and has a population of 1.7 million. The onset of COVID-19 and the cessation of public gatherings significantly affected air quality. This study aimed to examine the air quality in Hamadan Province over two years prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, during the pandemic, and after its resolution.

This research adhered to ethical standards. Daily air quality data were obtained from five monitoring stations. After validation, the data were analyzed during the three aforementioned periods. Descriptive results were presented as means and standard deviation, and parameters were evaluated using SPSS software with the Post Hoc Bonferroni tests.

During the COVID-19 period, the average concentrations of CO2, O3, and PM10decreased compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, while PM2.5, SO2, and CO concentrations increased. After COVID-19, the average concentrations of NO2, O3, and SO2decreased compared to the COVID-19 period, conversely,PM10and CO concentrations increased, with PM2.5maintaining a stable average concentration. The highest averageconcentrations of NO2and O3occurred in summer, CO in autumn, and SO2in winter.

The mandatory lockdown during the COVID-19 period significantly impacted the air quality of the province. The subsequent ban on Mazut fuel in power plants and industrial units also had a notable effect on air quality. Therefore, traffic control and the simultaneous prohibition of Mazut fuel are recommended to improve air quality in this province.

Despite the global reduction in the transmission and mortality of Coronavirus (COVID-19), this infection remains a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection on complications, prevalence, rates, mortality, and predictors of surgical outcomes in proximal femur fractures. This prospective observational study was conducted on 611 PPF patients suspected of having COVID-19 who underwent surgery at Firouzgar Hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences between 2011 and 2013. Fifty-nine patients were identified with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Using frequency matching, we compared the 30-day mortality rate, hip function, average length of hospitalization, and likelihood of ICU admission between patients with and without COVID-19. The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the COVID-19 positive group (28.8% vs. 10.2%, p=0.018). At the last follow-up, the mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) was lower in COVID-19 positive patients. Multivariate analysis showed that infection rates, average duration of hospitalization, and ICU admission rates were higher in COVID-19 positive patients. Older age, hypertension, and smoking significantly increased the risk of postoperative outcomes in PPF patients. COVID-19 infection increases mortality rates, average duration of hospitalization, and ICU admission likelihood while decreasing the mean HHS in the target population. These findings are particularly significant in elderly patients, smokers, and those with hypertension.Keywords: Proximal Femur Fracture, Mortality Rate, Coronavirus Disease, COVID-19, Predictors

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SASR-CoV-2) with pandemic potential in humans. Recent findings emphasize the importance of nutrition in preventing and controlling this virus. Given that no study has been conducted on the comparison of food intake with the severity of COVID-19 disease, this study was intended to compare food intake with the severity of COVID-19 disease in adults.

In this cross-sectional-analytical study, the dietary patterns of 3018 inpatients (moderate and severe group) and 717 outpatients (mild group) were determined by using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A paired t-test was used to compare quantitative variables, and the chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables. The comparison of food intake was done using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test.

Between the two outpatient and inpatient groups, a significant difference was observed in the consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins C, D, A, B6, B12, and zinc after adjusting for the effect of energy (P < 0.001). No difference was observed between consumption of saturated fat (P = 0.430), vitamins E (P = 0.170), B1 (P = 0.210), and B2 (P = 0.530).

The consumption of total fat, MUFA and PUFA, vitamins C, D, A, B12, B6, and zinc was related to the severity of COVID-19.

Proper virtual education needs to pay attention to the needs of the learners, create a platform and implement the necessary interventions to solve the challenges. Accessing the experiences of learners from virtual education can provide valuable information to managers to improve the quality of virtual education. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the problems and advantages of virtual education from the students' point of view.

This qualitative study was conducted with content analysis method on 20 nursing and health students. People were included in the study with a simple and accessible sampling method. Due to the limitations, information was collected through the Whats App group. Analysis continued simultaneously with data collection until data saturation. Codes were classified based on semantic units.

After merging the primary codes, the extracted themes include two main classes and 5 subclasses. The category of virtual education problems included three subcategories of student learning problems, professors' problems in virtual education, hardware and software problems of education, and the category of virtual education advantages included two subcategories of flexibility of education, learning and using technology.

The findings of the study showed that virtual education has problems and advantages. Considering the necessity of using virtual education in some conditions, it is necessary to identify the problems and advantages of this method of education from the students' point of view.

Covid-19 is a widespread disease and its treatment is important. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises on the lung function of women with a history of covid-19 disease.

20 inactive young women with a history of covid-19 disease in 1400 were randomly divided into two Pilates training groups (N=12, eight weeks, three sessions per week) and the control group (N=8). Respiratory indices (VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and VO2max) were measured before and after the exercise program using a spirometer. Using SPSS26 software, to determine the difference between the groups using the ANCOVA test and to determine the difference between the pre-test times between the groups using the independent t-test and the pre-post-test times using the t-test A pair with a significant level (p<0.05) was used.

The average age of the subjects (control: 31.87±8.9, training: 39.66±7.26 years) was. Vital capacity (p=0.017), maximum voluntary deep breathing (MVV) (p=0.001), VO2max (p=0.041), in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the group Exercise had a significant increase. Also, VO2max in the training group increased significantly (p=0.001) and weight (p=0.001) and BMI (p=0.001) decreased significantly. Also; There was a significant decrease in weight and BMI variables in the post-test training group compared to the pre-test (p=0.001) and a significant increase in the control group (p=0.001).

The findings of the present study showed; Pilates exercise can be effective as a rehabilitation factor in the post-corona era for young women with a history of covid-19. However, more research in this field is necessary to reach definitive guidelines.

Corona virus will not be the first and the last pandemic crisis in the world. For a society to know how and in what way to manage and lead that crisis is an important issue that experts and statesmen should be address. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the crisis management strategies according to the lessons learned from the covid-19 period.

In this qualitative study, semi structured interviews were held with 10 managers and employees in Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb hospital of Rafsanjan, 2022. The interviews first started with a general and open question for express the participants, opinions. the next questions were asked so that the researcher can reach the final goal of the study. The duration of the interviews was between 45-90 minutes. For transcription and analysis of interviews, MAXQDA2020 software was used and date were analyzed using content analysis approach.

Data analysis led to the development of 6 categories. They included: "resources and equipment", " human resources ", "physical space", "training", "rehabilitation" and "treatment", which was identified as crisis management strategies in Covid-19 period.

The results of this research indicate that prevention and preparation before the occurrence of a crisis, in various fields ranging from the provision of tools and equipment to planning and specialized and general training, which should be addressed, despite the great importance of They are neglected.

In this study, chest CT scan findings were compared in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 aged 50-20 years. Patients aged 20-50 with covid-19 were included in the study. The findings in the chest CT scans of the patients were recorded in checklists based on the radiologist's report. After collecting the data, with the help of SPSS software, the frequency of the data and the relationship between the data were investigated. A total of 189 patients with an average age of 35.71 ± 6.56 years were included in the study, of which 109 patients (57.7%) were female and the rest were male. The most common finding in the CT scan of the patients was ground glass opacity, which was observed in 146 patients (77.2%). There was a significant difference in the frequency of consolidation, bronchial wall thickening, ground glass opacity, Halo Sign, and Reverse Halo Sign among the three groups (in all cases, p<0.001) so that their prevalence was the highest in unvaccinated patients and the lowest patients with Complete vaccination. There was a significant difference between the percentage of lung involvement in the 3 groups (p<0.001), so that the highest lung involvement was observed in the non-vaccinated group and the lowest in the fully vaccinated group. Based on the results obtained in the present study, vaccination against covid-19 leads to a decrease in the severity of the radiological manifestations of this disease.Keywords: Covid-19, CT scan, vaccine

The ambiguity and lack of consensus in both domestic (including national protocols) and international sources regarding the efficacy of doxycycline in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease progression in patients with CORONAVIRUS Disease 2019 (Covid-19) led to the decision to conduct this study. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of doxycycline in the clinical course and improvement of outpatients with the disease..

The present clinical trial was conducted on 82 patients diagnosed with the disease (in accordance with the established clinical criteria) who presented at Shahid Beheshti Hospital during the years 2021-2022 and did not require hospitalization. The control group received the standard care and medication for patients with the disease. In addition to these care measures, the intervention group received doxycycline capsules at a dose of 100 mg twice daily for a duration of 10 days. The need for hospitalization, mortality, complete recovery, and the progression of clinical symptoms were monitored and compared for 30 days in both patient groups. For the purpose of comparing the disease outcomes based on nominal and ordinal categorical variables, the Chi-square test (Fisher's exact test) was utilized, while paired t-test was employed for the purpose of comparing quantitative variables.

There were 41 patients in the intervention group and 37 patients in the control group with no statistically significant difference in terms of average age, gender, and clinical symptoms at the time of referral. Hospitalization rate was 8 cases (19.5%) in the intervention group and 9 cases (24.3%) in the control group (P=0.784). One month after treatment, 21 (56.8%) patients in the control group and 29 (70.7%) patients in the intervention group had complete recovery. In both groups, the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation increased over time in both groups and this increase was greater in the intervention group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.001).

doxycycline can be effective in outpatients with covid-19 due to faster recovery and less need for hospitalization.

Hyperglycemia usually occurs in critically ill patients, including COVID-19 patients, and may be related to their prognosis. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the severity of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 diabetic patients hospitalized at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan in 2022 and its impact on their prognosis. In this cross-sectional study, 378 patients with diabetes who were hospitalized due to confirmed cases of the novel corona virus (Covid-19) at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2021 were evaluated. These patients were assessed based on clinical and paraclinical findings, and the severity of the disease and outcomes were analyzed alongside their demographic and clinical characteristics. ANOVA was employed to compare the blood glucose status of patients based on age and length of hospital stay, while the chi-squared test was used to compare the blood glucose status of patients based on gender, type of ward, outcomes, underlying diseases, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Out of 1665 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 378 (22.7%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the 378 patients, 215 (56.9%) were female, 331 (87.6%) were married, and 320 (84.7%) were residents of the city. The average age of the patients was 65.3 ± 12.5 years, blood glucose level was 220.2 ± 120.1milligrams per deciliter, and their hospital stay duration was 8.7 ± 5.9 days. Unfortunately, 96 patients (25.4%) succumbed to COVID-19 in the hospital. Of those, 116 (30.9%) had intensive blood glucose control, 60 (15.7%) had appropriate blood glucose control, 74 (19%) had poor control, and 128 (33%) had very poor control. Patients who passed away in the hospital had significantly worse controlled blood glucose levels compared to survivors (272.8 ± 158.6 vs. 202.3 ± 97.9 milligrams per deciliter) (P=0.001). Based on the findings of this study, hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased risk of mortality; therefore, it is necessary to monitor and manage blood sugar in these patients.