یادگیری از راه دور

With the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disruption of the normal state of human life and death, the most social, economic, political, and especially educational activities changed to virtual communications.

The present study was planned with the aim of assessing the effectiveness rate of adopting Learning Management System (LMS) among students. A questionnaire method was used to obtain the perception and opinion of students of different courses and levels. The efficiency of LMS in seven different components was evaluated. The t-student test was employed to evaluate statistical results.

The results of statistical analysis has been interpretated based on the mean and standard deviation of each studied components. Except for exercises and assignments, other components were less than the average limit. The value of the univariate t-statistic was determined to be less than 1.65 (standard t-value) for all components except exercises and homework. Also, considering that the p-value level for all components (< 0.001), it is concluded that there was a significant difference in the answers of all research questions.

The results can be used to resolve the challenges of E-learning. Due to the prolongation of the outbreak of Covid-19 and the intensification of its consequences such as increasing demand for E-learning, the need for continued economic activities, and employing new tools and more effective use of IT will be necessary.

 Receiving feedback from students about the distance learning environment is necessity to improve distance education. The present study aims to investigate the perceptions of the distance learning environment in nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

 This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 194 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students in Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2020-2021. The data collection tools were a demographic from and the distance education learning environment survey (DELES) that were prepared in Google forms. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test.

 The mean total score of DELES was 100.1±23.8, and 59.3% of students perceived their distance learning environment as good.

 More than half of the nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch perceive their distance learning environment as good. To achieve maximum student satisfaction, attention to different areas of the distance learning environment survey should be paid by teachers, managers, and curriculum and distance education planners as well as to the empowerment of teachers for distance education in the School of Nursing & Midwifery.

With the advent of information technology, educational systems changed accordingly, and the need for revisiting traditional teaching methods and using new learning methods have been felt by educational system planners. Since nearly half of the time medical students spend in university is devoted to clinical education, this education is of paramount importance. Therefore, by using relevant keywords, various interventional, descriptive, and review studies on distance learning in clinical education of nursing, midwifery and operating room technology students that were conducted in English or Persian and published in the scientific databases such as science direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Magiran between 2000-2020 were searched. The articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed. The findings of these articles showed that the use of different distance learning methods has a special role in improving the clinical skills of nursing, midwifery and operating room technology students. When combined with face-to-face training, e-learning can have a positive effect on promoting students' clinical skills and competence. Of course, further studies with more accurate methods are needed to improve the quality of these methods and prove their effectiveness.

Today, combined learning along with traditional education has special role in medical universities. But its impact on factors such as creativity and spiritual intelligence needs further investigation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the mediating role of spiritual intelligence on the quality of combined learning and creativity from students views in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2018-2019.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consist of all professional doctoral students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (N=960) who had benefited from combined education in the academic year of 1997-98. The sample size was estimated to be 275 people using Morgan table and students were entered into the study by simple random method. Data collection tools included questionnaires on the quality of the course Guinness combined learning, Abedichr('39')s creativity and Kingchr('39')s spiritual intelligence (SISRI). Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data through SPSS and Baron and Kenny four-step method was used to determine the mediating role.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between studentschr('39') perceptions of the quality of the combined learning course with creativity (r=0.34) and spiritual intelligence (r=0.39) (P= 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and creativity (r=0.38) (P<0.001). Examining the mediating role of spiritual intelligence and its components also showed that this variable has a partial and moderating mediating role in relation to studentschr('39') views on the quality of the combined learning course and creativity.

According to the results, it can be said that there is a positive and direct relationship between studentschr('39') views of the quality of the combined learning course and their creativity, also spiritual intelligence was  able  to affect relation between the two variables partially.

Nowadays, e-Learning is considered as one of the effective media of education. Since there is a tendency to implement this project at Lorestan university of medical sciences, the current study aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing e-Learning project at this university from the perspective of professors, students, managers and executive staff in 2012-13. The study design was descriptive and cross sectional. Using stratified random sampling, 316 students, 84 faculty members and 13 managers and staff were selected by census method. In order to collect data, Darab Multidimensional Questionnaire (DMQ) (readiness of training and technical experience, cultural readiness, readiness of equipment, readiness of communication network, readiness of regulations, readiness of human resource, readiness of management, readiness of training policies, readiness of security and readiness of support) was used. The validity and reliability of the instrument were obtained using content validity and Cronbach's alpha (0.82), respectively. Readiness of training and technical experience, cultural, equipment, readiness of communication network, human resource, management, training policies, security, and support in the university is not at the desirable level; however, readiness of regulations is at the desirable level. There is currently no readiness required for the implementation of e-Learning project and that the relevant infrastructures should be provided to promote the current situation.